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2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE)最新文献

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Efficient implementation of continuous skyline computation on a multi-core processor 在多核处理器上高效地实现连续天际线计算
Kenichi Koizumi, M. Inaba, K. Hiraki
The skyline operator has been proposed as a method for extracting highly-utility samples from a large database. A set of the extracted samples is called `skyline'. The theme of the MEMOCODE 2015 Design Contest is to accelerate continuous skyline computation, skyline computing for a streaming dataset, on any platform. In this paper, we present our method that achieved the best performance in the contest. We describe our data structure, algorithms, and optimization methods for the contest reference code in the multi-core processor. We have accelerated our solution in the two aspects of efficient algorithms and code optimizations. The task of the contest is to compute the skyline at each time-step for 800,000 entries with a seven-dimensional vector value and the activation time and the deactivation time. We use one commodity computer and the average runtime of our solution is 407 milliseconds.
天际线算子被提出作为一种从大型数据库中提取高效用样本的方法。一组提取的样本被称为“天际线”。MEMOCODE 2015设计竞赛的主题是在任何平台上加速连续的天际线计算,流数据集的天际线计算。在本文中,我们提出了在比赛中取得最佳表现的方法。我们描述了我们的数据结构,算法和优化方法的比赛参考代码在多核处理器。我们在高效算法和代码优化两个方面加速了我们的解决方案。比赛的任务是用一个七维向量值和激活时间和失效时间计算800,000个条目在每个时间步的天际线。我们使用一台普通计算机,解决方案的平均运行时间为407毫秒。
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引用次数: 7
Efficient continuous skyline computation on multi-core processors based on Manhattan distance 基于曼哈顿距离的多核处理器高效连续天际线计算
Ehsan Montahaei, M. Ghafouri, Saied Rahmani, Hanie Ghasemi, Farzad Sharif Bakhtiar, Rashid Zamanshoar, Kianoush Jafari, Mohsen Gavahi, Reza Mirzaei, Armin Ahmadzadeh, S. Gorgin
The continuous Skyline query has recently become the subject of the several researches due to its wide spectrum of applications such as multi-criteria decision making, graph analysis network, wireless sensor network and data exploration. In these applications, the datasets are huge and have various dimensions. Moreover, they constantly change as time passes. Therefore, this query is considered as a computation intensive operation that finding the result in a reasonable time is a challenge. In this paper, we present an efficient parallel continuous Skyline approach. In our suggested method, the dataset points are sorted and pruned based on Manhattan distance. Moreover, we use several optimization methods to optimize memory usage in comparison with naïve implementation. In addition, besides the applied conventional parallelization methods, we partition the time steps based on the number of available cores. The experimental results for a dataset that contains 800k points with 7 dimensions show considerable speedup.
连续Skyline查询由于其在多准则决策、图形分析网络、无线传感器网络和数据探索等领域的广泛应用,近年来已成为众多研究的主题。在这些应用程序中,数据集是巨大的,并且具有不同的维度。此外,它们随着时间的推移而不断变化。因此,这个查询被认为是一个计算密集型的操作,在合理的时间内找到结果是一个挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一种有效的平行连续Skyline方法。在我们建议的方法中,基于曼哈顿距离对数据集点进行排序和修剪。此外,我们使用了几种优化方法来优化内存使用,并与naïve实现进行了比较。此外,除了采用传统的并行化方法外,我们还根据可用核数对时间步长进行了划分。对于包含800k个7维点的数据集,实验结果显示出相当大的加速。
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引用次数: 3
Layering RTL, SAFL, Handel-C and Bluespec constructs on Chisel HCL 在Chisel HCL上分层RTL, SAFL, Handel-C和Bluespec结构
D. Greaves
Chisel is a hardware construction language that supports a simplistic level of transactional programming via its Decoupled I/O primitives. In this paper we describe extensions that layer popular design paradigms on the Chisel substrate. We include RTL, SAFL-style functional hardware description, Handel-C message passing and Bluespec rules. We then briefly discuss interworking between these design styles.
