The treatment for localized advance gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is far from ideal. Up to 50% of patient developed post-operative recurrence and died within 5 years. Recently, imatinib was found to significantly improve recurrence-free survival in post-operative patients. The role of adjuvant therapy in high risk GIST patients is discussed.
{"title":"Article Commentary: The Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Gastrointestinal stromal Tumor after Operative Treatment","authors":"K. Lok","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S3422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S3422","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment for localized advance gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is far from ideal. Up to 50% of patient developed post-operative recurrence and died within 5 years. Recently, imatinib was found to significantly improve recurrence-free survival in post-operative patients. The role of adjuvant therapy in high risk GIST patients is discussed.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S3422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review, we analyze the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma on the gastrointestinal tract. There is a wide variation of gastrointestinal manifestations from these autoimmune disorders including but not limited to: oral ulcers, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, pseudo-obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. The purpose of this review is to discuss these manifestations, the appropriate diagnostic tests, and treatment.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Scleroderma","authors":"Cherag Daruwala, G. Mercogliano, T. Harder","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S2264","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we analyze the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma on the gastrointestinal tract. There is a wide variation of gastrointestinal manifestations from these autoimmune disorders including but not limited to: oral ulcers, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, pseudo-obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. The purpose of this review is to discuss these manifestations, the appropriate diagnostic tests, and treatment.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S2264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The entire field of gastroenterology is primed to take an enormous step forward, with scientific and endoscopic advances which will be tothis decade what the treatments of peptic ulcer disease and viral hepatitis conditions were for the 80's and 90's. So also in the area of esophagology there are numerous emerging techniques and scientific advances in our understanding of the motor and sensory function of the esophagus. These contribute to our better understanding of common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) including erosive esophagitis (EE), normal endoscopy reflux disease (NERD), Barrett's epithelium (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA), as well as the less common esophageal motility disorders, oro-pharyngeal dysphagia and eosinophilic esophagitis.
{"title":"Update 2008: The Esophagus","authors":"A. Thomson","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S523","url":null,"abstract":"The entire field of gastroenterology is primed to take an enormous step forward, with scientific and endoscopic advances which will be tothis decade what the treatments of peptic ulcer disease and viral hepatitis conditions were for the 80's and 90's. So also in the area of esophagology there are numerous emerging techniques and scientific advances in our understanding of the motor and sensory function of the esophagus. These contribute to our better understanding of common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) including erosive esophagitis (EE), normal endoscopy reflux disease (NERD), Barrett's epithelium (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ECA), as well as the less common esophageal motility disorders, oro-pharyngeal dysphagia and eosinophilic esophagitis.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Slim, L. Khairallah, C. Yaghi, K. Honein, M. Chemaly, B. Kheir, R. Sayegh
Background Colonoscopy has a great impact on diagnosis and management of the diseases of the colon. In general it's a safe and accurate procedure. No evaluation has been done of any endoscopic practices in a country where the practice of medicine is totally private. Objectives Prospective audit of technical success and complication rates of both therapeutic and diagnostic colonoscopy. Setting One endoscopy unit of a Lebanese university hospital. Patients and design 407 consecutive colonoscopies were evaluated over a 6-month period. Data were recorded for age and sex of the patients, indication of the colonoscopy, presence of comorbidities, patients risk stratification, administrated dose of anesthetic drugs. Data concerning the procedure itself were also monitored. Intervention Completion rate as well as complications reported during or post colonoscopy. All patients were called back by phone 48 hours and 1 month later to identify any related post-procedural complication. Results 407 patients underwent colonoscopy. All patients were sedated with midazolam, propofol and fentanyl. The overall caecal intubation rate was 99.99%. 70 snare polypectomies and 29 cold forceps excision were performed as well as 5 coagulations with Argon Plasma Coagulation. The most important post-procedural complication was chemical colitis in 2 cases. Limitations Patients and endoscopists satisfaction was not evaluated. It's an audit of a single tertiary French affiliated hospital. It does not necessarily reflect what's really happening on a national level. Conclusion This audit enabled us to change some of our practices; i.e. rinsing method of endoscopes. It stimulated the team to keep a high performance level without neglecting the risk of potential complications.
