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Proceedings. 3rd IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (Cat. No.98EX122)最新文献

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Jedi: extracting and synthesizing information from the Web 绝地武士:从网络中提取和合成信息
G. Huck, Péter Fankhauser, K. Aberer, E. Neuhold
Jedi (Java based Extraction and Dissemination of Information) is a lightweight tool for the creation of wrappers and mediators to extract, combine, and reconcile information from several independent information sources. For wrappers it uses attributed grammars, which are evaluated with a fault-tolerant parsing strategy to cope with ambiguous grammars and irregular sources. For mediation it uses a simple generic object-model that can be extended with Java-libraries for specific models such as HTML, XML or the relational model. This paper describes the architecture of Jedi, and then focuses on Jedi's wrapper generator.
Jedi(基于Java的信息提取和传播)是一种轻量级工具,用于创建包装器和中介器,以从几个独立的信息源中提取、组合和协调信息。对于包装器,它使用带有属性的语法,这些语法使用容错解析策略进行评估,以处理模糊语法和不规则源。对于中介,它使用一个简单的通用对象模型,该模型可以使用针对特定模型(如HTML、XML或关系模型)的java库进行扩展。本文介绍了Jedi的体系结构,然后重点介绍了Jedi的包装器生成器。
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引用次数: 162
A study of least privilege in CapBasED-AMS 基于caped - ams的最小特权研究
P. Hung, K. Karlapalem, J. W. Gray
Workflow systems are becoming very popular and are being used to support many of the day to day activities in large organizations. One of the major problems with workflow systems is that they often use heterogeneous and distributed hardware and software systems to execute a given activity. This gives rise to decentralized security policies and mechanisms, which, in order to enable activity execution, give too many privileges to agents (humans or systems) for executing the work. We develop the concept of least privilege, wherein the set of agents are given just enough privileges to complete the given activities. We develop our concepts in the context of CapBasED-AMS (Capability-based and Event-driven Activity Management System). CapBasED-AMS deals with the management and execution of activities. An activity consists of multiple inter-dependent tasks (atomic activities, each executed by a single agent) that need to be coordinated, scheduled and executed by a set of agents. We formalize the concept of least privilege and present algorithms to statically assign least privilege assignment to the agents. We develop the concept of dynamic least privilege enforcement, wherein an agent is given its privileges only during the duration of the task for which those privileges were assigned. Finally, we introduce a metric, security risk factor and use it to evaluate the trade-off between least privilege and resilience to agent failure.
工作流系统正变得非常流行,并被用于支持大型组织中的许多日常活动。工作流系统的一个主要问题是,它们经常使用异构和分布式的硬件和软件系统来执行给定的活动。这就产生了分散的安全策略和机制,为了支持活动的执行,这些策略和机制为执行工作的代理(人类或系统)提供了太多的特权。我们提出了最小特权的概念,其中一组代理被赋予了完成给定活动所需的足够特权。我们在CapBasED-AMS(基于能力和事件驱动的活动管理系统)的背景下开发我们的概念。CapBasED-AMS处理活动的管理和执行。一个活动由多个相互依赖的任务(原子活动,每个由单个代理执行)组成,这些任务需要由一组代理进行协调、调度和执行。我们形式化了最小特权的概念,并给出了静态分配最小特权给代理的算法。我们提出了动态最小特权强制的概念,其中代理仅在分配特权的任务期间才被赋予特权。最后,我们引入了一个度量,即安全风险因子,并用它来评估最小特权和代理故障弹性之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 15
Context mediation on Wall Street 华尔街的语境调解
A. Moulton, S. Madnick, M. Siegel
The paper reports on a practical implementation of a context mediator for the fixed income securities industry. The authors describe industry circumstances and the data and calculation services (DCS) mediator developed and deployed in the early 1990s. The mediator was designed as an interpretive engine controlled by a static declarative knowledge structure and client preference data. In addition to heterogeneous, autonomous data sources, the mediator integrated autonomously developed local and remote procedural components. Client access to both data and computational resources were provided through an active conceptual model. Structural and semantic context conversions were used to integrate disparate components and to support varying client needs. Lessons learned from the implementation and usage of this mediator provide insight into the requirements for a successful context mediator.
