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Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies among Coffee Farmers in the Central Highlands of Vietnam 越南中部高原咖啡农的干旱适应与应对策略
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.20944/preprints201812.0337.v1
Phuong Le Nguyen, Mau Dung Nguyen
Vietnam is the second largest coffee producer in the world, mostly from the Central Highlands region where water has been becoming a scarce resource. Since 2014, drought has been strongly affecting Central Highlands’ agriculture, particularly coffee production. The drought leads to changes in flowering, ripening and thus harvesting times of coffee. Coffee productivity has reduced about 50 percent. Ultimately, coffee quantity and quality is jeopardized which endangers coffee farmers who occupy 90 per cent of population and their livelihoods mainly rely on coffee. Most of coffee farmers have had to develop alternative strategies to respond to the drought. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from 50 coffee households in a community in the Central Highlands, this research has indicated that farmers had to find the ways to adapt as well as to cope with drought. The ways of adaptation and coping were diverse, including short, medium and long-term plans. To strengthen the adaptation and coping strategies of farmers with drought in the short term, it is recommended that authorities provide more technical and financial support to farmers. Furthermore, longer term strategies need to focus on land use planning, investment in irrigation schemes, and consolidated afforestation schemes in appropriate areas.
越南是世界上第二大咖啡生产国,主要来自中央高地地区,那里的水已经成为稀缺资源。自2014年以来,干旱严重影响了中部高地的农业,尤其是咖啡生产。干旱导致咖啡的开花、成熟和收获时间发生变化。咖啡产量下降了约50%。最终,咖啡的数量和质量受到损害,危及占人口90%的咖啡农,他们的生计主要依靠咖啡。大多数咖啡农不得不制定替代策略来应对干旱。根据从中部高地一个社区的50个咖啡家庭收集的定量和定性数据,这项研究表明,农民必须找到适应和应对干旱的方法。适应和应对的方式多种多样,包括短期、中期和长期计划。为了在短期内加强农民对干旱的适应和应对策略,建议当局向农民提供更多的技术和资金支持。此外,长期战略需要集中于土地使用规划、灌溉计划投资和适当地区的综合造林计划。
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引用次数: 5
Spanish cedar: Relationbetween Fruit and Seed Characteristics with Germination 西班牙雪松:果实和种子特性与发芽的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a15
Pérez-Flores Julián, Sánchez-Gutierrez Facundo, Sol-Sanchez Angel, J. Jesús
For Spanish cedar (Cedrelaodorata L., Meliaceae) is unknown if big fruits contain a greater number of seeds and if those seeds have better physic and biological quality than those coming from small fruits. Therefore, the relation between physic characteristics of fruit and seed with Spanish cedar germination was determined. One hundred seeds per tree from three groups of 12 trees were sown in individual nursery bags and 100 in a seedbed. Fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit differed significantly among the three groups of trees. Fruit size was directly related to seed weight and inversely related to number of seeds per fruit.Germination in nursery bags did not correlate neither to fruit nor seed variables, but correlated in seedbed (r = 0.99, P = 0.03) to both fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit. The conclusion is that weightier fruits correspond to higher number of seed per fruit, smaller seeds and higher germination in Spanish cedar which would be useful to sure the plant production in nurseries.
