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Filosofie jako životní cesta最新文献

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Slovensko-poľské kontakty profesora Jana Zouhara
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-2
Zlatica Plašienková, Barbara Szotek
The article briefly reflects on Professor Jan Zouhar’s personal and professional contacts within his activities in the Slovak and Polish philosophical environment with an emphasis on the personal experience of the authors. It points out Professor Zouhar’s contribution and influence on the development of mutual relations and fruitful cooperation in the field of philosophy, as well as on the unforgettable human dimension that he brought to these relations.
这篇文章简要地反映了Jan Zouhar教授在斯洛伐克和波兰哲学环境活动中的个人和专业接触,重点是作者的个人经历。它指出了Zouhar教授在哲学领域相互关系的发展和卓有成效的合作方面的贡献和影响,以及他为这些关系带来的令人难忘的人文维度。
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引用次数: 0
Zrušitelnost v normativních kontextech
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-13
J. Štěpán
The paper defines normative contexts, describes the general concept of defeasibility and the logical means to its solution. It also illustrates defeasibility of legal norms on case studies.
本文对规范语境进行了界定,阐述了可否定性的一般概念及其解决的逻辑方法。它还说明了案例研究中法律规范的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
K pojetí kultury u Gillese Lipovetského
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-7
Ivana Holzbachová
With a bit of exaggeration, it could be claimed that Lipovetsky’s lifetime work has focused on (contemporary or post-modern) culture. Surprisingly, Lipovetsky has never defined the concept of culture. It is, thus, necessary to reconstruct it from his work. The presented paper analyses the concept of culture on the background of Lipovetsky’s account of fashion. This account is very broad. Lipovetsky emphasises that fashion covers a large area extending from clothing, social intercourse and religion all the way to an account (and self-constitution) of man. In this regard, Lipovetsky puts special emphasis on the development of individualism in modern society. He also points out inconsistencies in the understanding and the manifestations of individualism.
有点夸张地说,利波韦茨基一生的工作都集中在(当代或后现代)文化上。令人惊讶的是,Lipovetsky从来没有定义过文化的概念。因此,有必要从他的作品中重建它。本文以利波韦茨基对时尚的描述为背景,分析文化的概念。这种说法很广泛。Lipovetsky强调,时尚涵盖了一个很大的领域,从服装、社会交往和宗教一直延伸到对人的描述(和自我构成)。在这方面,利波韦茨基特别强调了个人主义在现代社会中的发展。他还指出了个人主义在理解和表现上的不一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Prométheus například. Moc mýtu, distance a přihlížení podle Hanse Blumenberga
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-8
Břetislav Horyna
The Study Prometheus, for example loosely follows up the central theme of Hans Blumenberg’s theory of myth and mythology, the character of Prometheus and Promethean conceptions in scientific as well as imaginative literature (poetry and drama). The aim is not an elaborate reflection of all the variations on Promethean themes that were summarized in Blumenberg’s epochal book Work on Myth (1979). The author rather selects some themes from the works on the myth about Prometheus in Classical Greek literature (Hesiod, Aeschylus) and, at the turn of modernism, in German movement Sturm und Drang (Goethe). Most attention is paid to a fictional figure known as actio per distans (action at distance, with keeping a distance) and its variations from the distance between people and gods through the distance between people to the distance of an ageing poet from spirit of the age (Zeitgeist), to which he no longer belongs.
例如,《普罗米修斯的研究》松散地遵循了汉斯·布鲁门伯格的神话理论的中心主题,普罗米修斯的性格以及普罗米修斯在科学和想象文学(诗歌和戏剧)中的概念。其目的并不是对布鲁门伯格划时代的著作《论神话》(1979)中所总结的普罗米修斯主题的所有变化进行详尽的反映。作者从古希腊文学(赫西俄德、埃斯库罗斯)和现代主义之交德国“风暴与激浪”运动(歌德)中关于普罗米修斯神话的作品中选取了一些主题。人们最关注的是一个被称为“远距离行动”(action per distans)的虚构人物,以及它的变化,从人与神之间的距离,到人与神之间的距离,再到一个年老的诗人与他不再属于的时代精神(Zeitgeist)的距离。
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引用次数: 0
Morava jako multietnický organismus: problémy jazyka a identity v letech 1848–1918
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-11
Jiří Malíř
The study deals with the development of linguistic, ethnic and international relationships in Moravia in 1848–1918 and their specific features. The focus is mainly on the complex relationships between Czech-speaking and German-speaking inhabitants of Moravia and the aspects that played a key role in them. These included a complicated settlement situation given by the mixing of Czech and German inhabitants (the numerous ‘German linguistic islands’), the economic influence of Jewish inhabitants on international relations in linguistically diverse cities, the impact of social and economic status of various groups of inhabitants on their voting and political participation, the unevenness in the promotion of national identity and the effects of Czech-German international compromise of 1905. The application of the principle of personal autonomy led to alleviation of international tensions as well as an increased demand for legal determination of nationality.