本文报告了固定收益证券行业情境中介的实际实现。作者描述了20世纪90年代初开发和部署的行业环境和数据与计算服务(DCS)中介。中介被设计成一个由静态声明性知识结构和客户偏好数据控制的解释引擎。除了异构的自治数据源之外,中介还集成了自主开发的本地和远程过程组件。客户端对数据和计算资源的访问是通过一个活动概念模型提供的。结构和语义上下文转换用于集成不同的组件并支持不同的客户机需求。从该中介的实现和使用中吸取的经验教训可以让您深入了解成功的上下文中介的需求。
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引用次数: 16
Information services for the Web: building and maintaining domain models Web的信息服务:构建和维护领域模型
A. Gal, Scott Kerr, J. Mylopoulos
The World Wide Web is serving as a leading vehicle for information dissemination by offering information services, such as product information, group interactions, or sales transactions. Three major factors affect the performance and reliability of information services for the Web: the distribution of information which has resulted from the globalization of information systems, the heterogeneity of information sources, and the sources' instability caused by their autonomous evolution. This paper focuses on integrating existing information sources, available via the Web, in the delivery of information services. The primary objective of the paper is to provide mechanisms for structuring and maintaining a domain model for Web applications. These mechanisms are based on conceptual modeling techniques, where concepts are being defined and refined within a meta-data repository through the use of instantiation, generalization and attribution. Also, active databases techniques are exploited to provide robust mechanisms for maintaining a consistent domain model in a rapidly evolving environment, such as the Web.
万维网通过提供信息服务,如产品信息、群体互动或销售交易,成为信息传播的主要载体。影响Web信息服务性能和可靠性的主要因素有三个:信息系统全球化所导致的信息分布、信息源的异构性以及信息源自主演化所导致的不稳定性。本文的重点是在信息服务的交付中集成通过Web提供的现有信息源。本文的主要目标是为Web应用程序提供构建和维护领域模型的机制。这些机制基于概念建模技术,其中概念通过使用实例化、泛化和归因在元数据存储库中定义和细化。此外,还利用活动数据库技术提供健壮的机制,以便在快速发展的环境(如Web)中维护一致的域模型。
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引用次数: 13
OMS Connect: supporting multidatabase and mobile working through database connectivity OMS Connect:通过数据库连接,支持多数据库和移动办公
M. Norrie, Alexios Palinginis, Alain Würgler
The authors present a general model of database connectivity for the controlled sharing and migration of information across databases as supported in the object-oriented database management system OMS Connect. A database may connect to one or more other databases, thereby enabling remote data to be viewed, processed and copied within the local database in such a way that consistency of the user working space can be maintained. Further the objects of the remote database may be extended locally with attributes and methods and additional classifications. Importantly, operation of the local database is not dependent on such a connection and remote objects may be replicated locally with explicit synchronisation points, thus making the system suitable for mobile computing.
作者提出了一个通用的数据库连接模型,用于在面向对象的数据库管理系统OMS Connect中支持的跨数据库的受控共享和信息迁移。一个数据库可以连接到一个或多个其他数据库,从而能够在本地数据库内查看、处理和复制远程数据,从而保持用户工作空间的一致性。此外,远程数据库的对象可以通过属性和方法以及其他分类在本地进行扩展。重要的是,本地数据库的操作不依赖于这样的连接,远程对象可以通过明确的同步点在本地复制,从而使系统适合移动计算。
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引用次数: 8
Reducing the blocking in two-phase commit protocol employing backup sites 减少采用备份站点的两阶段提交协议中的阻塞
P. K. Reddy, M. Kitsuregawa
In distributed database systems (DDBSs), a transaction blocks during two-phase commit (2PC) processing if the coordinator site fails and at the same time some participant site has declared itself ready to commit the transaction. The blocking phenomena reduces availability of the system since the blocked transactions keep all the resources until they receive the final command from the coordinator after its recovery. To remove the blocking problem in 2PC protocol, the three phase commit (3PC) protocol was proposed. Although 3PC protocol eliminates the blocking problem, it involves an extra round of message transmission, which further degrades the performance of DDBSs. We propose a backup commit (BC) protocol by including a backup phase to 2PC protocol. In this, one backup site is attached to each coordinator site. After receiving responses from all participants in the first phase, the coordinator communicates its decision only to its backup site in the backup phase. Afterwards, it sends a final decision to participants. When blocking occurs due to the failure of the coordinator site, the participant sites consult the coordinator's backup site and follow termination protocols. In this way, BC protocol achieves a non-blocking property in most of the coordinator site failures. However, in the worst case, the blocking can occur in BC protocol when both the coordinator and its backup site fail simultaneously. If such a rare case occurs, the participants wait until the recovery of either the coordinator site or the backup site. BC protocol suits DDBS environments in which sites fail frequently and messages take longer delivery time. Through simulation experiments it is shown that BC protocol exhibits superior throughput and response time performance over 3PC protocol and performs closely with 2PC protocol.
