Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190716102614
Ran Li, Yucheng Gu, Wen Zhang
Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory substances in recent years. Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances. This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy. An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure- activity relationships.
{"title":"Emerging Marine Immunomodulatory Small-molecules (2010- Present)","authors":"Ran Li, Yucheng Gu, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190716102614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190716102614","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in\u0000the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory\u0000substances in recent years.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances.\u0000This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized\u0000derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive\u0000molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse\u0000intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further\u0000studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure-\u0000activity relationships.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"526 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77881084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190328194825
A. Deep, N. Rani, Ashok Kumar, Rimmy Nandal, P. C. Sharma, A. Sharma
Objective: Various natural gums can be synergistically used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to treat cardiovascular diseases. Nanotechnology has been integrated into healthcare in terms of theranostics. In this review, we consider various natural gums that can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles and their role to treat cardiovascular disease. Nanoparticles can carry drugs at nanoscales and deliver them to the targeted sites with the desired pattern of drug release. They have specialized uptake mechanisms (e.g. - absorptive endocytosis) which improve the bioavailability of drugs. By considering cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level, it is possible to modify the materials with nanotechnology and apply nano-formulations efficiently as compared with conventional preparations, due to the fact that the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises components at the nanoscale range. The interactions of ECM components with cellular components occur at the nanoscale, therefore the nanomaterials have the potential to maintain the nanoscale properties of cells. The synthetic materials used to develop the nanoparticulate drug delivery system may cause toxicity. This problem can be overcome by using natural polymers. Natural gums can be used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems as reducing and stabilizing agents and in some cases; they may directly or indirectly influence the rate of drug release and absorption from the preparation.
{"title":"Prospective of Natural Gum Nanoparticulate Against Cardiovascular Disorders","authors":"A. Deep, N. Rani, Ashok Kumar, Rimmy Nandal, P. C. Sharma, A. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190328194825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190328194825","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Objective: Various natural gums can be synergistically used in\u0000nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to treat cardiovascular diseases. Nanotechnology has\u0000been integrated into healthcare in terms of theranostics. In this review, we consider various\u0000natural gums that can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles and their role to treat cardiovascular\u0000disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanoparticles can carry drugs at nanoscales and deliver them to the targeted sites\u0000with the desired pattern of drug release. They have specialized uptake mechanisms (e.g. - absorptive\u0000endocytosis) which improve the bioavailability of drugs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By considering cardiovascular diseases at the molecular level, it is possible to modify\u0000the materials with nanotechnology and apply nano-formulations efficiently as compared\u0000with conventional preparations, due to the fact that the extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises\u0000components at the nanoscale range. The interactions of ECM components with cellular components\u0000occur at the nanoscale, therefore the nanomaterials have the potential to maintain the\u0000nanoscale properties of cells. The synthetic materials used to develop the nanoparticulate\u0000drug delivery system may cause toxicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This problem can be overcome by using natural polymers. Natural gums can be\u0000used in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems as reducing and stabilizing agents and in some\u0000cases; they may directly or indirectly influence the rate of drug release and absorption from\u0000the preparation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86812360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190903115853
K. Upadhyay, Ankit Viramgami
The serum copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations are common blood markers of copper metabolism. In altered physiological conditions, Cp can act as an acute phase reactant and its concentration may increase.To evaluate specific enzymatic activity of Cp as a potential indicator of Cu status and its correlation with serum Cu level.Serum Cu levels were estimated as per NIOSH method. Specific enzymatic activity of Cp was determined from enzymatic activity and immune concentration of Cp as per standard methods. The statistical analysis was carried out using the package of social science (SPSS) software.The difference in mean specific enzymatic activity of Cp was statistically significant between clinical and control groups. In control population, the correlation between serum Cu level and specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderate and statistically significant (r=0.566, p=0.014, N=18) as compared to the clinical group (r=0.338, p=0.016, N=50).The study revealed that clinical group was significantly different in specific enzymatic activity of Cp as compared to control group. Besides this, the specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderately but significantly correlated with serum Cu level in control group but did not reveal conclusive evidence in clinical population.
