Axel J. Soto, A. Mohammad, Andrew Albert, Aminul Islam, E. Milios, Michael Doyle, R. Minghim, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira
Technical writing in professional environments, such as user manual authoring for new products, is a task that relies heavily on reuse of content. Therefore, technical content is typically created following a strategy where modular units of text have references to each other. One of the main challenges faced by technical authors is to avoid duplicating existing content, as this adds unnecessary effort, generates undesirable inconsistencies, and dramatically increases maintenance and translation costs. However, there are few computational tools available to support this activity. This paper investigates the use of different similarity methods for the task of identification of reuse opportunities in technical writing. We evaluated our results using existing ground truth as well as feedback from technical authors. Finally, we also propose a tool that combines text similarity algorithms with interactive visualizations to aid authors in understanding differences in a collection of topics and identifying reuse opportunities.
{"title":"Similarity-Based Support for Text Reuse in Technical Writing","authors":"Axel J. Soto, A. Mohammad, Andrew Albert, Aminul Islam, E. Milios, Michael Doyle, R. Minghim, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797068","url":null,"abstract":"Technical writing in professional environments, such as user manual authoring for new products, is a task that relies heavily on reuse of content. Therefore, technical content is typically created following a strategy where modular units of text have references to each other. One of the main challenges faced by technical authors is to avoid duplicating existing content, as this adds unnecessary effort, generates undesirable inconsistencies, and dramatically increases maintenance and translation costs. However, there are few computational tools available to support this activity. This paper investigates the use of different similarity methods for the task of identification of reuse opportunities in technical writing. We evaluated our results using existing ground truth as well as feedback from technical authors. Finally, we also propose a tool that combines text similarity algorithms with interactive visualizations to aid authors in understanding differences in a collection of topics and identifying reuse opportunities.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130836331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Iorio, Raffaele Giannella, Francesco Poggi, S. Peroni, F. Vitali
Bibliographies are fundamental components of academic papers and both the scientific research and its evaluation are fundamentally organized around the correct examination and classification of scientific bibliographies. Currently, most digital libraries publish bibliographic information about their content for free, and many include the citations (outgoing and in some cases even incoming) to the papers they manage. Unfortunately no sophistication is spent for these lists: monolithic pieces of text where it is even difficult to tell automatically the authors, the title and publication details, and where users are provided with no mechanisms to filter and access full context of each citation. For instance, there is no way to know in which sentence a work was cited (the citation context) and why (the citation function). In this paper we introduce a novel environment for navigating, filtering and making sense of citations. The interface, called BEX, exploits data freely available in a Link Open Dataset about scholarly papers; end-user testing proved its efficacy and usability.
参考书目是学术论文的基本组成部分，科学研究及其评价基本上都是围绕着科学书目的正确审查和分类来组织的。目前，大多数数字图书馆都免费发布有关其内容的书目信息，许多图书馆还包括对其管理的论文的引用(在某些情况下甚至是引用)。不幸的是，这些列表并不复杂:单个文本甚至很难自动识别作者、标题和出版细节，并且用户没有提供过滤和访问每个引用的完整上下文的机制。例如，没有办法知道在哪个句子中引用了一个作品(引用上下文)和为什么(引用功能)。本文介绍了一种用于引文导航、过滤和理解的新环境。这个名为BEX的接口利用了学术论文链接开放数据集(Link Open Dataset)中免费提供的数据;最终用户测试证明了其有效性和可用性。
{"title":"Exploring Scholarly Papers Through Citations","authors":"A. Iorio, Raffaele Giannella, Francesco Poggi, S. Peroni, F. Vitali","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797065","url":null,"abstract":"Bibliographies are fundamental components of academic papers and both the scientific research and its evaluation are fundamentally organized around the correct examination and classification of scientific bibliographies. Currently, most digital libraries publish bibliographic information about their content for free, and many include the citations (outgoing and in some cases even incoming) to the papers they manage. Unfortunately no sophistication is spent for these lists: monolithic pieces of text where it is even difficult to tell automatically the authors, the title and publication details, and where users are provided with no mechanisms to filter and access full context of each citation. For instance, there is no way to know in which sentence a work was cited (the citation context) and why (the citation function). In this paper we introduce a novel environment for navigating, filtering and making sense of citations. The interface, called BEX, exploits data freely available in a Link Open Dataset about scholarly papers; end-user testing proved its efficacy and usability.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132849294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secure documents often comprise an information layer that is hard to reproduce. Moiré techniques for the prevention of counterfeiting rely on the superposition of an array of transparent lines or microlenses on top of a base layer containing hidden information. Level-line moirés consist of shapes that appear to be beating upon relative translation of a revealing grating on top of a base, in which the desired information is encoded. Usually, the base only contains the information corresponding to one moiré. In order to increase the difficulty of counterfeiting, we use tessellations to incorporate two or more moirés within the same layer. With the method we propose, the information corresponding to up to seven level-line moirés can be embedded within a single base layer. The moirés are recovered with a revealer printed on a transparency or with an array of cylindrical lenses. This method is general and can be extended to other fabrication technologies.