在分布式数据库系统(ddbms)中,如果协调器站点失败,同时某些参与站点声明自己已准备好提交事务,则事务在两阶段提交(2PC)处理期间会阻塞。阻塞现象降低了系统的可用性,因为阻塞的事务保留所有资源,直到它们在协调器恢复后收到协调器的最终命令。为了解决2PC协议中的阻塞问题,提出了3PC (three phase commit)协议。虽然3PC协议消除了阻塞问题,但它涉及到额外的一轮消息传输,这进一步降低了dbss的性能。我们提出了一种备份提交(BC)协议,通过在2PC协议中包含一个备份阶段。在这种情况下,一个备份站点连接到每个协调器站点。在第一阶段接收到所有参与者的响应后,协调器仅在备份阶段将其决策传达给其备份站点。之后,它将最终决定发送给参与者。当由于协调器站点故障而发生阻塞时,参与站点将咨询协调器的备份站点并遵循终止协议。通过这种方式,BC协议在大多数协调器站点故障中实现了非阻塞特性。然而,在最坏的情况下,当协调器及其备份站点同时发生故障时,阻塞可能会发生在BC协议中。如果发生这种罕见的情况,参与者将等待,直到协调器站点或备份站点恢复。BC协议适用于站点故障频繁、消息传递时间较长的DDBS环境。仿真实验表明,BC协议具有优于3PC协议的吞吐量和响应时间性能,与2PC协议性能接近。
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引用次数: 33
A meta-wrapper for scaling up to multiple autonomous distributed information sources 用于扩展到多个自治分布式信息源的元包装器
Maria-Esther Vidal, L. Raschid, J. Gruser
Current mediator and wrapper architectures do not have the flexibility to scale to multiple wrapped sources, where some sources may be redundant, and some sources may provide incomplete answers to a query. We propose a meta-wrapper component which is capable of handling multiple wrapped sources, in a particular domain, where the multiple sources provide related information. The meta-wrapper makes these sources transparent to the mediator and provides a single meta-wrapper interface for all these sources. Source descriptions specify the content and query capability of the sources. These are used to determine the meta-wrapper interface and to decide which queries from a mediator can be accepted. Sources are partitioned into equivalence classes, based on their descriptions. These equivalence classes are partially ordered, and the lattices that correspond to these orderings are used to identify the relevant sources for a query submitted by the mediator. If there is redundancy of the sources, the meta-wrapper identifies alternate sources for the query. A meta-wrapper cost model is then used to select among alternate relevant sources and choose the best plan.
