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Android Application for Tracking Pedestrian Movements in Realtime with Firebase Android应用程序跟踪行人的实时运动与Firebase
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00020
H. Kimm, Dennis Flynn
In this paper we present an Android mobile platform application for tracking pedestrian movements in realtime using the Android Fused Location Provider API and the Firebase Realtime Database. Two significant barriers in developing accurate and efficient realtime path tracking systems are the limitations inherent to utilizing raw GPS data and the overhead involved in developing backend components. Data from satellite based systems is subject to a number of factors limiting their effective use in generating movement track paths. Previous work to mitigate these concerns involved using additional sensors to supplement and modify the erroneous raw GPS teleme-try. Google has incorporated and expanded upon these methods, making them available through the Fused Location Provider API. Firebase, a set of Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) tools developed by google, streamlines the development process. Together, the Fused Location Provider and the Firebase Realtime Database make the foundation of a system that accurately and efficiently maps user movements in realtime.
在本文中,我们提出了一个Android移动平台应用程序,该应用程序使用Android fusion Location Provider API和Firebase实时数据库实时跟踪行人的运动。开发准确和高效的实时路径跟踪系统的两个重要障碍是利用原始GPS数据的固有限制和开发后端组件所涉及的开销。来自卫星系统的数据受到许多因素的限制,限制了它们在生成运动轨迹路径时的有效使用。以前的工作是使用额外的传感器来补充和修改错误的原始GPS遥测。谷歌对这些方法进行了合并和扩展,使它们可以通过Fused Location Provider API使用。Firebase是谷歌开发的一套后端即服务(BaaS)工具,它简化了开发过程。融合位置提供程序和Firebase实时数据库一起构成了一个系统的基础,该系统可以准确有效地实时映射用户的移动。
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引用次数: 2
GoDeploy: Portable Deployment of Serverless Functions in Federated FaaS GoDeploy:联邦FaaS中无服务器功能的可移植部署
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00012
S. Ristov, Simon Brandacher, M. Felderer, R. Breu
Federated Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) offers higher scalability, better resilience and cost-performance trade-off than running serverless applications in a single cloud region. However, existing Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) tools are mainly focused on the FaaS provider, rather than on applications, which increases developer effort to code multiple times the same data in order to deploy a serverless function on various cloud regions in federated FaaS. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces GoDeploy, a framework that simplifies coding the deployment of serverless functions in Federated FaaS. Using the design principle “code once, deploy everywhere”, GoDeploy offers developers a domain-specific language, which introduces a three-levels hierarchy serverless function → FaaS providers →cloud regions of FaaS provider, rather than existing either the two-levels hierarchy FaaS provider → serverless functions or flat horizontal structure. Moreover, GoDeploy hides the complexity and requirements of each FaaS provider to store deployment packages (zip) of serverless functions on their storages. With this approach, GoDeploy reduces deployment script length measured in lines of code (LoC) compared to the recent FaaSifier M2FaaS by up to 33.33% for deployment on three cloud regions of AWS. When deploying a single function on three cloud regions of each of three FaaS providers AWS, IBM, Google, LoC are reduced by up to 72.34% compared to the state-of-the-art IaC tool Terraform. The improvement is higher when a serverless function needs to be deployed on multiple cloud regions because GoDeploy's three-level hierarchy requires a single LoC per cloud region, compared to multiple LoC in Terraform's and M2FaaS DSLs.
