This Paper makes three main contributions. First, this Paper surveys Algorand Smart Contracts and the Algorand Network, including software systems and algorithmic architectures. Second, this Paper discusses various software mechanisms enabling developers to execute transfers on the Algorand Network. Third, this Paper advances Algorand Smart Contracts by introducing the Algogeneous Smart Contract. Algogeneous Smart Contracts are a new type of Algorand Smart Contract, which are simpler to develop and utilize artificial intelligence to ensure contracts are legally compliant and enforceable.
{"title":"Smart Contracts on Algorand","authors":"Archie Chaudhury, Brian Haney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3887719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3887719","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper makes three main contributions. First, this Paper surveys Algorand Smart Contracts and the Algorand Network, including software systems and algorithmic architectures. Second, this Paper discusses various software mechanisms enabling developers to execute transfers on the Algorand Network. Third, this Paper advances Algorand Smart Contracts by introducing the Algogeneous Smart Contract. Algogeneous Smart Contracts are a new type of Algorand Smart Contract, which are simpler to develop and utilize artificial intelligence to ensure contracts are legally compliant and enforceable.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81589457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we develop an integrated framework to study a firm's joint decisions on product price, quality and service duration in a variety of monopolistic and competitive scenarios. Product price, quality, and ancillary service (such as maintenance and factory warranty) are arguably among the most important factors consumers consider when making a purchase. Meanwhile, they are also seen as effective instruments for firms to achieve market segmentation. We consider a cost structure for the firm where the service cost depends on the product quality level. In particular, if quality is associated with product reliability (resp., complexity), the service cost would decrease (resp., increase) in the quality level. We adopt the widely used multinomial logit model and the nested logit model to study consumers' choice behavior, and employ mixed integer optimization and game theory to conduct analysis. We find that with multiple substitutable products being offered, it is sufficient for a firm to provide only two maximally differentiated service durations at optimality. The quality of each product should be set at a level such that the marginal utility to consumers equals the marginal cost to the firm, independent of the decisions on other products, whereas pricing decision should take into account all products. In addition, consumer surplus increases when the firm can make more decisions. Regardless of product substitution and market competition, the optimal quality level and service duration for each product can be determined independently of other products. Moreover, service differentiation can benefit consumers and improve the firm's profitability at the same time.
{"title":"Product Price, Quality and Service Decisions under Consumer Choice Models","authors":"Ruxian Wang, Chenxu Ke, Shiliang Cui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3766191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3766191","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop an integrated framework to study a firm's joint decisions on product price, quality and service duration in a variety of monopolistic and competitive scenarios. Product price, quality, and ancillary service (such as maintenance and factory warranty) are arguably among the most important factors consumers consider when making a purchase. Meanwhile, they are also seen as effective instruments for firms to achieve market segmentation. We consider a cost structure for the firm where the service cost depends on the product quality level. In particular, if quality is associated with product reliability (resp., complexity), the service cost would decrease (resp., increase) in the quality level. We adopt the widely used multinomial logit model and the nested logit model to study consumers' choice behavior, and employ mixed integer optimization and game theory to conduct analysis. We find that with multiple substitutable products being offered, it is sufficient for a firm to provide only two maximally differentiated service durations at optimality. The quality of each product should be set at a level such that the marginal utility to consumers equals the marginal cost to the firm, independent of the decisions on other products, whereas pricing decision should take into account all products. In addition, consumer surplus increases when the firm can make more decisions. Regardless of product substitution and market competition, the optimal quality level and service duration for each product can be determined independently of other products. Moreover, service differentiation can benefit consumers and improve the firm's profitability at the same time.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73458608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In its development, the concept of "programming” in its classic form is established in mathematics as a set of methods to create an algorithm of work of electronic computing machine ... a comprehensive computational process that aims at optimizing the mathematical expression in certain mathematical conditions. Applicable in its varieties of linear programming (method for finding the maximum or minimum of linear limiting function in the presence of linear restrictive conditions) and non-linear programming (set of mathematical methods for determining the largest and the smallest value of the non-linear functions in the presence of restrictive conditions), in the modern world of information technology this concept is key to the computer field (identified with coding). Moreover, in its broad interpretation, the term “programming” is associated with a range of actions in writing, which express prediction, foreshadowing, warning, statement, proclamation, prescription, command.