Chisel是一种硬件构造语言,它通过解耦的I/O原语支持简单级别的事务性编程。在本文中,我们描述了在Chisel基板上分层流行设计范例的扩展。我们包括RTL、safl风格的功能硬件描述、Handel-C消息传递和Bluespec规则。然后我们简要讨论这些设计风格之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 3
Passive testing of production systems based on model inference 基于模型推理的生产系统被动测试
William Durand, S. Salva
This paper tackles the problem of testing production systems, i.e. systems that run in industrial environments, and that are distributed over several devices and sensors. Usually, such systems lack of models, or are expressed with models that are not up to date. Without any model, the testing process is often done by hand, and tends to be an heavy and tedious task. This paper contributes to this issue by proposing a framework called Autofunk, which combines different fields such as model inference, expert systems, and machine learning. This framework, designed with the collaboration of our industrial partner Michelin, infers formal models that can be used as specifications to perform offline passive testing. Given a large set of production messages, it infers exact models that only capture the functional behaviours of a system under analysis. Thereafter, inferred models are used as input by a passive tester, which checks whether a system under test conforms to these models. Since inferred models do not express all the possible behaviours that should happen, we define conformance with two implementation relations. We evaluate our framework on real production systems and show that it can be used in practice.
本文处理测试生产系统的问题,即在工业环境中运行的系统,并且分布在多个设备和传感器上。通常,这样的系统缺乏模型,或者用不是最新的模型来表示。没有任何模型,测试过程通常是手工完成的,并且往往是一项繁重而乏味的任务。本文通过提出一个名为Autofunk的框架来解决这个问题,该框架结合了模型推理、专家系统和机器学习等不同领域。这个框架是与我们的工业合作伙伴米其林合作设计的,它推断出可以用作执行离线被动测试的规范的正式模型。给定大量的生产消息集,它推断出精确的模型,这些模型只捕获正在分析的系统的功能行为。此后,推断的模型被被动测试人员用作输入,被动测试人员检查被测系统是否符合这些模型。由于推断的模型不能表达所有可能发生的行为,我们用两个实现关系定义一致性。我们在实际生产系统中对我们的框架进行了评估,并表明它可以在实践中使用。
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引用次数: 5
Modeling resource sharing using FSM-SADF 使用FSM-SADF建模资源共享
J. Bastos, S. Stuijk, J. Voeten, R. Schiffelers, Johan Jacobs, H. Corporaal
This paper proposes a modeling approach to capture the mapping of an application on a platform. The approach is based on Scenario-Aware Dataflow (SADF) models. In contrast to the related work, we express the complete design-space in a single formal SADF model. This allows us to have a compact and explorable state-space linked with an executable model capable of symbolically analyzing different mappings for their timing behavior. We can model different bindings for application tasks, different static-orders schedules for tasks bound in shared resources, as well as naturally capturing resource claiming/unclaiming using SADF semantics. Moreover, by using the inherent properties of dataflow graphs and the dynamic behavior of a Finite-State Machine, we can model different levels of pipelining, such as full application pipelining and interleaved pipelining of consecutive executions of the application. The size of the model is independent of the number of executions of the application. Since we are able to capture all this behavior in a single SADF model we can use available dataflow analysis, such as worst-case and best-case throughput and deadlock-freedom checking. Furthermore, since the model captures the design-space independently of the analysis technique, one can use different exploration approaches to analyze different sets of requirements.
本文提出了一种捕获平台上应用程序映射的建模方法。该方法基于场景感知数据流(SADF)模型。与相关工作相比,我们用一个正式的SADF模型来表达完整的设计空间。这使我们能够拥有一个紧凑的、可探索的状态空间,它与一个可执行的模型相关联,能够象征性地分析不同映射的定时行为。我们可以为应用程序任务建模不同的绑定,为绑定在共享资源中的任务建模不同的静态顺序调度,以及使用SADF语义自然地捕获资源声明/取消声明。此外,通过使用数据流图的固有属性和有限状态机的动态行为,我们可以对不同级别的流水线进行建模,例如完整的应用程序流水线和应用程序连续执行的交错流水线。模型的大小与应用程序的执行次数无关。由于我们能够在单个SADF模型中捕获所有这些行为,我们可以使用可用的数据流分析,例如最坏情况和最佳情况吞吐量以及死锁自由检查。此外,由于模型独立于分析技术捕获设计空间,因此可以使用不同的探索方法来分析不同的需求集。
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引用次数: 7
Keynote talk II: Accelerating data centers using reconfigurable logic 主题演讲II:使用可重构逻辑加速数据中心
Derek Chiou
Reconfigurable logic has the potential to provide hardware level performance with the flexibility of software. Such properties make it an interesting solution in data center environments that value high throughput, low latency, low power, and uniformity of hardware. Microsoft has been exploring the use of reconfigurable logic in its data centers. In this talk, I will describe some of our efforts in this area.