与在单个云区域中运行无服务器应用程序相比,联邦功能即服务(FaaS)提供了更高的可伸缩性、更好的弹性和成本-性能折衷。然而,现有的基础设施即代码(IaC)工具主要关注FaaS提供者,而不是应用程序,这增加了开发人员编写多次相同数据的工作量,以便在联邦FaaS中的不同云区域上部署无服务器功能。为了弥补这一差距,本文介绍了GoDeploy,这是一个框架,可以简化联邦FaaS中无服务器功能的部署编码。GoDeploy采用“一次编码,随处部署”的设计原则,为开发人员提供了一种特定于领域的语言,它引入了三层层次结构的无服务器功能→FaaS提供商→FaaS提供商的云区域,而不是现有的两层层次结构的FaaS提供商→无服务器功能或扁平水平结构。此外,GoDeploy隐藏了每个FaaS提供商在其存储上存储无服务器功能的部署包(zip)的复杂性和需求。使用这种方法,与最近的FaaSifier M2FaaS相比,在AWS的三个云区域上部署时,GoDeploy减少了以代码行(LoC)衡量的部署脚本长度,最多减少了33.33%。当在三个FaaS提供商(AWS、IBM、Google、LoC)各自的三个云区域上部署单个功能时,与最先进的IaC工具Terraform相比,可减少高达72.34%的成本。当一个无服务器功能需要部署在多个云区域时,改进会更大,因为GoDeploy的三层层次结构需要每个云区域一个LoC,而在Terraform和M2FaaS dsl中需要多个LoC。
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引用次数: 3
IDS-Chain: A Collaborative Intrusion Detection Framework Empowered Blockchain for Internet of Medical Things IDS-Chain:基于区块链的医疗物联网协同入侵检测框架
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00015
Ahamed Aljuhani
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has been integrated and deployed in the health care domain as it significantly facilitates medical services for both health care providers and consumers. The IoMT allows various medical devices to exchange data over different wireless communication technologies without the need for human intervention. The widespread adoption of such a technology increases the demand for designing efficient, reliable, and secure IoMT environments. Although IoMT significantly improves quality of medical services, maintaining security and privacy remain major challenges. This article proposes a collaborative intrusion detection framework empowered blockchain technology for protecting IoMT networks, called IDS-Chain. The IDS-Chain framework leverages fog computing to deploy security functions through distributed fog nodes to efficiently detect cyberattacks near data source. Blockchain is used to ensure data trust, integrity, and privacy, as well as to enable secure data exchange among distributed IDS entities.
医疗物联网(IoMT)已被集成并部署在医疗保健领域,因为它极大地促进了医疗保健提供者和消费者的医疗服务。IoMT允许各种医疗设备通过不同的无线通信技术交换数据,而无需人工干预。这种技术的广泛采用增加了对设计高效、可靠和安全的IoMT环境的需求。尽管物联网大大提高了医疗服务质量,但维护安全和隐私仍然是主要挑战。本文提出了一种支持b区块链技术的协作入侵检测框架,用于保护IoMT网络,称为IDS-Chain。IDS-Chain框架利用雾计算,通过分布式雾节点部署安全功能,有效检测数据源附近的网络攻击。区块链用于确保数据的信任、完整性和隐私性,并支持分布式IDS实体之间的安全数据交换。
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引用次数: 0
A Cost-Effective and Multi-Source-Aware Replica Migration Approach for Geo-Distributed Data Centers 地理分布数据中心的一种经济高效、多源感知的副本迁移方法
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00009
Bita Fatemipour, Wei Shi, M. St-Hilaire
Geographically distributed data centers have been de-ployed for different purposes, such as minimizing the transmission and response time and the amount of data exchanges throughout the networks. Beyond fault tolerance purposes, data replication has been a popular solution to increase data availability by bringing data closer to the end users. Most existing studies migrate replicas to the desired destinations from a single source, and few of such solutions are cost-aware. By having a multi-source and cost-aware approach, we can accelerate the transmission time resulting in a better quality of service for the end users. Towards that end, this paper introduces a cost-effective and deadline-aware replica migration approach for geo-distributed data centers. The proposed model discovers the appropriate source(s) and paths to transmit the replicas to a desired destination cost-effectively. This problem, which jointly considers cost and deadline, is formulated into a mixed-integer linear programming optimization model. Extensive evaluation against two of the most recent approaches shows significant improvement in meeting the deadlines and reducing the cost incurred to the customers.
地理上分布的数据中心已被部署用于不同的目的,例如最小化传输和响应时间以及整个网络中的数据交换量。除了容错目的之外,数据复制已经成为一种流行的解决方案,可以通过拉近数据与最终用户的距离来提高数据可用性。大多数现有的研究将副本从单一来源迁移到期望的目的地,并且很少有这样的解决方案具有成本意识。通过采用多源和成本意识方法,我们可以加快传输时间,从而为最终用户提供更好的服务质量。为此,本文为地理分布式数据中心介绍了一种经济有效且具有截止日期意识的副本迁移方法。建议的模型发现适当的源和路径,以经济有效地将副本传输到期望的目的地。该问题综合考虑了成本和工期,形成了一个混合整数线性规划优化模型。对两种最新方法的广泛评估表明,在满足最后期限和减少客户产生的成本方面有了重大改进。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing a Network-Aware Kubernetes Scheduler on top of a Mesh Network 在Mesh网络之上实现一个网络感知的Kubernetes调度器
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00018
Jerico Moeyersons, Brecht Stamper, B. Volckaert, F. de Turck
A recent trend observed in the Kubernetes world is trying to deploy a Kubernetes cluster entirely or partially to the edge. When further looking into these edge environments, it is often noted that wireless technologies are used. Kubernetes is not designed to support these wireless network setups and will have to be extended to run smoothly on these networks. One of the most used network setups in edge environments is a wireless mesh network. Therefore the main focus will be on running Kubernetes on top of a wireless mesh network. Other mesh networks will also be supported with a minimal set of changes needed. The main goal of this paper is to list all the problems encountered when running Kubernetes on top of a mesh network and provide a framework of components and extensions to solve these problems. The majority of these components will be implemented, and demonstrations show that these components are able to solve most of the listed problems when used in a setup with some predefined restrictions. When deploying a demo application with the proposed solution, the required bitrate is observed 97 percent of the time compared to 42 percent with the native Kubernetes scheduler.