{"title":"Hiding Information in Multiple Level-line Moirés","authors":"T. Walger, R. Hersch","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797078","url":null,"abstract":"Secure documents often comprise an information layer that is hard to reproduce. Moiré techniques for the prevention of counterfeiting rely on the superposition of an array of transparent lines or microlenses on top of a base layer containing hidden information. Level-line moirés consist of shapes that appear to be beating upon relative translation of a revealing grating on top of a base, in which the desired information is encoded. Usually, the base only contains the information corresponding to one moiré. In order to increase the difficulty of counterfeiting, we use tessellations to incorporate two or more moirés within the same layer. With the method we propose, the information corresponding to up to seven level-line moirés can be embedded within a single base layer. The moirés are recovered with a revealer printed on a transparency or with an array of cylindrical lenses. This method is general and can be extended to other fabrication technologies.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133072061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Document Understanding","authors":"P. King","doi":"10.1145/3256808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3256808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic Personal Healthcare Records (PHRs) provide the means for individuals to hold, update and share their medical information in a digitally accessible form. However, the sensitive nature of healthcare information and the functional limitations of PHRs has resulted in their acceptance remaining relatively low. This is primarily due to fears of security and privacy in the current central authority based technologies on offer. In order to alleviate these concerns, whilst maintaining security, ease of access and distribution, we propose a PHR format that utilizes and extends a secure composite document format, Publicly Posted Composite Documents [1], originally designed for cross-organizational business workflows. The proposed PHR ensures data is always encrypted whilst traversing non-secure channels, with fine-grained access control built in to enable multiple people to have differential access to the same PHR. End-to-end encryption using Password Key Derivation Functions ensures no central authority is required to have access to plaintext data or decryption keys. This allows safe cooperation with Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) who act as the primary storage and vehicle by which PHRs can be shared. Our PHRs are designed to be partially downloaded and exported on request, and to gather PHR formatted data securely from an ecosystem of healthcare devices.