可重构逻辑具有提供硬件级性能和软件灵活性的潜力。这些属性使其成为重视高吞吐量、低延迟、低功耗和硬件一致性的数据中心环境中的一个有趣的解决方案。微软一直在探索在其数据中心中使用可重构逻辑。在这次演讲中,我将介绍我们在这一领域的一些努力。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic and configurable instrumentation of C programs with temporal assertion checkers 带有临时断言检查器的C程序的自动和可配置的工具
Martial Chabot, Kévin Mazet, L. Pierre
The long-term goal of the work presented here is the automatic instrumentation of C programs with temporal property checkers to perform the runtime verification that these programs behave as expected, both for debugging purposes and for security or safety-oriented monitoring. This paper describes our first results towards this objective. To give requirements engineers or software developers the possibility to express advanced properties, the chosen specification language is the IEEE standard PSL (Property Specification Language). From PSL properties, a tool automatically generates assertion checkers and instruments the program with these verification components together with an observation mechanism that enables their event-driven activation. For maximum flexibility, the current implementation proposes either to decorate the source code or to observe the binary code under execution. An analysis of these solutions is achieved by means of experimental results.
这里提出的工作的长期目标是使用时态属性检查器对C程序进行自动检测,以执行运行时验证,以确保这些程序的行为符合预期,既用于调试目的,也用于安全性或面向安全的监视。本文描述了我们实现这一目标的初步结果。为了给需求工程师或软件开发人员提供表达高级属性的可能性,所选择的规范语言是IEEE标准的PSL(属性规范语言)。从PSL属性中,一个工具自动生成断言检查器,并使用这些验证组件以及支持事件驱动激活的观察机制对程序进行检测。为了获得最大的灵活性,当前的实现建议要么修饰源代码,要么观察正在执行的二进制代码。通过实验结果对这些解进行了分析。
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引用次数: 6
Hierarchical multi-formalism proofs of cyber-physical systems 网络物理系统的分层多形式证明
M. Whalen, Sanjai Rayadurgam, Elaheh Ghassabani, A. Murugesan, O. Sokolsky, M. Heimdahl, Insup Lee
To manage design complexity and provide verification tractability, models of complex cyber-physical systems are typically hierarchically organized into multiple abstraction layers. High-level analysis explores interactions of the system with its physical environment, while embedded software is developed separately based on derived requirements. This separation of low-level and high-level analysis also gives hope to scalability, because we are able to use tools that are appropriate for each level. When attempting to perform compositional reasoning in such an environment, care must be taken to ensure that results from one tool can be used in another to avoid errors due to “mismatches” in the semantics of the underlying formalisms. This paper proposes a formal approach for linking high-level continuous time models and lower-level discrete time models.
为了管理设计的复杂性和提供验证的可追溯性,复杂的网络物理系统的模型通常被分层地组织成多个抽象层。高级分析探索系统与其物理环境的相互作用,而嵌入式软件则根据派生的需求单独开发。这种低级和高级分析的分离也给可伸缩性带来了希望,因为我们能够使用适合每个级别的工具。当尝试在这样的环境中执行组合推理时,必须注意确保一个工具的结果可以在另一个工具中使用,以避免由于底层形式化的语义“不匹配”而导致的错误。本文提出了一种连接高级连续时间模型和低级离散时间模型的形式化方法。
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引用次数: 3
Design and verification of multi-rate distributed systems 多速率分布式系统的设计与验证
Wenchao Li, Léonard Gérard, N. Shankar
Multi-rate systems arise naturally in distributed settings where computing units execute periodically according to their local clocks and communicate among themselves via message passing. We present a systematic way of designing and verifying such systems with the assumption of bounded drift for local clocks and bounded communication latency. First, we capture the system model through an architecture definition language (called RADL) that has a precise model of computation and communication. The RADL paradigm is simple, compositional, and resilient against denial-of-service attacks. Our radler build tool takes the architecture definition and individual local functions as inputs and generate executables for the overall system as output. In addition, we present a modular encoding of multi-rate systems using calendar automata and describe how to verify real-time properties of these systems using SMT-based infinite-state bounded model checking. Lastly, we discuss our experiences in applying this methodology to building high-assurance cyber-physical systems.
