New capabilities in web browser JavaScript implementations including networking, improved graphics performance, and improved speed allow the implementation of Networked Virtual Environments (NVEs) inside the web browser. An NVE can be written in JavaScript, which enables deployment in the enterprise entirely from a web server without the use of browser plugins. We discuss one implementation of this idea using X3DOM, an open-source implementation of the X3D standard written in JavaScript. The Open-DIS library for the IEEE Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network protocol is used to create a partial implementation of the X3D standard's DIS profile. Mechanisms for using the X3D DIS Profile DISEntityTypeMapping and DISEntityManager to enable run-time discovery and launching of new entities are discussed. Measurements of the capabilities and performance aspects of Websockets for network transport demonstrate excellent results.
{"title":"X3D distributed interactive simulation (DIS) implementation and run-time discovery of new entities using X3DOM","authors":"D. McGregor, Byron R. Harder, D. Brutzman","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775318","url":null,"abstract":"New capabilities in web browser JavaScript implementations including networking, improved graphics performance, and improved speed allow the implementation of Networked Virtual Environments (NVEs) inside the web browser. An NVE can be written in JavaScript, which enables deployment in the enterprise entirely from a web server without the use of browser plugins. We discuss one implementation of this idea using X3DOM, an open-source implementation of the X3D standard written in JavaScript. The Open-DIS library for the IEEE Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network protocol is used to create a partial implementation of the X3D standard's DIS profile. Mechanisms for using the X3D DIS Profile DISEntityTypeMapping and DISEntityManager to enable run-time discovery and launching of new entities are discussed. Measurements of the capabilities and performance aspects of Websockets for network transport demonstrate excellent results.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115306499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we describe a chain of steps to produce X3D city models based on transformation and integration of urban 3D CityGML models with DTM tiles, orthophotos and energy simulation outcome of energy demand and photovoltaic potential generated by the SimStadt platform.
{"title":"An integration of urban spatial data with energy simulation to produce X3D city models: the case of Landkreis Ludwigsburg","authors":"A. Koukofikis, V. Coors","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775325","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe a chain of steps to produce X3D city models based on transformation and integration of urban 3D CityGML models with DTM tiles, orthophotos and energy simulation outcome of energy demand and photovoltaic potential generated by the SimStadt platform.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122318166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Macq, Patrice Rondao-Alface, Mireia Montañola Sales
The potential of 3D printing to revolutionize manufacturing is becoming today a reality. Also referred to a class of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, 3D printing enables mass customization and manufacturing of device components, parts of houses, human organs and even food. It reduces production costs, manufacturing time, and necessary storage space. Due to this success, the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for 3D printed models raises increased concerns. Among technologies enabling copyright protection, traitor tracing and authentication, 3D watermarking has received a lot of interest from the research community in the context of 3D digital models. In this paper we give an overview of the state of the art of 3D digital watermarking and we assess how it could be extended for ensuring the IPR protection of printed 3D models. By considering 3D printing and scanning as an attack, we evaluate the potential of state-of-the-art watermarking techniques to provide both robust protection and also high fidelity as the introduced shape perturbations should not impair the mechanical properties or functionalities of the printed 3D model.
{"title":"Applicability of watermarking for intellectual property rights protection in a 3D printing scenario","authors":"B. Macq, Patrice Rondao-Alface, Mireia Montañola Sales","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775313","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of 3D printing to revolutionize manufacturing is becoming today a reality. Also referred to a class of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, 3D printing enables mass customization and manufacturing of device components, parts of houses, human organs and even food. It reduces production costs, manufacturing time, and necessary storage space. Due to this success, the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for 3D printed models raises increased concerns. Among technologies enabling copyright protection, traitor tracing and authentication, 3D watermarking has received a lot of interest from the research community in the context of 3D digital models. In this paper we give an overview of the state of the art of 3D digital watermarking and we assess how it could be extended for ensuring the IPR protection of printed 3D models. By considering 3D printing and scanning as an attack, we evaluate the potential of state-of-the-art watermarking techniques to provide both robust protection and also high fidelity as the introduced shape perturbations should not impair the mechanical properties or functionalities of the printed 3D model.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"767 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117033318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a hybrid 3D modeling and rendering approach called SPLASH to combine the modeling flexibility and robustness of SPLAts together with the rendering simplicity and maturity of meSHes. Together with this novel SPLASH concept, we also propose a system turning a 3D point cloud, obtained for example through an SfM (Structure from Motion) approach, into a multi-textured hybrid 3D model whose shape is described by a triangle mesh plus a collection of elliptical splats.