{"title":"The Role and Place of Social Programming in Public Governance.","authors":"V. Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3411580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3411580","url":null,"abstract":"In its development, the concept of \"programming” in its classic form is established in mathematics as a set of methods to create an algorithm of work of electronic computing machine ... a comprehensive computational process that aims at optimizing the mathematical expression in certain mathematical conditions. Applicable in its varieties of linear programming (method for finding the maximum or minimum of linear limiting function in the presence of linear restrictive conditions) and non-linear programming (set of mathematical methods for determining the largest and the smallest value of the non-linear functions in the presence of restrictive conditions), in the modern world of information technology this concept is key to the computer field (identified with coding). Moreover, in its broad interpretation, the term “programming” is associated with a range of actions in writing, which express prediction, foreshadowing, warning, statement, proclamation, prescription, command.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81879865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivated by bidders’ interests in concealing their private information in auctions, we propose an ascending clock auction for unit-demand assignment problems that economizes on bidder information revelation, together with a new general-purpose measure of information revelation. Our auction uses an iterative partial reporting design such that for a given set of prices, not all bidders are required to report their demands, and when they are, they reveal a single preferred item at a time instead of all. Our design can better preserve bidder privacy while maintaining several good properties: sincere bidding is an ex post Nash equilibrium, ending prices are path independent, and efficiency is achieved if the auction starts with the auctioneer’s reservation values. Our measurement of information revelation is based on Shannon’s entropy and can be used to compare a wide variety of auction and nonauction mechanisms. We propose a hybrid quasi–Monte Carlo procedure for computing this measure. Our numerical simulations show that our auction consistently outperforms a full-reporting benchmark with up to 18% less entropy reduction and scales to problems of over 100,000 variables.This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
{"title":"Preserving Bidder Privacy in Assignment Auctions: Design and Measurement","authors":"De Liu, Adib Bagh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2373976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2373976","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by bidders’ interests in concealing their private information in auctions, we propose an ascending clock auction for unit-demand assignment problems that economizes on bidder information revelation, together with a new general-purpose measure of information revelation. Our auction uses an iterative partial reporting design such that for a given set of prices, not all bidders are required to report their demands, and when they are, they reveal a single preferred item at a time instead of all. Our design can better preserve bidder privacy while maintaining several good properties: sincere bidding is an ex post Nash equilibrium, ending prices are path independent, and efficiency is achieved if the auction starts with the auctioneer’s reservation values. Our measurement of information revelation is based on Shannon’s entropy and can be used to compare a wide variety of auction and nonauction mechanisms. We propose a hybrid quasi–Monte Carlo procedure for computing this measure. Our numerical simulations show that our auction consistently outperforms a full-reporting benchmark with up to 18% less entropy reduction and scales to problems of over 100,000 variables.This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to investigate big data and knowledge management in the context of so-called cognitive systems, with a particular focus on IBM’s Watson as a case to illustrate both an emerging form of knowledge management and how firms are analyzing big data to generate knowledge from data. This analysis includes a number of applications that have been developed to address a number of accounting and auditing problems. In particular, this paper analyzes how Watson has been brought into business settings and used or proposed for use in accounting, auditing and finance.
{"title":"Big Data and Knowledge Management with Applications in Accounting and Auditing: The Case of Watson","authors":"Daniel E. O'Leary","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3203842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203842","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate big data and knowledge management in the context of so-called cognitive systems, with a particular focus on IBM’s Watson as a case to illustrate both an emerging form of knowledge management and how firms are analyzing big data to generate knowledge from data. This analysis includes a number of applications that have been developed to address a number of accounting and auditing problems. In particular, this paper analyzes how Watson has been brought into business settings and used or proposed for use in accounting, auditing and finance.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83428293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The referral priority program—an emerging business practice adopted by a growing number of technology companies that manage a waitlist of customers—enables existing customers on the waitlist to gai...
{"title":"Referral Priority Program: Leveraging Social Ties via Operational Incentives","authors":"Luyi Yang, L. Debo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2859831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2859831","url":null,"abstract":"The referral priority program—an emerging business practice adopted by a growing number of technology companies that manage a waitlist of customers—enables existing customers on the waitlist to gai...","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73869350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-26DOI: 10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.1.17
Harris Kyriakou, J. Nickerson, Gaurav Sabnis
Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community's design knowledge available for reuse for customization—or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation.