最近在Kubernetes领域观察到的一个趋势是尝试将Kubernetes集群全部或部分部署到边缘。当进一步研究这些边缘环境时,通常会注意到使用了无线技术。Kubernetes并不是为支持这些无线网络设置而设计的,必须进行扩展才能在这些网络上顺利运行。在边缘环境中最常用的网络设置之一是无线网状网络。因此,主要的焦点将是在无线网状网络上运行Kubernetes。其他网状网络也将得到支持,只需进行最小的更改。本文的主要目标是列出在网状网络上运行Kubernetes时遇到的所有问题,并提供一个组件和扩展框架来解决这些问题。这些组件中的大多数将被实现,并且演示表明,在具有一些预定义限制的设置中使用这些组件时,这些组件能够解决列出的大多数问题。当使用建议的解决方案部署演示应用程序时,97%的时间可以观察到所需的比特率,而使用本机Kubernetes调度器时为42%。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Free5GC Forwarding Performance on Private and Public Clouds Free5GC在私有云和公有云上转发性能的评估
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00008
Yi Liu, Qiaoling Li, Qingping Cao, Zhilan Huang, Yangchun Li, Yongbing Fan
There are differences in the way of public cloud and private cloud use network performance acceleration technologies (such as DPDK and SR-IOV), which will affect the performance of the 5GC network. This paper evaluates the difference in forwarding performance between AWS (public cloud) and the operator's private cloud by deploying Free5GC for testing. Under similar conditions, the 5GC forwarding performance of the private cloud using SR-IOV is higher than that of the public cloud, which is higher than that of the private cloud using DPDK.
公有云和私有云使用网络性能加速技术(如DPDK、SR-IOV)的方式存在差异,会影响5GC网络的性能。本文通过部署Free5GC进行测试,评估了AWS(公共云)和运营商私有云之间转发性能的差异。在相同条件下,使用SR-IOV的私有云的5GC转发性能高于公有云,而使用DPDK的私有云的5GC转发性能高于公有云。
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引用次数: 0
Survivability and Resiliency Modeling and Analysis of an Internet of Industrial Things using Hierarchical Models 基于层次模型的工业物联网生存性和弹性建模与分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00024
T. Nguyen, D. Min, Eunmi Choi, Iure Fé, Francisco Airton Silva
In Industry 4.0, the emergence of the Internet of industrial things (IoIT) has been a mainstream computing infrastructure for smart factories. However, IoITs show a multitude of inherent weaknesses which may restrict IoITs from fulfilling implementation expectations due to the con-figuration of the Cloud-Edge continuum. Under the needs of high-level production chain business continuity, an IoIT may be influenced by parametric or structural changes on one hand, but the system may also fail on the other. These possible events may be quantified using two metrics: survivability and resilience. This work proposes to model and evaluate a specific IoIT for survivability and resiliency quantification using a hierarchical model. The system model consists of three layers: (i) reliability block diagram (RBD) at the top level to capture the overall IoIT architecture, (ii) fault tree (FT) at the middle level to capture the configurations of subsystems, and (iii) continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) models at the bottom level to represent the operational states of the underlying components and devices. The study can assist system managers in ensuring the maximum level of survivability and resiliency of industrial processes in smart factories by preserving operating circumstances and system configurations.