我们提出了一种称为SPLASH的混合3D建模和渲染方法，将splat的建模灵活性和鲁棒性与网格的渲染简单性和成熟度相结合。结合这一新颖的SPLASH概念，我们还提出了一种系统，将例如通过SfM (Structure from Motion)方法获得的3D点云转化为多纹理混合3D模型，其形状由三角形网格和椭圆条纹的集合来描述。
{"title":"SPLASH: a hybrid 3D modeling/rendering approach mixing splats and meshes","authors":"R. Pagés, Sergio García, Daniel Berjón, F. Morán","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775320","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a hybrid 3D modeling and rendering approach called SPLASH to combine the modeling flexibility and robustness of SPLAts together with the rendering simplicity and maturity of meSHes. Together with this novel SPLASH concept, we also propose a system turning a 3D point cloud, obtained for example through an SfM (Structure from Motion) approach, into a multi-textured hybrid 3D model whose shape is described by a triangle mesh plus a collection of elliptical splats.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121610799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Onrust, Rafael Bidarra, Robert Rooseboom, J. Koppel
Interactive 3D visualization of natural environments can help ecologists, policy makers and the broad public in general to better understand, promote and protect both existing and developing environments. The creation and exploration of virtual worlds can be very helpful for this purpose. However, current techniques are neither able to generate sound natural environments from ecological data nor do they provide web-based visualizations at interactive rates of such detailed ecological systems. In this paper, we approach the challenge of developing and interactively visualizing in real time ecologically accurate and visually convincing models of complex natural environments over the web. For this, we propose a framework that (i) is able to combine landscape maps and ecological statistical data, translating them to an ecologically sound plant distribution, and (ii) creates a detailed 3D representation of the natural environment and provides for its fully interactive visualization in real-time over the web. The main contribution of our research consists of the real-time web-based visualization of complete and visually convincing natural environments with their high density and variability of individual organisms. The vegetation model combines and improves techniques from procedural ecosystem generation and neutral landscape modeling. It is able to generate diverse ecological sound plant distribution directly from landscape maps with statistics about coverage and patchiness of plant species. The visualization model uses several existing level-of-detail and illumination techniques to achieve interactive frame rates and improve realism. From the validation of the results with ecology experts we conclude that our framework provides very convincing interactive visualizations of large virtual natural environments.
{"title":"Procedural generation and interactive web visualization of natural environments","authors":"B. Onrust, Rafael Bidarra, Robert Rooseboom, J. Koppel","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775306","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive 3D visualization of natural environments can help ecologists, policy makers and the broad public in general to better understand, promote and protect both existing and developing environments. The creation and exploration of virtual worlds can be very helpful for this purpose. However, current techniques are neither able to generate sound natural environments from ecological data nor do they provide web-based visualizations at interactive rates of such detailed ecological systems. In this paper, we approach the challenge of developing and interactively visualizing in real time ecologically accurate and visually convincing models of complex natural environments over the web. For this, we propose a framework that (i) is able to combine landscape maps and ecological statistical data, translating them to an ecologically sound plant distribution, and (ii) creates a detailed 3D representation of the natural environment and provides for its fully interactive visualization in real-time over the web. The main contribution of our research consists of the real-time web-based visualization of complete and visually convincing natural environments with their high density and variability of individual organisms. The vegetation model combines and improves techniques from procedural ecosystem generation and neutral landscape modeling. It is able to generate diverse ecological sound plant distribution directly from landscape maps with statistics about coverage and patchiness of plant species. The visualization model uses several existing level-of-detail and illumination techniques to achieve interactive frame rates and improve realism. From the validation of the results with ecology experts we conclude that our framework provides very convincing interactive visualizations of large virtual natural environments.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123931208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient transmission of 3D data to Web clients and mobile applications remains a challenge due to limited bandwidth. Most of the research focus in the context of mesh compression has been on improving compression ratio. However, in this context the use of Javascript on the Web and low power CPUS in mobile applications led to critical computational costs. Progressive decoding improves the user experience by providing a simplified version of the model that refines with time, and it's able to mask latency. Current approaches do so at very poor compression rates or at additional computational cost. The need for better performing algorithms is especially evident with this class of methods where Limper [Limper et al. 2013b] demonstrated how decoding time becomes a limiting factor even at moderately low bandwidths. In this paper we present a novel multi-resolution WebGL based rendering algorithm which combines progressive loading, view-dependent resolution and mesh compression, providing high frame rates and a decoding speed of million of triangles per second in Javascript. This method is parallelizable, robust to non-manifold meshes, and scalable to very large models.