对于西班牙雪松(Cedrelaodorata L., Meliaceae)来说,大果实是否含有更多的种子以及这些种子是否比小果实的种子具有更好的物理和生物质量尚不清楚。从而确定了果实和种子的物理特性与西班牙雪松发芽的关系。从3组12棵树中选出100颗种子,每棵树在单独的苗圃袋中播种,100颗种子在苗床中播种。三组树木的果实重量和单果种子数差异显著。果实大小与种子重量成正相关,与单果种子数成负相关。苗圃袋中发芽与果实和种子变量均无相关性,但与苗床中果实质量和每果种子数均有相关性(r = 0.99, P = 0.03)。结果表明,果实质量越高,单果种子数越多,种子越小,发芽率越高,这对保证西班牙雪松苗圃的产量有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 1
Análisis de las necesidades de información de los estudiantes de las carreras Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, respecto al rediseño curricular. 分析manabi技术大学农业专业学生对课程重新设计的信息需求。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a5
Mg. Alejandro Narciso Barcia Muentes, Lcda. Karen Yanira Prias Gutiérrez, Mg. Danilo Benito Morales Lucas, Lcda. Gladys Monserrate Briones Mendoza
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引用次数: 0
The Relief and Spatial Expression of the Dams of the Rio Coreaú River Basin, Ceará, Brasil 巴西塞埃尔<e:1>,里约Coreaú河流域水坝的起伏与空间表现
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a9
Marcélia Vieira Torres, J. F. Sobrinho
The article sought to discuss and understand how the functions of the peoples (Manhoso, Várzea da Volta, Angicos and Gangorra), inserted in different relief comparisons of the Korea River Basin-CE, Water during the rainy season, and then to be Used in the dry season. In this case, the analysis of physical and chemical sensors of water and soil in order to identify how the effects on the dynamics of the natural processes caused by the human application by the use of the soil with the reflections on the water quality of the Their effects. Intrinsic functions of environmental systems as well as repercussions for a society.
这篇文章试图讨论和理解民族(Manhoso, Várzea da Volta, Angicos和Gangorra)的功能是如何插入不同的朝鲜河流域的浮雕比较- ce,雨季的水,然后在旱季使用。在这种情况下,通过对水和土壤的物理和化学传感器的分析,以确定如何通过人类应用所引起的自然过程的动态影响,通过对土壤的利用来反映其对水质的影响。环境系统的内在功能以及对社会的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Climate Variability on Water Requirements of Lowland Rice Farming in South Sudanian Climate Region 南苏丹气候区气候变率对低地水稻需水量的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a18
Bama Nati Aïssata Delphine, Badaogo A Alima, Kouénia Koradam Felix, Florence Nadine Guétawendé Ouedraogo
Rice farming in south sudanian climate region is mainly rain-fed, subject to drought or flood which can wreck the harvesting hopes of small holder farmers. So, this study was aimed to mitigate the effect of these droughts on yield. Surveys have been done during August 2017 in three lowlands and at the extension services of the Ministry of Agriculture. Climatic data for the last 30 years have been analyzed by using Franquin method versus rice water need in Houet lowland area, Burkina Faso. The results show, that small holder farmers use five improved varieties with cropping cycle varies from 95 to 120 days. The sowing period is between midJune to mid-July. And Yields in this lowland have depended strongly by rainfall. Analyse of climate data versus rice water’s need show that, 97 % over this period, rice water needs were not met at 100%. To mitigate the effects of drought on the productivity of lowland rice, for direct seeding, the periods of 20 to 25 June and 20 to 25 July are suitable for rice varieties with 120 day and 90 days of cropping cycle respectively.
南苏丹气候区的水稻种植主要是雨养的,受到干旱或洪水的影响,这可能会破坏小农户的收获希望。因此,本研究旨在减轻这些干旱对产量的影响。2017年8月在三个低地和农业部的推广服务部门进行了调查。采用Franquin方法对布基纳法索Houet低地地区近30年的气候数据与水稻需水量进行了对比分析。结果表明,小农使用5种改良品种,种植周期从95天到120天不等。播种期在六月中旬到七月中旬。这片低地的产量很大程度上取决于降雨。对气候数据与水稻用水需求的分析表明,在此期间,97%的水稻用水需求没有得到100%的满足。为减轻干旱对水稻生产能力的影响,对种植周期为120天和90天的水稻品种,适宜在6月20日至25日和7月20日至25日进行直接播种。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Production in Burkina Faso 气候变化对布基纳法索谷物生产的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/JAES.V8N1A2
Tégawendé Juliette Nana
With the increase of greenhouse effect gas emissions, caused by human activities, climate change impacts on environment and economic activities, especially agriculture in developing countries, remain currently an international concern. In Burkina Faso, the share of the agriculture sector to the real GDP is the largest historically and represented 44% in 2016. Furthermore, this sector remains heavily dependent on climatic conditions. With regard importance to these facts, the objective of the present study is to analyze the vulnerability of the agricultural sector, mainly the production of maize, millet, sorghum and rice in Burkina Faso to the effects of climate change. To test the hypothesis whether "climate variables, such as rainfall and temperature have a positive impact on cereal production," a linear model was estimated by the stepwise method on panel data. The results show that increased precipitation would result in an increased production of maize, millet and sorghum and decreased that of rice. While an increase in temperature contributes to a decrease of the latter. Thus, the impact of climate change on agriculture is real in Burkina Faso and the adoption of effective adaptation and mitigation is of great importance.