{"title":"Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3D Printing","authors":"Harris Kyriakou, J. Nickerson, Gaurav Sabnis","doi":"10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community's design knowledge available for reuse for customization—or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83763094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the important features of Blockchain is that it allows the hosting and execution of contracts. Such a contract in the digital world is known as a Smart Contract. But the process and consequences of a contract vary radically from one format of Blockchain to another. One of the formats (and the most common at present) is the Unregulated Blockchain (like Bitcoin and Ethereum) with no government supervision whatsoever. Another format is the Controlled Blockchain which is managed and guaranteed by the Government. It is this difference that is vital in understanding the impacts and consequences of entering into and abiding by Smart Contracts. Firstly, the concept of cryptocurrencies (also referred to as cryptocoins in this paper) is explained. Then the concept of Regulated and Sovereign Backed Cryptocurrencies (RSBCs) is discussed. Later on, I explain how contracts vary between the two Blockchain formats. Finally, the paper concludes as to how smart contracts can be best executed and on which format of Blockchain.
{"title":"Analysis of Contracts in Various Formats of Blockchain","authors":"Kartik Hegadekatti","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2890577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2890577","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important features of Blockchain is that it allows the hosting and execution of contracts. Such a contract in the digital world is known as a Smart Contract. But the process and consequences of a contract vary radically from one format of Blockchain to another. One of the formats (and the most common at present) is the Unregulated Blockchain (like Bitcoin and Ethereum) with no government supervision whatsoever. Another format is the Controlled Blockchain which is managed and guaranteed by the Government. It is this difference that is vital in understanding the impacts and consequences of entering into and abiding by Smart Contracts. Firstly, the concept of cryptocurrencies (also referred to as cryptocoins in this paper) is explained. Then the concept of Regulated and Sovereign Backed Cryptocurrencies (RSBCs) is discussed. Later on, I explain how contracts vary between the two Blockchain formats. Finally, the paper concludes as to how smart contracts can be best executed and on which format of Blockchain.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article introduces TableMaker, a Microsoft Excel macro that produces publicationquality tables and includes them as new sheets in workbooks. The macro provides an intuitive graphical user interface that allows for the full customization of all table features. It also allows users to save and load table templates, and thus allows layouts to be both reproducible and transferable. It is distributed in a single computer file. As such, the macro is easy to share, as well as accessible to even beginning and casual users of Excel. Since it allows for the quick creation of reproducible and fully customizable tables, TableMaker can be very useful to academics, policy-makers and businesses by making the presentation and formatting of results faster and more efficient.
{"title":"TableMaker: An Excel Macro for Publication-Quality Tables","authors":"M. Hlaváč","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2508827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2508827","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces TableMaker, a Microsoft Excel macro that produces publicationquality tables and includes them as new sheets in workbooks. The macro provides an intuitive graphical user interface that allows for the full customization of all table features. It also allows users to save and load table templates, and thus allows layouts to be both reproducible and transferable. It is distributed in a single computer file. As such, the macro is easy to share, as well as accessible to even beginning and casual users of Excel. Since it allows for the quick creation of reproducible and fully customizable tables, TableMaker can be very useful to academics, policy-makers and businesses by making the presentation and formatting of results faster and more efficient.","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75580928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online channels generate frictions when selling products with nondigital attributes, such as apparel. Customers may be reluctant to purchase products they have not been able to try on and those customers who do purchase may return products when they do not fit as expected. Virtual fitting-room technologies provide information about how a product fits a particular customer and promise to mitigate some of the frictions the information gap generates in the retailers’ supply chains. By implementing a series of randomized field experiments, we study the value of virtual fit information in online retail. In our experiments, customers are randomly assigned to a treatment condition where virtual fit information is available or to a control condition where virtual fit information is not available. Our results show that offering virtual fit information increases conversion rates and order value, and reduces fulfillment costs arising from returns and home try-on behavior, that is, customers ordering multiple sizes o...
{"title":"The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment","authors":"Santiago Gallino, Antonio Moreno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2677404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2677404","url":null,"abstract":"Online channels generate frictions when selling products with nondigital attributes, such as apparel. Customers may be reluctant to purchase products they have not been able to try on and those customers who do purchase may return products when they do not fit as expected. Virtual fitting-room technologies provide information about how a product fits a particular customer and promise to mitigate some of the frictions the information gap generates in the retailers’ supply chains. By implementing a series of randomized field experiments, we study the value of virtual fit information in online retail. In our experiments, customers are randomly assigned to a treatment condition where virtual fit information is available or to a control condition where virtual fit information is not available. Our results show that offering virtual fit information increases conversion rates and order value, and reduces fulfillment costs arising from returns and home try-on behavior, that is, customers ordering multiple sizes o...","PeriodicalId":10688,"journal":{"name":"Computing Technologies eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：