本研究探讨了1848-1918年间摩拉维亚的语言、民族和国际关系的发展及其具体特征。本书的重点主要放在摩拉维亚讲捷克语和讲德语的居民之间的复杂关系以及在其中起关键作用的方面。这些因素包括捷克和德国居民混合居住(众多的"德语语言岛屿")造成的复杂定居情况、犹太居民对语言多样化城市的国际关系的经济影响、各居民群体的社会和经济地位对其投票和政治参与的影响、促进民族认同的不平衡以及1905年捷克-德国国际妥协的影响。个人自治原则的适用缓和了国际紧张局势,并增加了对法律确定国籍的要求。
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引用次数: 0
T. G. M.: Problém filozofie osobnosti, jeho vztahy a souvislosti
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-3
Ivo Pospíšil
The presented contribution analyses – in the context of Jan Zouhar’s research scope and also on the background of the professional interests of the immortalized František Kautman (1927–2016) – the ‘philosophy’ of T. G. Masaryk’s (1850–1937) work. At the beginning, there are new publications on his alleged origin from the family of the Austro-Hungarian monarch, further their fictionalization, the investigation of his late sexual life and, last but not least, the flow of his juvenile correspondence with Zdenka Šemberová (1841–1912). For her, this communication was full of erotic and intellectual hopes which were not fulfilled and led to her lifelong loneliness and resignation, especially after the death of her father Alois Vojtěch Šembera (1807–1882), professor of Vienna Slavonic studies, one of the first opponents of the medieval authenticity of the legendary Czech Manuscripts, all of this on the background of the life of the university and Czech Vienna, where they both lived, and the adjacent Moravia. Masaryk, with his weak knowledge of standard Czech, Šemberová, at that time already a mature lady, record in their correspondence the course of their lives, their opinions, readings, and document their intellectual maturing. Their correspondence represents evidence of the lives of both: Masaryk was gradually becoming a scholar and mainly a politician, and understood their correspondence, from which Zdenka expected also an amorous fulfilment, as a mere practical exercise in stylistics and a confrontation of opinions. Their correspondence throws a new, not always favourable light on the youth of the future Czechoslovak president. Already there, the elementary features of his personality were taking their shapes.
在Jan Zouhar的研究范围和不朽的František考特曼(1927-2016)的专业兴趣背景下,所提出的贡献分析了T. G. Masaryk(1850-1937)工作的“哲学”。一开始,有新的出版物声称他来自奥匈帝国君主的家庭,进一步的虚构化,对他晚年性生活的调查,最后但并非最不重要的,他少年时期与Zdenka Šemberová(1841-1912)的通信流。对她来说,这种交流充满了情色和智力上的希望,这些希望没有实现,导致了她一生的孤独和辞职,特别是在她的父亲Alois vojtuzch Šembera(1807-1882)去世后,他是维也纳斯拉夫研究教授,是传说中的捷克手稿中世纪真实性的第一个反对者之一,所有这些都是在大学和捷克维也纳的生活背景下,他们都住在那里,以及邻近的摩拉维亚。马萨里克对标准捷克语知之甚少,Šemberová,当时已经是一位成熟的女士,在他们的通信中记录了他们的生活过程,他们的观点,阅读,并记录了他们的智力成熟。他们的通信代表了两个人生活的证据:马萨里克逐渐成为一名学者,主要是一名政治家,他把他们的通信理解为仅仅是文体上的实践练习和意见的对抗,兹登卡也希望从他们的通信中得到一种爱情的满足。他们的通信给这位未来的捷克斯洛伐克总统的年轻时代带来了新的、不总是有利的印象。他性格的基本特征已经在那里形成了。
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引用次数: 0
„Volte své jedy!“ K problematice vztahu trampské subkultury k alkoholu a krčemnému prostředí
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-15
Karel Altman
Although the need to compensate life in the rush and buzz of the city made its numerous inhabitants seek quiet recreation outdoors, some of them sought recreation as well as excitement, whose source were adventures inspired by their ideas of the Wild West. In the past century, its heroes, real or fictional, have become the symbols of the bearers of a distinctive and unique subculture called tramping, popular exclusively in Czechia (and partly Slovakia). In spite of the unique lifestyle, tramps could not do outdoors without refreshment, food and drink, which were provided by taverns and pubs in villages and secluded places near their campsites. Those businesses that proved successful and effective from the perspective of our tramps and men of prairies became known as tramp taverns. It was mainly there, especially during various excesses, that their god, Pajda, had to stand by them.