随着人类活动造成的温室效应气体排放量的增加,气候变化对环境和经济活动,特别是对发展中国家农业的影响,目前仍是国际关注的问题。在布基纳法索,农业部门在实际国内生产总值中所占的份额达到历史最高水平,2016年为44%。此外,该部门仍然严重依赖气候条件。考虑到这些事实的重要性,本研究的目的是分析农业部门的脆弱性,主要是布基纳法索的玉米、小米、高粱和大米生产对气候变化的影响。为了检验“气候变量,如降雨和温度是否对谷物产量有积极影响”的假设,通过面板数据的逐步方法估计了一个线性模型。结果表明,降水增加会导致玉米、谷子和高粱产量增加,而水稻产量减少。而温度的升高有助于后者的减少。因此,气候变化对布基纳法索农业的影响是真实存在的,采取有效的适应和缓解措施非常重要。
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引用次数: 7
Environmental Efficiency and Economic Performance of Cotton Production in Benin: What Relationship? 贝宁棉花生产的环境效率和经济效益:什么关系?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a16
Régina D.C. Bonou-zin, Khalil Allali, A. Fadlaoui, J. Yabi
Since the Rio Earth Conference in 1992, particular attention has been paid to environmental sustainability. Different strategies are then put in place in various areas of activity to reduce environmental impacts and improve environmental performance. This study then aims to analyze the relationship between environmental efficiency and the economic performance of cotton production in Benin. The study was conducted with 355 cotton producers (175 conventional and 180 organic) randomly selected in northern Benin. Indicators to measure economic performance are s are gross margin per hectare, capital and labor productivity. Data analysis were performed by using the Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression. Findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental efficiency and economic performance indicators listed above. Results provide insightful information to producers and policy-makers regarding the importance of integrating environmental objectives into production decisions. In addition, improvement in capacity building of producers through environmental awareness and education is then essential for a better integration of sustainable technologies that reduce the level of pollution in the production process in order to promote sustainable development. Keyword: Environmental efficiency, Economic performance, Organic cotton; Conventional cotton, Benin.
自1992年里约地球会议以来,特别注意环境的可持续性。然后在不同的活动领域实施不同的战略,以减少对环境的影响和改善环境绩效。本研究旨在分析贝宁棉花生产的环境效率与经济绩效之间的关系。这项研究是在贝宁北部随机选择的355个棉花生产者(175个传统棉花生产者和180个有机棉花生产者)中进行的。衡量经济表现的指标有每公顷毛利率、资本和劳动生产率。采用Spearman相关系数和线性回归进行数据分析。结果表明,环境效率与上述经济绩效指标之间存在显著的正相关关系。结果为生产者和决策者提供了关于将环境目标纳入生产决策的重要性的深刻信息。此外,通过环境意识和教育改善生产者的能力建设对于更好地结合可持续技术以减少生产过程中的污染程度以促进可持续发展是必不可少的。关键词:环境效率;经济效益;有机棉;传统棉花产自贝宁。
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引用次数: 3
An Application of GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Land Evaluation and Suitability Mapping for Rice Cultivation in Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria 基于gis的多准则决策方法在尼日利亚Oye-Ekiti水稻种植土地评价与适宜性制图中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/JAES.V8N1A3
Otokiti Kolade Victor, Olufemi Samson Adesina
This study adopted a GIS-based multi-criteria decision approach in mapping the inherent qualities and potentials of land peculiar to rice cultivation in Oye-Ekiti. FAO framework was used as a guide in selecting variables for the land evaluation. An Analytical Hierarchical Process was used to assign weights to the selected factors with respect to their relative importance, while pairwise comparison was used to rank the factors. The priority generated was used to assign weights in ArcGIS 10.5 weighted overlay toolset in spatial analyst tool. The resulting weights are based on the principal eigenvector of the decision matrix. From the priority value derived from the pairwise comparison result, the criteria were reclassified according to their suitability level and weighted overlay toolset was used to merge the criteria from which the results were obtained. The study area was classified into three categories based on rice cultivation suitability, namely: Highly suitable-S1, moderately suitable-S2, marginally suitable- S3. The result indicates that that 18% (79.925 sq.km) of the total land area is highly suitable for cultivating rice, 70% (326.019 sq.km) is moderately suitable while 12% (57.725 sq.km) is marginally suitable. The study is a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making approach in selecting the best rice cultivation site.