{"title":"Fine Grained Access of Interactive Personal Health Records","authors":"H. Balinsky, Nassir Mohammad","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797098","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Personal Healthcare Records (PHRs) provide the means for individuals to hold, update and share their medical information in a digitally accessible form. However, the sensitive nature of healthcare information and the functional limitations of PHRs has resulted in their acceptance remaining relatively low. This is primarily due to fears of security and privacy in the current central authority based technologies on offer. In order to alleviate these concerns, whilst maintaining security, ease of access and distribution, we propose a PHR format that utilizes and extends a secure composite document format, Publicly Posted Composite Documents [1], originally designed for cross-organizational business workflows. The proposed PHR ensures data is always encrypted whilst traversing non-secure channels, with fine-grained access control built in to enable multiple people to have differential access to the same PHR. End-to-end encryption using Password Key Derivation Functions ensures no central authority is required to have access to plaintext data or decryption keys. This allows safe cooperation with Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) who act as the primary storage and vehicle by which PHRs can be shared. Our PHRs are designed to be partially downloaded and exported on request, and to gather PHR formatted data securely from an ecosystem of healthcare devices.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124160175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Knowledge Extraction","authors":"S. Simske","doi":"10.1145/3256802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3256802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121301264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summaries of meetings are very important as they convey the essential content of discussions in a concise form. Both participants and non-participants are interested in the summaries of meetings to plan for their future work. Generally, it is time consuming to read and understand the whole documents. Therefore, summaries play an important role as the readers are interested in only the important context of discussions. In this work, we address the task of meeting document summarization. Automatic summarization systems on meeting conversations developed so far have been primarily extractive, resulting in unacceptable summaries that are hard to read. The extracted utterances contain disfluencies that affect the quality of the extractive summaries. To make summaries much more readable, we propose an approach to generating abstractive summaries by fusing important content from several utterances. We first separate meeting transcripts into various topic segments, and then identify the important utterances in each segment using a supervised learning approach. The important utterances are then combined together to generate a one-sentence summary. In the text generation step, the dependency parses of the utterances in each segment are combined together to create a directed graph. The most informative and well-formed sub-graph obtained by integer linear programming (ILP) is selected to generate a one-sentence summary for each topic segment. The ILP formulation reduces disfluencies by leveraging grammatical relations that are more prominent in non-conversational style of text, and therefore generates summaries that is comparable to human-written abstractive summaries. Experimental results show that our method can generate more informative summaries than the baselines. In addition, readability assessments by human judges as well as log-likelihood estimates obtained from the dependency parser show that our generated summaries are significantly readable and well-formed.
{"title":"Generating Abstractive Summaries from Meeting Transcripts","authors":"Siddhartha Banerjee, P. Mitra, Kazunari Sugiyama","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797061","url":null,"abstract":"Summaries of meetings are very important as they convey the essential content of discussions in a concise form. Both participants and non-participants are interested in the summaries of meetings to plan for their future work. Generally, it is time consuming to read and understand the whole documents. Therefore, summaries play an important role as the readers are interested in only the important context of discussions. In this work, we address the task of meeting document summarization. Automatic summarization systems on meeting conversations developed so far have been primarily extractive, resulting in unacceptable summaries that are hard to read. The extracted utterances contain disfluencies that affect the quality of the extractive summaries. To make summaries much more readable, we propose an approach to generating abstractive summaries by fusing important content from several utterances. We first separate meeting transcripts into various topic segments, and then identify the important utterances in each segment using a supervised learning approach. The important utterances are then combined together to generate a one-sentence summary. In the text generation step, the dependency parses of the utterances in each segment are combined together to create a directed graph. The most informative and well-formed sub-graph obtained by integer linear programming (ILP) is selected to generate a one-sentence summary for each topic segment. The ILP formulation reduces disfluencies by leveraging grammatical relations that are more prominent in non-conversational style of text, and therefore generates summaries that is comparable to human-written abstractive summaries. Experimental results show that our method can generate more informative summaries than the baselines. In addition, readability assessments by human judges as well as log-likelihood estimates obtained from the dependency parser show that our generated summaries are significantly readable and well-formed.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123318075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of mobile OCR (optical character recognition) applications on regular smartphones holds great promise for enabling blind people to access printed information. Unfortunately, these systems suffer from a problem: in order for OCR output to be meaningful, a well-framed image of the document needs to be taken, something that is difficult to do without sight. This contribution presents an experimental investigation of how blind people position and orient a camera phone while acquiring document images. We developed experimental software to investigate if verbal guidance aids in the acquisition of OCR-readable images without sight. We report on our participant's feedback and performance before and after assistance from our software