{"title":"Prospective Audit of Colonoscopy Practice in a Lebanese University Hospital","authors":"R. Slim, L. Khairallah, C. Yaghi, K. Honein, M. Chemaly, B. Kheir, R. Sayegh","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S520","url":null,"abstract":"Background Colonoscopy has a great impact on diagnosis and management of the diseases of the colon. In general it's a safe and accurate procedure. No evaluation has been done of any endoscopic practices in a country where the practice of medicine is totally private. Objectives Prospective audit of technical success and complication rates of both therapeutic and diagnostic colonoscopy. Setting One endoscopy unit of a Lebanese university hospital. Patients and design 407 consecutive colonoscopies were evaluated over a 6-month period. Data were recorded for age and sex of the patients, indication of the colonoscopy, presence of comorbidities, patients risk stratification, administrated dose of anesthetic drugs. Data concerning the procedure itself were also monitored. Intervention Completion rate as well as complications reported during or post colonoscopy. All patients were called back by phone 48 hours and 1 month later to identify any related post-procedural complication. Results 407 patients underwent colonoscopy. All patients were sedated with midazolam, propofol and fentanyl. The overall caecal intubation rate was 99.99%. 70 snare polypectomies and 29 cold forceps excision were performed as well as 5 coagulations with Argon Plasma Coagulation. The most important post-procedural complication was chemical colitis in 2 cases. Limitations Patients and endoscopists satisfaction was not evaluated. It's an audit of a single tertiary French affiliated hospital. It does not necessarily reflect what's really happening on a national level. Conclusion This audit enabled us to change some of our practices; i.e. rinsing method of endoscopes. It stimulated the team to keep a high performance level without neglecting the risk of potential complications.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Baars, E. Kuipers, H. van Dekken, C. J. van der Woude
We describe a patient with Crohn's disease who presented with a persistent enterocutaneous fistula. Colonoscopy showed no abnormalities in the terminal ileum and cecum. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine for Crohn's disease. The fistula responded partially to therapy. Surgery was performed and revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, originating from the fistulous tract. In persistent enterocutaneous fistulae surgery is indicated and could keep us from shocking surprises.
{"title":"Surgery is Indicated for Persistent Enterocutaneous Fistulizing Crohn's Disease","authors":"J. Baars, E. Kuipers, H. van Dekken, C. J. van der Woude","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S452","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a patient with Crohn's disease who presented with a persistent enterocutaneous fistula. Colonoscopy showed no abnormalities in the terminal ileum and cecum. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine for Crohn's disease. The fistula responded partially to therapy. Surgery was performed and revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, originating from the fistulous tract. In persistent enterocutaneous fistulae surgery is indicated and could keep us from shocking surprises.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Improve risk management of patients undergoing investigations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in regard to underlying diseases and choice of premedication. According to a nationwide survey in Japan, 74% of the deaths associated with premedication were patients aged 60 years or over. Methods Subjects were 418 patients undergoing investigations of the GI tract (367 endoscopy, 51 barium contrast radiography) between October 2001 and January 2004. Age distribution peaked in the 65-69 years group, and 40% of subjects were aged 65 years and over. Using a questionnaire, each subject was interviewed prior to the investigation to determine contraindications for anticholinergic agents or glucagon preparations. To confirm the risk associated with antispasmodic agents in elderly subjects, the group was subdivided into those aged under 65 years and those aged 65 and over, and compared. Results Anticholinergic agents were contraindicated in more than 50% of subjects aged 65 years and over, and glucagon was contraindicated in 11% of subjects aged 65 years and over. The proportion of elderly subjects in whom antispasmodic agents, including anticholinergics and glucagon, were contraindicated was significantly greater than for subjects aged under 65 years. Conclusions Using a written questionnaire at the time of obtaining informed consent facilitates the identification of underlying diseases and selection of appropriate premedication.