本研究采用了基于gis的多准则决策方法来绘制Oye-Ekiti水稻种植特有土地的内在品质和潜力。粮农组织框架被用作选择土地评价变量的指南。一个分析层次过程被用来分配权重的选择因素相对于他们的重要性,而两两比较被用来对因素进行排名。利用生成的优先级在空间分析工具的ArcGIS 10.5加权叠加工具集中分配权重。所得到的权重基于决策矩阵的主特征向量。根据两两比较结果得到的优先级值,根据适合程度对准则进行重新分类,并使用加权叠加工具集对得到结果的准则进行合并。根据水稻种植适宜性将研究区划分为高度适宜- s1、中度适宜- s2、中度适宜- S3三类。结果表明:水稻高度适宜种植面积占总面积的18% (79.925 sq.km),中度适宜种植面积占70% (326.019 sq.km),中度适宜种植面积占12% (57.725 sq.km)。研究了一种基于gis的水稻最佳种植场地选择的多准则决策方法。
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引用次数: 2
The external carbon source to each stages of A2/O process for simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal 同时脱氮除磷的 A2/O 工艺各阶段的外部碳源
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a14
K. John, Z. Hong, Liu Yongfeng
A novel method which could simultaneously solve the insufficient of carbon source and maximize the utilized of carbon source was investigated in this study. As methanol, glucose and ethanol were taken as respectively carbon sources for the A2/O system, getting the ethanol was the best one on simultaneously the nitrogen and phosphorus removed. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were 78.23% and 78.18%, and the time of NOX-N removed was 20min.The study about the effect on the external carbon source shown that when dosing method was 0:1:2, the external carbon source concentration was 400mg/L and nitrate recycling ratio was 250%, the A2/O system on simultaneously total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removed ran well. At this point, phosphorus concentration in anoxic was lower than phosphorus concentration in the influent, which indicated the denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) accumulated in anoxic zones. The removal efficiencies of TN, NH3-N and TP were 82.36%, 96.67% and 92.18%, respectively. The effluent concentrations were 11.43mg/L,4.1mg/L and 0.45mg/L respectively, which reached the type A standard GB18918-2002 level.
本研究探讨了一种既能解决碳源不足问题,又能最大限度利用碳源的新方法。甲醇、葡萄糖和乙醇分别作为 A2/O 系统的碳源,其中乙醇的脱氮除磷效果最好。对外部碳源影响的研究表明,当加药方式为 0:1:2,外部碳源浓度为 400mg/L,硝酸盐循环比为 250%时,A2/O 系统对总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的同时去除效果良好。此时,缺氧区的磷浓度低于进水磷浓度,表明反硝化积磷生物(DPAOs)在缺氧区积累。对 TN、NH3-N 和 TP 的去除率分别为 82.36%、96.67% 和 92.18%。出水浓度分别为 11.43mg/L、4.1mg/L 和 0.45mg/L,达到 GB18918-2002 A 类标准水平。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring of Composting Temperature and Assessment of Heavy Metals Content of Ouagadougou’s Urban Waste Composts 瓦加杜古城市垃圾堆肥温度监测及重金属含量评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v8n1a8
D. Bambara, Jacques Sawadogo, A. Bilgo, E. Hien, D. Masse
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引用次数: 4
期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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