多速率系统自然出现在分布式设置中,其中计算单元根据其本地时钟周期性地执行,并通过消息传递在它们之间进行通信。我们提出了一种系统的方法来设计和验证这种系统,假设本地时钟有界漂移和有界通信延迟。首先,我们通过架构定义语言(称为RADL)捕获系统模型,该语言具有精确的计算和通信模型。RADL范例简单、组合,并且能够抵御拒绝服务攻击。我们的radler构建工具将体系结构定义和单个本地函数作为输入,并为整个系统生成可执行文件作为输出。此外,我们提出了使用日历自动机的多速率系统的模块化编码,并描述了如何使用基于smt的无限状态有界模型检查来验证这些系统的实时性。最后,我们讨论了将此方法应用于构建高保证网络物理系统的经验。
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引用次数: 11
Keynote talk I: Syntax-guided synthesis 主题演讲一:语法引导合成
R. Alur
The classical formulation of the program-synthesis problem is to find a program that meets a correctness specification given as a logical formula. Recent work on program synthesis and program optimization illustrates many potential benefits of allowing the user to supplement the logical specification with a syntactic template that constrains the space of allowed implementations. The formulation of the syntax-guided synthesis problem (SyGuS) is aimed at standardizing the core computational problem common to these proposals in a logical framework [1]. The input to the SyGuS problem consists of a background theory, a semantic correctness specification for the desired program given by a logical formula, and a syntactic set of candidate implementations given by a grammar. The computational problem then is to find an implementation from the set of candidate expressions so that it satisfies the specification in the given theory. In this talk, we first describe how a wide range of problems such as automatic synthesis of loop invariants, program optimization, learning programs from examples, and program sketching, can be formalized as SyGuS instances. We then describe three different instantiations of the counter-example-guided-inductive-synthesis (CEGIS) strategy for solving the SyGuS problem. Finally, we discuss our efforts over the past two years on defining the standardized interchange format built on top of SMT-LIB, repository of benchmarks from diverse applications, organization of the annual competition, SyGuS-COMP, of solvers, and experimental evaluation of solution strategies. More information about our project is available at www.sygus.org. This research is supported by the NSF Expeditions in Computing project ExCAPE (award CCF 1138996).
程序综合问题的经典表述是找到一个满足以逻辑公式形式给出的正确性规范的程序。最近在程序综合和程序优化方面的工作说明了允许用户用语法模板来补充逻辑规范的许多潜在好处,语法模板限制了允许实现的空间。语法引导合成问题(SyGuS)的提出旨在将这些建议共同的核心计算问题标准化到一个逻辑框架中[1]。SyGuS问题的输入包括背景理论、由逻辑公式给出的所需程序的语义正确性规范,以及由语法给出的候选实现的语法集。然后,计算问题是从候选表达式集合中找到一个实现,使其满足给定理论中的规范。在这次演讲中,我们首先描述了如何将循环不变量的自动合成、程序优化、从示例中学习程序和程序草图等广泛的问题形式化为SyGuS实例。然后,我们描述了解决SyGuS问题的反示例引导诱导合成(CEGIS)策略的三个不同实例。最后,我们讨论了我们在过去两年中在定义基于SMT-LIB的标准化交换格式方面所做的努力,SMT-LIB是来自不同应用程序的基准库,组织年度竞赛,SyGuS-COMP,求解器,以及解决方案策略的实验评估。有关我们项目的更多信息,请访问www.sygus.org。本研究由美国国家科学基金会远征计算项目ExCAPE(授予CCF 1138996)支持。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE)
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