Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee696.pub2
Grant Lamond
1961. Peterson, W. W. Error Correcting Codes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1977. McEliece, R. J. The Theory of Information Coding. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Vol. 3 of the Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications.) 1980. Mackenzie, C. E. Coded Character Sets: History and Development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Part of the Systems Programming Series.) 1997. Honary, B., Darnell, M., and Farrell, P. (eds.) Communications Coding and Signal Processing. New York: John Wiley.
{"title":"Coercion","authors":"Grant Lamond","doi":"10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee696.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee696.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"1961. Peterson, W. W. Error Correcting Codes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1977. McEliece, R. J. The Theory of Information Coding. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Vol. 3 of the Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications.) 1980. Mackenzie, C. E. Coded Character Sets: History and Development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Part of the Systems Programming Series.) 1997. Honary, B., Darnell, M., and Farrell, P. (eds.) Communications Coding and Signal Processing. New York: John Wiley.","PeriodicalId":107237,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Ethics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132533942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee621.pub2
Erin I. Kelly
{"title":"Publicity","authors":"Erin I. Kelly","doi":"10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee621.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee621.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107237,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Ethics","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee039.pub2
R. Cooper
Disease-mongering is a term to describe the process of widening the boundaries that define medical illness in order to expand markets for those who deliver and sell treatments. It can take many forms, including framing risk factors as diseases, portraying mild problems as severe pathology, widening existing definitions and constructing whole new categories of medical illness. While the analysis of disease-mongering has to date focussed largely on pharmaceutical marketing, and unhealthy industry-professional entanglement, the phenomenon is broader and deeper than a critique of drug company promotions. The concern is that by transforming more and more of the ups and downs of ordinary life into the signs and symptoms of treatable conditions, we may be producing much iatrogenic illness, wasting many resources and fundamentally shifting what it means to be human. After a brief history of the concept, some examples will be provided, before concluding with some challenges facing those interested in the problem.
{"title":"Disease Mongering","authors":"R. Cooper","doi":"10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee039.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee039.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"Disease-mongering is a term to describe the process of widening the boundaries that define medical illness in order to expand markets for those who deliver and sell treatments. It can take many forms, including framing risk factors as diseases, portraying mild problems as severe pathology, widening existing definitions and constructing whole new categories of medical illness. While the analysis of disease-mongering has to date focussed largely on pharmaceutical marketing, and unhealthy industry-professional entanglement, the phenomenon is broader and deeper than a critique of drug company promotions. The concern is that by transforming more and more of the ups and downs of ordinary life into the signs and symptoms of treatable conditions, we may be producing much iatrogenic illness, wasting many resources and fundamentally shifting what it means to be human. After a brief history of the concept, some examples will be provided, before concluding with some challenges facing those interested in the problem.","PeriodicalId":107237,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Ethics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132954816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee650.pub2
G. R. Lear
{"title":"Aristotle","authors":"G. R. Lear","doi":"10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee650.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee650.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107237,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Ethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123309974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee295.pub2
M. Roberts
Dr. Cheung's past research utilized the duck animal model to study the mechanism of viral neutralization of hepatitis B virus at the molecular level. In collaboration with basic scientists, he is interested in using molecular biology approaches to study clinical samples from chronic hepatitis C patients and investigate the host-virus interaction. The ultimate goal is to understand the pathogenesis of HCV and mechanism of anti-viral therapy. Dr. Cheung is also investigating the healthcare model of hepatitis C care among infected veterans, interaction between hepatitic C infection and alcoholic cirrhosis, and impact of comorbid conditions on the health related quality of life. He is investigating methods to improve care of veterans with chronic hepatitis C, including use of the novel experimental anti-viral therapies as part of clinical trails. Dr. Cheung also used VA and other database to study various healthcare issues in patients with chronic hepatitis C. quality of life. is investigating methods to improve care of veterans with chronic hepatitis C, including use of the novel experimental anti-viral therapies as part of clinical trails. Cheung also used VA and other database to study various healthcare issues in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
{"title":"Population","authors":"M. Roberts","doi":"10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee295.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee295.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Cheung's past research utilized the duck animal model to study the mechanism of viral neutralization of hepatitis B virus at the molecular level. In collaboration with basic scientists, he is interested in using molecular biology approaches to study clinical samples from chronic hepatitis C patients and investigate the host-virus interaction. The ultimate goal is to understand the pathogenesis of HCV and mechanism of anti-viral therapy. Dr. Cheung is also investigating the healthcare model of hepatitis C care among infected veterans, interaction between hepatitic C infection and alcoholic cirrhosis, and impact of comorbid conditions on the health related quality of life. He is investigating methods to improve care of veterans with chronic hepatitis C, including use of the novel experimental anti-viral therapies as part of clinical trails. Dr. Cheung also used VA and other database to study various healthcare issues in patients with chronic hepatitis C. quality of life. is investigating methods to improve care of veterans with chronic hepatitis C, including use of the novel experimental anti-viral therapies as part of clinical trails. Cheung also used VA and other database to study various healthcare issues in patients with chronic hepatitis C.","PeriodicalId":107237,"journal":{"name":"International Encyclopedia of Ethics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124034183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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