在工业4.0时代,工业物联网(IoIT)的出现已经成为智能工厂的主流计算基础设施。然而,由于云边缘连续体的配置,物联网显示出许多固有的弱点,这些弱点可能会限制物联网实现期望。在高水平生产链业务连续性的需求下,IoIT一方面可能受到参数或结构变化的影响,另一方面也可能出现系统失效的情况。这些可能发生的事件可以用两个指标来量化:生存能力和恢复能力。本工作建议使用分层模型对特定IoIT的生存能力和弹性量化进行建模和评估。该系统模型由三层组成:(i)顶层的可靠性框图(RBD)用于捕获整个IoIT架构,(ii)中层的故障树(FT)用于捕获子系统的配置,(iii)底层的连续时间马尔可夫链(CTMC)模型用于表示底层组件和设备的运行状态。该研究可以通过保留操作环境和系统配置,帮助系统管理人员确保智能工厂中工业过程的最大生存能力和弹性。
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引用次数: 0
Redefining Edge Computing 重新定义边缘计算
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00023
Sekou L. Remy, Kugamoorthy Gajananan, Alexei Karve
Edge Computing is a distributed computing paradigm which is closely related to other often conflated terms like Fog Computing, Mist Computing, IoT, and even Cloud Computing. Since it is a computing paradigm, it shapes how devices, protocols and other assets can be incorporated to develop overall solutions. In this paper we briefly describe how Edge Computing is currently defined in the literature and provide our view of looking at the Edge based on dominant data flows which reduce entropy across locations and ensures overall system health.
边缘计算是一种分布式计算范式,它与雾计算、雾计算、物联网甚至云计算等其他经常混淆的术语密切相关。由于它是一种计算范式,因此它决定了如何将设备、协议和其他资产结合起来开发整体解决方案。在本文中,我们简要描述了目前在文献中如何定义边缘计算,并提供了我们基于主导数据流的边缘视图,这些数据流减少了跨位置的熵并确保了整个系统的健康。
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引用次数: 0
Making the Cloud Monitor Real-Time Adaptive 使云监视器实时自适应
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00017
Resul Serkan Keskin, P. Pileggi
The recent Cloud Monitor invention [1] aims to open actual insights, and give greater agency, to stakeholders in the Cloud ecosystem. But the varied nature and diverse user and provider needs, challenge the practicality of creating custom continuous cloud monitoring solutions using it. To accommodate customized needs at scale for dynamic systems and operating environments, we take a first step towards a flexible adaptation mechanism that automates individual monitoring requests in a custom way. We propose a real-time adaptive continuous monitoring extension to the Cloud Monitor and demonstrate potential value from the Cloud User's perspective. We present a reasonable scenario using a real cloud environment. Our result suggests that, despite the need for more research into robustness, this mechanism enables improved agency of Cloud stakeholders. It enables the manageability of continuous monitoring with the Cloud Monitor under dynamic conditions. Ultimately, stakehold-ers can monitor the actual Quality of Service delivered by their cloud in use better and at their own discretion.
最近的Cloud Monitor发明[1]旨在为云生态系统中的利益相关者提供实际的见解,并给予更大的代理。但是,不同的性质和不同的用户和提供商需求,挑战了使用它创建自定义连续云监控解决方案的实用性。为了适应动态系统和操作环境的大规模定制需求,我们朝着灵活的适应机制迈出了第一步,该机制可以以自定义的方式自动执行单个监控请求。我们提出了一个实时自适应连续监控扩展到云监视器,并从云用户的角度展示了潜在的价值。我们使用真实的云环境给出了一个合理的场景。我们的结果表明,尽管需要对稳健性进行更多的研究,但这种机制可以改善云利益相关者的代理。它支持在动态条件下使用Cloud Monitor进行持续监控的可管理性。最终,涉众可以根据自己的判断,更好地监控使用中的云交付的实际服务质量。
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引用次数: 1
Particle Swarm Optimization with Enhanced Neighborhood Search for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing 基于增强邻域搜索的粒子群优化云计算任务调度
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/CloudSummit54781.2022.00011
Saleh Al Shamaa, Nabil Harrabida, Wei Shi, M. St-Hilaire
Due to cloud computing services' dynamic and elastic nature, implementing efficient task scheduling methods becomes primordial for cloud providers to handle the ever-growing demands and meet the Service Level Agreements (SLA) cost-effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel task scheduling approach, named ENS-PSO, that enhances Particle Swarm Op-timization (PSO) with an efficient neighborhood search strategy. We evaluate ENS-PSO using the CloudSim toolkit. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed task scheduling with en-hanced neighborhood search outperforms other task scheduling algorithms in terms of makespan, energy consumption, and degree of imbalance.
由于云计算服务的动态性和弹性,实现高效的任务调度方法成为云提供商处理不断增长的需求并经济有效地满足服务水平协议(SLA)的首要任务。本文提出了一种新的任务调度方法ENS-PSO,该方法通过有效的邻域搜索策略增强了粒子群优化算法。我们使用CloudSim工具包评估ENS-PSO。仿真结果表明,基于增强邻域搜索的任务调度算法在最大跨度、能耗和不平衡程度等方面都优于其他任务调度算法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 IEEE Cloud Summit
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