Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-74
I. Warneboldt, F. Szmytka, I. Raoult, Y. Marco, V. L. Saux, P. Charrier, C. Champy, W. Hervouet
: Automotive anti-vibration parts undergo complex and multi-directional fatigue loadings, which must be considered and fi nally validated in their design phase. Some parts have to endure Road Load Data (RLD) test-loads (i.e. stochastic signals, representative for the actual service conditions of a part), mean-while being already pre-charged by a constant load e.g. by the engine mass or by swaging. These conditions might result in positive minimal load values. For natural rubber, it is well known that this leads to material reinforcement which is usually related to strain induced crystallization. The reinforcement effect is well studied and illustrated in the so-called Haigh diagram by various previous studies of uni-axial tension tests Cad-well et al. 1940, Champy et al. 2015). However, to be able to determine a mean-load correction factor for a part or a specimen under complex stochastic loads, the concept of the Haigh diagram must be extended to various complex and multi-axial test conditions. It is crucial for its fundamental understanding to perform a dedicated experimental test campaign on specimens under different complex periodic loading cycles. Such fatigue tests are conducted on hourglass-shaped natural rubber specimens, loaded by coupled and aligned tension and torsion actuators, which permits to induce numerous complex load states. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to determine the respective local mechanical state in the rubber specimens. Different strain, biaxiality ratio and critical plane orientation histories over a loading cycle are achieved in different test series. Finally, the number of cycles to crack-initiation and the fi nal fracture surfaces are carefully analyzed using an optical microscope and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results are then compared with the outcomes of non-relaxing fatigue tests in simple tension and torsion with the same specimens
汽车减振部件承受复杂的多向疲劳载荷，在设计阶段必须考虑并最终验证。有些部件必须承受道路载荷数据(RLD)测试载荷(即随机信号，代表部件的实际使用条件)，同时已经被恒定载荷(例如发动机质量或摇晃)预先充电。这些条件可能导致正的最小负载值。对于天然橡胶，众所周知，这会导致材料增强，这通常与应变诱导结晶有关。之前的各种单轴拉伸试验研究(Cad-well et al. 1940, Champy et al. 2015)在所谓的Haigh图中对钢筋效应进行了很好的研究和说明。然而，为了确定复杂随机载荷作用下的零件或试件的平均载荷修正系数，必须将海格图的概念推广到各种复杂和多轴试验条件下。在不同的复杂周期加载循环下对试件进行专门的实验测试，对其基本认识至关重要。这种疲劳试验是在沙漏形天然橡胶试样上进行的，由耦合和排列的张力和扭转致动器加载，允许诱导许多复杂的载荷状态。有限元分析(FEA)用于确定橡胶试件各自的局部力学状态。在不同的试验系列中，获得了不同的加载周期应变、双轴比和临界平面取向历史。最后，利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)仔细分析了裂纹萌生的循环次数和最终断口。并将试验结果与同一试件单拉、单扭非松弛疲劳试验结果进行了比较
{"title":"Multiaxial fatigue under complex non-relaxing loads","authors":"I. Warneboldt, F. Szmytka, I. Raoult, Y. Marco, V. L. Saux, P. Charrier, C. Champy, W. Hervouet","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-74","url":null,"abstract":": Automotive anti-vibration parts undergo complex and multi-directional fatigue loadings, which must be considered and fi nally validated in their design phase. Some parts have to endure Road Load Data (RLD) test-loads (i.e. stochastic signals, representative for the actual service conditions of a part), mean-while being already pre-charged by a constant load e.g. by the engine mass or by swaging. These conditions might result in positive minimal load values. For natural rubber, it is well known that this leads to material reinforcement which is usually related to strain induced crystallization. The reinforcement effect is well studied and illustrated in the so-called Haigh diagram by various previous studies of uni-axial tension tests Cad-well et al. 1940, Champy et al. 2015). However, to be able to determine a mean-load correction factor for a part or a specimen under complex stochastic loads, the concept of the Haigh diagram must be extended to various complex and multi-axial test conditions. It is crucial for its fundamental understanding to perform a dedicated experimental test campaign on specimens under different complex periodic loading cycles. Such fatigue tests are conducted on hourglass-shaped natural rubber specimens, loaded by coupled and aligned tension and torsion actuators, which permits to induce numerous complex load states. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to determine the respective local mechanical state in the rubber specimens. Different strain, biaxiality ratio and critical plane orientation histories over a loading cycle are achieved in different test series. Finally, the number of cycles to crack-initiation and the fi nal fracture surfaces are carefully analyzed using an optical microscope and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results are then compared with the outcomes of non-relaxing fatigue tests in simple tension and torsion with the same specimens","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76059325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-25
T. Nam, I. Petríková, B. Marvalová
{"title":"Experimental and numerical research of dynamic mechanical properties of magneto-sensitive elastomeric composites","authors":"T. Nam, I. Petríková, B. Marvalová","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72975398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-72
P. Loew, B. Peters, L. Beex
{"title":"Fatigue phase-field damage modeling of rubber","authors":"P. Loew, B. Peters, L. Beex","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-94
David Roucou, J. Diani, M. Brieu, A. Mbiakop-Ngassa
{"title":"Impact of strain-induced softening on the fracture of a carbon-black filled styrene butadiene rubber","authors":"David Roucou, J. Diani, M. Brieu, A. Mbiakop-Ngassa","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84349289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Loos, A. Aydoğdu, A. Lion, M. Johlitz, J. Calipel
{"title":"Constitutive modelling of strain-induced crystallisation in rubber","authors":"K. Loos, A. Aydoğdu, A. Lion, M. Johlitz, J. Calipel","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85896030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-100
D. Beurle, M. André, U. Nackenhorst, R. Desmorat
{"title":"Micro-mechanically based modelling of homogeneous ageing of elastomers","authors":"D. Beurle, M. André, U. Nackenhorst, R. Desmorat","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85951430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-82
B. Omnès, P. Heuillet, M. Langlois
{"title":"Mechanical behaviour of elastomer and damages under high hydrostatic pressure: Sealing application","authors":"B. Omnès, P. Heuillet, M. Langlois","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89414171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-32
Rebecca Jennrich, A. Lion, M. Johlitz, Sarah Ernst, E. Stammen
{"title":"Characterizing the viscoelastic behavior of an elastomer adhesive while considering the influence of the curing process","authors":"Rebecca Jennrich, A. Lion, M. Johlitz, Sarah Ernst, E. Stammen","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"435 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88390680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-91
T. Corre, M. Coret, E. Verron, B. Leblé
{"title":"Dynamic crack growth in elastomers: Experimental energetic analysis","authors":"T. Corre, M. Coret, E. Verron, B. Leblé","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81310095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.1201/9780429324710-31
J. Cugliari, A. Lang, M. Klüppel, J. Meier, M. Giustiniano, P. Agoretti
{"title":"Advanced experimental investigation of rubber indentation during sliding friction","authors":"J. Cugliari, A. Lang, M. Klüppel, J. Meier, M. Giustiniano, P. Agoretti","doi":"10.1201/9780429324710-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429324710-31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10574,"journal":{"name":"Constitutive Models for Rubber XI","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79934697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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