虽然为了补偿城市的喧嚣和喧嚣,许多居民在户外寻求安静的娱乐,但他们中的一些人在寻求刺激的同时也寻求娱乐,其来源是受到他们对狂野西部的想法的启发的冒险。在过去的一个世纪里,它的英雄们,无论是真实的还是虚构的,已经成为一种独特的亚文化的象征,这种亚文化被称为流浪,只在捷克(部分斯洛伐克)流行。尽管有这种独特的生活方式,流浪者们还是不能在户外活动,而这些食物和饮料都是由村庄里的小酒馆和露营地附近僻静的地方提供的。从我们的流浪汉和草原上的男人的角度来看,那些被证明是成功和有效的企业被称为流浪汉酒馆。主要是在那里,特别是在各种各样的暴行中,他们的神,帕伊达,不得不站在他们一边。
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引用次数: 1
Ke stereotypu zobrazování Turka ve starší české literatuře 关于捷克旧文学中对土耳其人的刻板印象
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-10
M. Hashemi
The text is a reflection of a well-researched professional publication by Tomáš Rataj České země ve stínu půlměsíce (Czech Lands in the Shadow of the Crescent, 2002). After a multilateral acknowledgement of the book, the author fills in relevant items written by some of the staff of the Faculty of Arts MU, some of which were published only after the publication of Rataj’s work. Additionally, she refines, with reference to the study of Jan Kumpera (1994), the existence of a translation of the Bible into Turkish initiated by Comenius, namely its printing in the 19th century. At the end, the author mentions her personal teaching activities on the topic in the context of the honoured person of Jan Zouhar’s personality as a pedagogical ideal.
该文本反映了Tomáš Rataj České zemlovstínu půlměsíce(新月阴影下的捷克土地,2002年)的一份经过充分研究的专业出版物。在对本书的多方认可后,作者填写了由MU文学院的一些工作人员撰写的相关条目,其中一些是在Rataj的作品出版后才发表的。此外,她根据Jan Kumpera(1994)的研究,提出了由夸美尼乌斯发起的《圣经》土耳其语译本的存在,即在19世纪的印刷。最后,作者将简·祖哈尔的人格作为教学理想的荣誉人物,并在此背景下提到了她关于这一主题的个人教学活动。
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引用次数: 0
Husserlův Platón
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-6
Ivan Blecha
Unlike Martin Heidegger, who was always critical of Plato’s role in the history of philosophy, and Jan Patočka, who was more charitable but still had serious misgivings about Plato, Edmund Husserl saw Plato truly positively. However, his view resulted from the fact that he had simplified Plato’s theory substantially and adapted it to his own view of philosophy. According to Husserl, Plato was an inspirational figure as a founder of philosophical ‘theory of science’, and because he sought abstract knowledge of the Forms, he could serve as a useful contrast to the one-sided philosophy of modern empiricism. This paper attempts to present Husserl’s position in a greater detail and assess it.
马丁·海德格尔总是对柏拉图在哲学史上的角色持批评态度,扬·帕托卡则更宽容,但对柏拉图仍有严重的疑虑,与他不同,埃德蒙·胡塞尔确实积极地看待柏拉图。然而,他的观点源于他实质上简化了柏拉图的理论,并使之适应于他自己的哲学观。根据胡塞尔的说法,柏拉图作为哲学“科学理论”的创始人是一个鼓舞人心的人物,因为他寻求形式的抽象知识,他可以作为一个有用的对比,片面的现代经验主义哲学。本文试图更详细地呈现胡塞尔的立场,并对其进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
Dopisy Jana Patočky Robertu Konečnému
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-5
Helena Pavlincová
The contribution contains 11 unpublished letters of Jan Patočka from 1935–1967 supplemented with the author’s comments and explanations. The addressee of the letters, the nature of which is friendly and rather private, was the Brno philosopher, poet and psychologist Robert Konečný. The author devotes the introduction to the illumination of the origins of the letters and the description of the lives of both friends, whose actions, thought and unquestionable moral authority make them integral figures of the humanist tradition of Czech philosophy.
这篇文章包含了Jan pato ka从1935年至1967年的11封未发表的信件,并附有作者的评论和解释。这些信件的收信人是布尔诺哲学家、诗人和心理学家罗伯特Konečný,信件的性质是友好而相当私密的。作者致力于介绍信件的起源,并描述两位朋友的生活,他们的行为,思想和毋庸置疑的道德权威使他们成为捷克哲学人文主义传统的重要人物。
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引用次数: 0
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Filosofie jako životní cesta
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