{"title":"Underlying—Disease Risk for Antispasmodic Premedication in Older Patients Undergoing Investigations of the Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"N. Saito, A. Seshimo, S. Kameoka","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S766","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Improve risk management of patients undergoing investigations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in regard to underlying diseases and choice of premedication. According to a nationwide survey in Japan, 74% of the deaths associated with premedication were patients aged 60 years or over. Methods Subjects were 418 patients undergoing investigations of the GI tract (367 endoscopy, 51 barium contrast radiography) between October 2001 and January 2004. Age distribution peaked in the 65-69 years group, and 40% of subjects were aged 65 years and over. Using a questionnaire, each subject was interviewed prior to the investigation to determine contraindications for anticholinergic agents or glucagon preparations. To confirm the risk associated with antispasmodic agents in elderly subjects, the group was subdivided into those aged under 65 years and those aged 65 and over, and compared. Results Anticholinergic agents were contraindicated in more than 50% of subjects aged 65 years and over, and glucagon was contraindicated in 11% of subjects aged 65 years and over. The proportion of elderly subjects in whom antispasmodic agents, including anticholinergics and glucagon, were contraindicated was significantly greater than for subjects aged under 65 years. Conclusions Using a written questionnaire at the time of obtaining informed consent facilitates the identification of underlying diseases and selection of appropriate premedication.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gregersen, R. Lind, Tormod Bjørkkjaer, L. Frøyland, A. Berstad, G. Lied
Background Food hypersensitivity is a prevalent condition with poorly characterized underlying mechanisms. In the present pilot study we investigated effects of seal oil and soy oil on meal-induced symptoms and gastric accommodation in patients with subjective food hypersensitivity (FH). Single dose experiment: On three consecutive days, 10 mL of seal oil, soy oil, or saline were randomly administered into the duodenum of 10 patients with subjective FH and 10 healthy volunteers through a nasoduodenal feeding tube 10-20 minutes before the ingestion of a test meal. Short-term treatment study: 24 patients with subjective FH were randomly allocated to 10 days’ treatment with either 10 mL of seal or soy oil, self-administrated through an indwelling nasoduodenal feeding tube, 3 times daily. In both experiments meal-induced abdominal symptoms and gastric accommodation were measured by visual analogue scales and external ultrasound respectively. Results Symptoms and gastric accommodation were not significantly influenced by single doses of seal or soy oil. When given daily for 10 days, seal oil, but not soy oil, reduced total symptom scores significantly (P = 0.03). The symptomatic improvement was not associated with improvements in gastric accommodation. Conclusion Daily administration of seal oil may benefit patients with subjective FH. The beneficial effect of seal oil in patients with subjective FH can not be ascribed to improved gastric accommodation.
{"title":"Effects of Seal Oil on Meal-Induced Symptoms and Gastric Accommodation in Patients with Subjective Food Hypersensitivity: A Pilot Study","authors":"K. Gregersen, R. Lind, Tormod Bjørkkjaer, L. Frøyland, A. Berstad, G. Lied","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S1028","url":null,"abstract":"Background Food hypersensitivity is a prevalent condition with poorly characterized underlying mechanisms. In the present pilot study we investigated effects of seal oil and soy oil on meal-induced symptoms and gastric accommodation in patients with subjective food hypersensitivity (FH). Single dose experiment: On three consecutive days, 10 mL of seal oil, soy oil, or saline were randomly administered into the duodenum of 10 patients with subjective FH and 10 healthy volunteers through a nasoduodenal feeding tube 10-20 minutes before the ingestion of a test meal. Short-term treatment study: 24 patients with subjective FH were randomly allocated to 10 days’ treatment with either 10 mL of seal or soy oil, self-administrated through an indwelling nasoduodenal feeding tube, 3 times daily. In both experiments meal-induced abdominal symptoms and gastric accommodation were measured by visual analogue scales and external ultrasound respectively. Results Symptoms and gastric accommodation were not significantly influenced by single doses of seal or soy oil. When given daily for 10 days, seal oil, but not soy oil, reduced total symptom scores significantly (P = 0.03). The symptomatic improvement was not associated with improvements in gastric accommodation. Conclusion Daily administration of seal oil may benefit patients with subjective FH. The beneficial effect of seal oil in patients with subjective FH can not be ascribed to improved gastric accommodation.