The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines an adhesive as a substance capable of holding mate rials together by surface attachment (1). The mechanisms by which a liquid adhesive makes intimate contact with a surface, undergoing physical and chemical changes to bond surfaces together, is highly complex and understood only in part. Nonetheless, adhesives appropriately selected for compatability with adherend and service conditions can be used to great advantage in building construction. Adhesives increase strength and stiffness of building com ponents, uniformly transfer and distribute stresses, and combine dissimilar materials that could not be joined oth erwise. Applications in building construction vary widely in structural capabilities, from huge glued-laminated beams that support roof loads to nonstructural applica tions where adhesives support only wall coverings and decorative trim. Within the last 45 years, age-old animal and vegetable adhesives have essentially been replaced by chemically synthesized adhesives that enable the user to bond practically all materials from microchips to jet aircraft. The construction industry is the largest user of adhesives, but by far the largest proportion is used to manufacture building materials such as plywood, particle board, gypsum board, hard board, doors, sandwich panels, glass-fiber insulation, and various factory-laminated prod ucts. The amount of adhesive used in the construction industry to assemble building materials at construction sites and in small shops is unknown, but it is this latter group of adhesives and their applications that this article addresses. Mechanisms of adhesive bonding and the na tures of bonding surfaces and polymers that are common to most adhesive applications are also discussed.
{"title":"Adhesives","authors":"J. Pepi","doi":"10.1117/3.2317988.ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2317988.ch9","url":null,"abstract":"The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines an adhesive as a substance capable of holding mate rials together by surface attachment (1). The mechanisms by which a liquid adhesive makes intimate contact with a surface, undergoing physical and chemical changes to bond surfaces together, is highly complex and understood only in part. Nonetheless, adhesives appropriately selected for compatability with adherend and service conditions can be used to great advantage in building construction. Adhesives increase strength and stiffness of building com ponents, uniformly transfer and distribute stresses, and combine dissimilar materials that could not be joined oth erwise. Applications in building construction vary widely in structural capabilities, from huge glued-laminated beams that support roof loads to nonstructural applica tions where adhesives support only wall coverings and decorative trim. Within the last 45 years, age-old animal and vegetable adhesives have essentially been replaced by chemically synthesized adhesives that enable the user to bond practically all materials from microchips to jet aircraft. The construction industry is the largest user of adhesives, but by far the largest proportion is used to manufacture building materials such as plywood, particle board, gypsum board, hard board, doors, sandwich panels, glass-fiber insulation, and various factory-laminated prod ucts. The amount of adhesive used in the construction industry to assemble building materials at construction sites and in small shops is unknown, but it is this latter group of adhesives and their applications that this article addresses. Mechanisms of adhesive bonding and the na tures of bonding surfaces and polymers that are common to most adhesive applications are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":103266,"journal":{"name":"Opto-structural Analysis","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133451598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikko Myllykoski is Experience Director at Heureka, The Finnish Science Centre. He may be contacted at Mikko.Myllykoski@heureka.fi. The science center field is young and rapidly growing. Some start the counting from the Exploratorium and the Ontario Science Centre in 1969. Twenty years later there were 240 science centers worldwide, today more than 2400. One of the institutions that was opened in 1989, is Heureka, the Finnish science centre, a museum that on an average attracts 280,000 visitors annually in a 2-hour drive catchment area of 2,100,000 inhabitants. We wanted to pay homage to the achievements of the field by designing a whole exhibition gallery, Heureka Classics, for its 20th anniversary. The idea was to recycle some of our very best exhibits, many known from the Exploratorium Cookbook, some from Galileo Galilei or other scientists and inventors, for this millennium.
Mikko Myllykoski是芬兰科学中心Heureka的体验总监。可以通过Mikko.Myllykoski@heureka.fi与他联系。科学中心领域是年轻的，正在迅速发展。有些人从1969年的探索博物馆和安大略科学中心开始计数。20年后，全世界有240个科学中心，今天超过2400个。芬兰科学中心Heureka是1989年开放的机构之一，它是一个平均每年吸引28万游客的博物馆，在一个拥有210万居民的2小时车程的集水区。为了纪念该领域的成就，我们设计了一个完整的展览画廊Heureka Classics，以纪念其成立20周年。我们的想法是回收我们最好的一些展品，其中许多从探索博物馆的烹饪书中闻名，一些来自伽利略·伽利莱或其他科学家和发明家，在这个千年里。
{"title":"Nuts and Bolts","authors":"J. Pepi","doi":"10.1117/3.2317988.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2317988.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"Mikko Myllykoski is Experience Director at Heureka, The Finnish Science Centre. He may be contacted at Mikko.Myllykoski@heureka.fi. The science center field is young and rapidly growing. Some start the counting from the Exploratorium and the Ontario Science Centre in 1969. Twenty years later there were 240 science centers worldwide, today more than 2400. One of the institutions that was opened in 1989, is Heureka, the Finnish science centre, a museum that on an average attracts 280,000 visitors annually in a 2-hour drive catchment area of 2,100,000 inhabitants. We wanted to pay homage to the achievements of the field by designing a whole exhibition gallery, Heureka Classics, for its 20th anniversary. The idea was to recycle some of our very best exhibits, many known from the Exploratorium Cookbook, some from Galileo Galilei or other scientists and inventors, for this millennium.","PeriodicalId":103266,"journal":{"name":"Opto-structural Analysis","volume":"81 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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