当前的中介和包装器体系结构不具备扩展到多个包装源的灵活性,其中有些源可能是冗余的,有些源可能为查询提供不完整的答案。我们提出了一个元包装器组件,它能够在特定领域中处理多个包装源,其中多个源提供相关信息。元包装器使这些源对中介透明,并为所有这些源提供单个元包装器接口。源描述指定源的内容和查询能力。它们用于确定元包装器接口,并决定可以接受来自中介的哪些查询。根据源的描述,源被划分为等价类。这些等价类是部分排序的,与这些排序相对应的格用于标识中介提交的查询的相关源。如果源存在冗余,则元包装器为查询标识备用源。然后使用元包装器成本模型在可选的相关来源中进行选择,并选择最佳计划。
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引用次数: 29
A dynamic and adaptive cache retrieval scheme for mobile computing systems 移动计算系统的动态自适应缓存检索方案
Wen-Chih Peng, Ming-Syan Chen
Recent advances in wireless technologies have made the mobile computing a reality. In order to provide services of good quality to mobile users and improve the system performance, the mobile computing system is usually of a distributed server architecture. As users move to a new service area, the new server is expected to take over the execution of running programs for mobile users so as to reduce the communication overhead of the mobile system. This procedure is referred to as service handoff. Note that when service handoff occurs, the cache of the new sewer does not contain any data entry that was accessed by prior transactions and the new server will thus lose its advantages for cache access. To remedy this, the authors examine several cache retrieval schemes to improve the efficiency of cache retrieval. In particular they analyze the impact of using a coordinator buffer to improve the overall performance of cache retrieval. Moreover, in light of the properties of transactions (i.e., temporal locality of data access among transactions), they devise a dynamic and adaptive cache retrieval scheme (DAR) that can adopt proper cache methods based on some specific criteria devised to deal with the service handoff situation in a mobile computing environment. The performance of these cache retrieval schemes is analyzed and a system simulator is developed to validate the results.
无线技术的最新进展使移动计算成为现实。为了向移动用户提供高质量的服务,提高系统性能,移动计算系统通常采用分布式服务器架构。当用户迁移到新的服务区域时,新的服务器有望接管移动用户运行程序的执行,从而降低移动系统的通信开销。这个过程称为服务切换。请注意,当服务切换发生时,新下水道的缓存不包含先前事务访问过的任何数据条目,因此新服务器将失去缓存访问的优势。为了解决这个问题,作者研究了几种缓存检索方案来提高缓存检索的效率。他们特别分析了使用协调器缓冲区对提高缓存检索的整体性能的影响。此外,根据事务的特性(即事务间数据访问的时间局部性),他们设计了一种动态和自适应的缓存检索方案(DAR),该方案可以根据一些特定的标准采用适当的缓存方法来处理移动计算环境中的服务切换情况。分析了这些缓存检索方案的性能,并开发了一个系统模拟器来验证结果。
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引用次数: 10
Management of work in progress in relational information systems 在关系信息系统中管理正在进行的工作
R. Ahmed, U. Dayal
In many complex applications, there is a need to manage work-in-progress. Typically, this requires that each user has a private and non-volatile workspace, in which multiple pieces of work are finished and stored before it is appropriate for these data changes to be made globally accessible to other users. These requirements reflect current work practices in paper-based systems, which ensure security, persistence, privacy and accountability for work-in-progress. This paper describes a technique for implementing work-in-progress that requires no extensions to existing relational database management systems. The semantics of private workspace and work-in-progress are implemented by augmenting the database schema and modifying query and update operations against this augmented schema.
在许多复杂的应用程序中,需要管理正在进行的工作。通常,这要求每个用户都有一个私有的、非易失性的工作空间,在其他用户可以全局访问这些数据更改之前,在其中完成并存储多个工作。这些要求反映了目前基于纸张的系统的工作做法,这些做法确保了正在进行的工作的安全性、持久性、私密性和问责制。本文描述了一种实现在制品的技术,它不需要对现有的关系数据库管理系统进行扩展。私有工作区和正在进行的工作的语义是通过扩展数据库模式和修改针对该扩展模式的查询和更新操作来实现的。
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引用次数: 2
Integration of statecharts 集成状态图
H. Frank, Johann Eder
View integration is an effective technique for developing large conceptual database models. The universe of discourse is described from the viewpoint of different user groups or parts of the system resulting in a set of external models. In a second step these models have to be integrated into a common conceptual database schema. In this work we present a new methodology for integrating views based upon an object oriented data model, where we concentrate on the integration of the behaviour of objects, which is not supported by existing view integration methods.
视图集成是开发大型概念数据库模型的一种有效技术。从不同用户组或系统部分的角度描述话语域,从而形成一组外部模型。在第二步中,这些模型必须集成到一个通用的概念性数据库模式中。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于面向对象数据模型的集成视图的新方法,其中我们专注于对象行为的集成,这是现有视图集成方法所不支持的。
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引用次数: 19
期刊
Proceedings. 3rd IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (Cat. No.98EX122)
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