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Endoscopic papillectomy is a promising and challenging endoscopic intervention. The aim of this study was i) to classify the differential indication, and ii) to study the outcome in papillectomy of suspicious tumor lesions of the papilla of Vater (papilla). Methods Thirty nine patients were enrolled (22 males/17 females; range of age, 21-88 years) who underwent endoscopic papillectomy because of a polypoid tumor at the papilla revealed by previous endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) over a time period of 5 years. Follow-up EUS and histologic investigation were performed within 28 days(d). Results I) All tumors were detectable using EUS (range of tumor size, 1-4.5 cm). II) Indications, histologic diagnoses and their distribution were as follows: Group(Gr.)1 (n = 21): Adenoma (n = 18), uT1 carcinoma(Ca) of high risk patients (n = 3) with R0 resection (n = 17) vs. R1 (n = 4; all reapproached using argon beamer). On the 28th postinterventional d, all subjects were free of tumor. Recurrent tumor growth was found in 3 cases after 6, 18 and 26 months respectively (range of endoscopic follow up [n = 14], 3-60 months). Three patients (free of tumor) died from other causes after 3, 8 and 18 months, respectively. Gr. 2 (n = 8): Contradiction between EUS (infiltrating tumor growth) and histologic finding (adenoma or unspecific inflammation); histological findings were: Adenomyomatosis of the papilla (n = 5), infiltrating Ca of the papilla or peripapillary region (n = 3). Gr. 3 (n = 4): Neuroendocrine tumors of the major (n = 2) or minor papilla (n = 2): 2 benign, 1 Ca and 1 carcinoid tumor. Gr. 4 (n = 6): Non-introducible catheter through the minor papilla in case of suspected pancreas divisum (n = 2) or through the major papilla (n = 1) after previous gastric resection (Billroth II) or because of Ca of the papilla with no successful attempts to drain the bile duct (n = 3): Catheter insertion was achieved after papillectomy (n = 3) or partial tumor resection (n = 3). III) Complications: 8 of 39 patients (20.5%) developed postinterventional pancreatitis (severe course, n = 1); in 7 cases, bleeding occurred, no perforation was seen. The rate of recurrent tumor growth after R0 resection was 17.6% (3 of 17 subjects). In summary papillectomy is feasible in the case of i) polypoid tumor of the papilla, ii) infiltrating tumor growth revealed by EUS and negative histologic investigation (optional: plus deep biopsy), and iii) tumor lesion, through which catheter can not be placed to get access to the pancreatobiliary system. In conclusion endoscopic papillectomy fulfills diagnostic as well as therapeutic requirements and can be recommended as minimally invasive but appropriate method for well-defined indications of papillary tumor lesions.
{"title":"Indications and Outcome of Endoscopic Papillectomy of the Major and Minor Papilla—a Prospective 5-year Study","authors":"U. Will, P. Gottschalk, H. Bosseckert, F. Meyer","doi":"10.4137/CGast.S493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S493","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endoscopic papillectomy is a promising and challenging endoscopic intervention. The aim of this study was i) to classify the differential indication, and ii) to study the outcome in papillectomy of suspicious tumor lesions of the papilla of Vater (papilla). Methods Thirty nine patients were enrolled (22 males/17 females; range of age, 21-88 years) who underwent endoscopic papillectomy because of a polypoid tumor at the papilla revealed by previous endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) over a time period of 5 years. Follow-up EUS and histologic investigation were performed within 28 days(d). Results I) All tumors were detectable using EUS (range of tumor size, 1-4.5 cm). II) Indications, histologic diagnoses and their distribution were as follows: Group(Gr.)1 (n = 21): Adenoma (n = 18), uT1 carcinoma(Ca) of high risk patients (n = 3) with R0 resection (n = 17) vs. R1 (n = 4; all reapproached using argon beamer). On the 28th postinterventional d, all subjects were free of tumor. Recurrent tumor growth was found in 3 cases after 6, 18 and 26 months respectively (range of endoscopic follow up [n = 14], 3-60 months). Three patients (free of tumor) died from other causes after 3, 8 and 18 months, respectively. Gr. 2 (n = 8): Contradiction between EUS (infiltrating tumor growth) and histologic finding (adenoma or unspecific inflammation); histological findings were: Adenomyomatosis of the papilla (n = 5), infiltrating Ca of the papilla or peripapillary region (n = 3). Gr. 3 (n = 4): Neuroendocrine tumors of the major (n = 2) or minor papilla (n = 2): 2 benign, 1 Ca and 1 carcinoid tumor. Gr. 4 (n = 6): Non-introducible catheter through the minor papilla in case of suspected pancreas divisum (n = 2) or through the major papilla (n = 1) after previous gastric resection (Billroth II) or because of Ca of the papilla with no successful attempts to drain the bile duct (n = 3): Catheter insertion was achieved after papillectomy (n = 3) or partial tumor resection (n = 3). III) Complications: 8 of 39 patients (20.5%) developed postinterventional pancreatitis (severe course, n = 1); in 7 cases, bleeding occurred, no perforation was seen. The rate of recurrent tumor growth after R0 resection was 17.6% (3 of 17 subjects). In summary papillectomy is feasible in the case of i) polypoid tumor of the papilla, ii) infiltrating tumor growth revealed by EUS and negative histologic investigation (optional: plus deep biopsy), and iii) tumor lesion, through which catheter can not be placed to get access to the pancreatobiliary system. In conclusion endoscopic papillectomy fulfills diagnostic as well as therapeutic requirements and can be recommended as minimally invasive but appropriate method for well-defined indications of papillary tumor lesions.","PeriodicalId":10382,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Gastroenterology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CGast.S493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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