{"title":"Towards Mobile OCR: How to Take a Good Picture of a Document Without Sight","authors":"M. Cutter, R. Manduchi","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797066","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of mobile OCR (optical character recognition) applications on regular smartphones holds great promise for enabling blind people to access printed information. Unfortunately, these systems suffer from a problem: in order for OCR output to be meaningful, a well-framed image of the document needs to be taken, something that is difficult to do without sight. This contribution presents an experimental investigation of how blind people position and orient a camera phone while acquiring document images. We developed experimental software to investigate if verbal guidance aids in the acquisition of OCR-readable images without sight. We report on our participant's feedback and performance before and after assistance from our software","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124227214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Santos, Christiano Braga, D. Muchaluat-Saade, C. Roisin, Nabil Layaïda
A multimedia document authoring system should provide analysis and validation tools that help authors find and correct mistakes before document deployment. Although very useful, multimedia validation tools are not often provided. Spatial validation of multimedia documents may be performed over the initial position of media items before presentation starts. However, such an approach does not lead to ideal results when media item placement changes over time. Some document authoring languages allow the definition of spatio-temporal relationships among media items and they can be moved or resized during runtime. Current validation approaches do not verify dynamic spatio-temporal relationships. This paper presents a novel approach for spatio-temporal validation of multimedia documents. We model the document state, extending the Simple Hypermedia Model (SHM), comprising media item positioning during the whole document presentation. Mapping between document states represent time lapse or user interaction. We also define a set of atomic formulas upon which the author's expectations related to the spatio-temporal layout can be described and analyzed.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal Validation of Multimedia Documents","authors":"J. Santos, Christiano Braga, D. Muchaluat-Saade, C. Roisin, Nabil Layaïda","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797060","url":null,"abstract":"A multimedia document authoring system should provide analysis and validation tools that help authors find and correct mistakes before document deployment. Although very useful, multimedia validation tools are not often provided. Spatial validation of multimedia documents may be performed over the initial position of media items before presentation starts. However, such an approach does not lead to ideal results when media item placement changes over time. Some document authoring languages allow the definition of spatio-temporal relationships among media items and they can be moved or resized during runtime. Current validation approaches do not verify dynamic spatio-temporal relationships. This paper presents a novel approach for spatio-temporal validation of multimedia documents. We model the document state, extending the Simple Hypermedia Model (SHM), comprising media item positioning during the whole document presentation. Mapping between document states represent time lapse or user interaction. We also define a set of atomic formulas upon which the author's expectations related to the spatio-temporal layout can be described and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Léonard Dumas, Stéphane Crozat, B. Bachimont, Sylvain Spinelli
Documentary production often involves a revising process in which documents need to be proofread. This important task faces new challenges when dealing with digital documents. Indeed, three features of digital writing are problematic: (1) documents evolve very frequently and cannot be proofread each time as a whole, (2) interactions provided by hypertexts make the task less efficient and (3) document repurposing increases the views of content to proofread. As an advanced digital writing technology, XML publishing chains are a relevant framework for studying proofreading of digital documents. This paper argues the need for proofreading views, which enable the comparison of two versions of the document based on a diff algorithm. It also proposes a design approach based on case studies within Scenari publishing chains, involving the annotation of content and the validation of modifications.
{"title":"An Approach for Designing Proofreading Views in Publishing Chains","authors":"Léonard Dumas, Stéphane Crozat, B. Bachimont, Sylvain Spinelli","doi":"10.1145/2682571.2797096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2682571.2797096","url":null,"abstract":"Documentary production often involves a revising process in which documents need to be proofread. This important task faces new challenges when dealing with digital documents. Indeed, three features of digital writing are problematic: (1) documents evolve very frequently and cannot be proofread each time as a whole, (2) interactions provided by hypertexts make the task less efficient and (3) document repurposing increases the views of content to proofread. As an advanced digital writing technology, XML publishing chains are a relevant framework for studying proofreading of digital documents. This paper argues the need for proofreading views, which enable the comparison of two versions of the document based on a diff algorithm. It also proposes a design approach based on case studies within Scenari publishing chains, involving the annotation of content and the validation of modifications.","PeriodicalId":106339,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127242491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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