{"title":"Fast decompression for web-based view-dependent 3D rendering","authors":"F. Ponchio, M. Dellepiane","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775308","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient transmission of 3D data to Web clients and mobile applications remains a challenge due to limited bandwidth. Most of the research focus in the context of mesh compression has been on improving compression ratio. However, in this context the use of Javascript on the Web and low power CPUS in mobile applications led to critical computational costs. Progressive decoding improves the user experience by providing a simplified version of the model that refines with time, and it's able to mask latency. Current approaches do so at very poor compression rates or at additional computational cost. The need for better performing algorithms is especially evident with this class of methods where Limper [Limper et al. 2013b] demonstrated how decoding time becomes a limiting factor even at moderately low bandwidths. In this paper we present a novel multi-resolution WebGL based rendering algorithm which combines progressive loading, view-dependent resolution and mesh compression, providing high frame rates and a decoding speed of million of triangles per second in Javascript. This method is parallelizable, robust to non-manifold meshes, and scalable to very large models.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122773464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart TV systems are becoming increasingly popular. New and more powerful models are being released, while more units are being sold every year, gaining an ever-expanding user base. One of the standard features of these devices is the Internet connectivity and the ability to browse the worldwide web. In this study we explore the possibilities of viewing 3D web content on Smart TV systems. A system architecture is proposed for maximum compatibility of web applications that utilize 3D features. Initial results, show that real-time Web 3D is now possible on Smart TVs, although in an experimental stage, but the proposed model can solve compatibility problems, even on older devices, by using a fallback strategy for unsupported features, enabling the development of cross-platform 3D applications.
{"title":"A proposed model for cross-platform web 3D applications on smart TV systems","authors":"Emmanouil Perakakis, G. Ghinea","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2778303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2778303","url":null,"abstract":"Smart TV systems are becoming increasingly popular. New and more powerful models are being released, while more units are being sold every year, gaining an ever-expanding user base. One of the standard features of these devices is the Internet connectivity and the ability to browse the worldwide web. In this study we explore the possibilities of viewing 3D web content on Smart TV systems. A system architecture is proposed for maximum compatibility of web applications that utilize 3D features. Initial results, show that real-time Web 3D is now possible on Smart TVs, although in an experimental stage, but the proposed model can solve compatibility problems, even on older devices, by using a fallback strategy for unsupported features, enabling the development of cross-platform 3D applications.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133538274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel open source web-based 3D version control system positioned directly within the context of the recent strategic plan for digitising the construction sector in the United Kingdom. The aim is to achieve reduction of cost and carbon emissions in the built environment by up to 20% simply by properly managing digital information and 3D models. Even though previous works in the field concentrated mainly on defining novel WebGL frameworks and later on the efficiency of 3D data delivery over the Internet, there is still the emerging need for a practical solution that would provide ubiquitous access to 3D assets, whether it is for large international enterprises or individual members of the general public. We have, therefore, developed a novel platform leveraging the latest open web-based technologies such as AngularJS and X3DOM in order to define an industrial-strength collaborative cloud hosting service 3drepo.io. Firstly, we introduce the work and outline the high-level system architecture as well as improvements in relation to previous work. Next, we describe database and front-end considerations with emphasis on scalability and enhanced security. Finally, we present several performance measurement experiments and a selection of real-life industrial use cases. We conclude that jQuery provides performance benefits over AngularJS when manipulating large scene graphs in web browsers.
{"title":"3drepo.io: building the next generation Web3D repository with AngularJS and X3DOM","authors":"Timothy Scully, J. Dobos, Timo Sturm, Yvonne Jung","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775312","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel open source web-based 3D version control system positioned directly within the context of the recent strategic plan for digitising the construction sector in the United Kingdom. The aim is to achieve reduction of cost and carbon emissions in the built environment by up to 20% simply by properly managing digital information and 3D models. Even though previous works in the field concentrated mainly on defining novel WebGL frameworks and later on the efficiency of 3D data delivery over the Internet, there is still the emerging need for a practical solution that would provide ubiquitous access to 3D assets, whether it is for large international enterprises or individual members of the general public. We have, therefore, developed a novel platform leveraging the latest open web-based technologies such as AngularJS and X3DOM in order to define an industrial-strength collaborative cloud hosting service 3drepo.io. Firstly, we introduce the work and outline the high-level system architecture as well as improvements in relation to previous work. Next, we describe database and front-end considerations with emphasis on scalability and enhanced security. Finally, we present several performance measurement experiments and a selection of real-life industrial use cases. We conclude that jQuery provides performance benefits over AngularJS when manipulating large scene graphs in web browsers.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116741962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finian Mwalongo, M. Krone, M. Becher, G. Reina, T. Ertl
Visualization of dynamic data from molecular dynamics simulations is crucial for understanding the functioning of molecules. Many existing visualization tools have mainly focused on supporting a single user working on a desktop computer. Technical advancements in browser features increase the potential for the development of web-based collaborative visualization tools. Although web-based molecular viewers already exist, their support for dynamic molecular data at interactive rates is lacking. To address this gap, we present an efficient web application for visualization of dynamic molecular data using WebGL that exploits HTML5 technologies like WebSockets and Web Workers. We demonstrate the feasibility to visualize large dynamic molecular data in the browser at interactive frame rates. Moreover, the application can be employed for remote simulation monitoring on mobile devices. Our approach allows scientists at arbitrary locations to concurrently visually analyze the same data. The interactive parametrization of the visualization can be shared among multiple clients, providing the basis for collaborative research.
{"title":"Remote visualization of dynamic molecular data using WebGL","authors":"Finian Mwalongo, M. Krone, M. Becher, G. Reina, T. Ertl","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775307","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization of dynamic data from molecular dynamics simulations is crucial for understanding the functioning of molecules. Many existing visualization tools have mainly focused on supporting a single user working on a desktop computer. Technical advancements in browser features increase the potential for the development of web-based collaborative visualization tools. Although web-based molecular viewers already exist, their support for dynamic molecular data at interactive rates is lacking. To address this gap, we present an efficient web application for visualization of dynamic molecular data using WebGL that exploits HTML5 technologies like WebSockets and Web Workers. We demonstrate the feasibility to visualize large dynamic molecular data in the browser at interactive frame rates. Moreover, the application can be employed for remote simulation monitoring on mobile devices. Our approach allows scientists at arbitrary locations to concurrently visually analyze the same data. The interactive parametrization of the visualization can be shared among multiple clients, providing the basis for collaborative research.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116091094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kuijk, K. C. Apostolakis, P. Daras, Brian Ravenet, Haolin Wei, David S. Monaghan
In this paper, we describe the enactment of autonomous agents and avatars in the web-based social collaborative virtual environment of REVERIE that supports natural, human-like behavior, physical interaction and engagement. Represented by avatars, users feel immersed in this virtual world in which they can meet and share experiences as in real life. Like the avatars, autonomous agents that may act in this world are capable of demonstrating human-like non-verbal behavior and facilitate social interaction. We describe how reasoning components of the REVERIE system connect and cooperatively control autonomous agents and avatars representing a user.
{"title":"Autonomous agents and avatars in REVERIE's virtual environment","authors":"F. Kuijk, K. C. Apostolakis, P. Daras, Brian Ravenet, Haolin Wei, David S. Monaghan","doi":"10.1145/2775292.2775305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775305","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the enactment of autonomous agents and avatars in the web-based social collaborative virtual environment of REVERIE that supports natural, human-like behavior, physical interaction and engagement. Represented by avatars, users feel immersed in this virtual world in which they can meet and share experiences as in real life. Like the avatars, autonomous agents that may act in this world are capable of demonstrating human-like non-verbal behavior and facilitate social interaction. We describe how reasoning components of the REVERIE system connect and cooperatively control autonomous agents and avatars representing a user.","PeriodicalId":105857,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125958078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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