{"title":"Specific Enzymatic Activity of Ceruloplasmin as a Potential Indicator of Copper Status","authors":"K. Upadhyay, Ankit Viramgami","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190903115853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190903115853","url":null,"abstract":"The serum copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations are common blood markers of copper metabolism. In altered physiological conditions, Cp can act as an acute phase reactant and its concentration may increase.To evaluate specific enzymatic activity of Cp as a potential indicator of Cu status and its correlation with serum Cu level.Serum Cu levels were estimated as per NIOSH method. Specific enzymatic activity of Cp was determined from enzymatic activity and immune concentration of Cp as per standard methods. The statistical analysis was carried out using the package of social science (SPSS) software.The difference in mean specific enzymatic activity of Cp was statistically significant between clinical and control groups. In control population, the correlation between serum Cu level and specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderate and statistically significant (r=0.566, p=0.014, N=18) as compared to the clinical group (r=0.338, p=0.016, N=50).The study revealed that clinical group was significantly different in specific enzymatic activity of Cp as compared to control group. Besides this, the specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderately but significantly correlated with serum Cu level in control group but did not reveal conclusive evidence in clinical population.","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78335282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190207144407
K. Mayura, S. L. Khan, Hature Jyoti
Cancer is an extremely fast, unrestrained and pathological propagation of cells. Yet there is no cancer treatment that is 100% efficient against scattered cancer. Heterocycles have been considered as a boon to treat several cancers of which pyrimidine is a core nucleus and holds an important place in cancer chemotherapy which is reflected in the use of drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, erlotinib, gefitinib and caneratinib. Also, many good antitumor active agents possess benzimidazoleas its core nucleus. To design novel pyrimidine-linked benzimidazoles and to explore their structural requirements related to anticancer potential. 2D and 3D Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out on a series of already synthesized 27 pyrimidine-benzimidazole derivatives. Statistically significant and optimum 2D-QSAR model was developed by using step-wise variable multiple linear regression method, yielding correlation coefficient r2 = 0.89, cross-validated squared correlation coefficient q2 = 0.79 and external predictive ability of pred_r2 = 0.73 Best 3D-QSAR model was developed by employing molecular field analysis using step-wise variable k-nearest neighbor method which showed good correlative and predictive abilities in terms of q2 =0.77 and pred_r2= 0.93. These 2D and 3D models were found to give dependable indications which helped to optimize the pyrimidine-benzimidazole derivatives of the data set. The data yielded by 2D- QSAR and 3D-QSAR models will aid in giving better perceptions about structural requirements for developing newer anticancer agents.
{"title":"Investigating Structural Requirements of Some Pyrimidine-linked Benzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents Against MCF-7 Cancerous Cell Line Through the use of 2D and 3D QSARs","authors":"K. Mayura, S. L. Khan, Hature Jyoti","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190207144407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190207144407","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is an extremely fast, unrestrained and pathological propagation\u0000of cells. Yet there is no cancer treatment that is 100% efficient against scattered cancer.\u0000Heterocycles have been considered as a boon to treat several cancers of which pyrimidine is\u0000a core nucleus and holds an important place in cancer chemotherapy which is reflected in the\u0000use of drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, erlotinib, gefitinib and caneratinib. Also, many good antitumor\u0000active agents possess benzimidazoleas its core nucleus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To design novel pyrimidine-linked benzimidazoles and to explore their structural\u0000requirements related to anticancer potential.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u00002D and 3D Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies were carried\u0000out on a series of already synthesized 27 pyrimidine-benzimidazole derivatives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Statistically significant and optimum 2D-QSAR model was developed by using\u0000step-wise variable multiple linear regression method, yielding correlation coefficient r2 =\u00000.89, cross-validated squared correlation coefficient q2 = 0.79 and external predictive ability\u0000of pred_r2 = 0.73 Best 3D-QSAR model was developed by employing molecular field analysis\u0000using step-wise variable k-nearest neighbor method which showed good correlative and\u0000predictive abilities in terms of q2 =0.77 and pred_r2= 0.93.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These 2D and 3D models were found to give dependable indications which\u0000helped to optimize the pyrimidine-benzimidazole derivatives of the data set. The data yielded\u0000by 2D- QSAR and 3D-QSAR models will aid in giving better perceptions about structural\u0000requirements for developing newer anticancer agents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80559124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190307162405
Z. Izanloo
Silver nanoparticles have a profound role in the field of high sensitivity biomolecular detection, catalysis, biosensors and medicine. In the present study, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi has been used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant features and the possibility of biosynthesis of AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi and also evaluated the antibacterial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles. An eco-friendly and cost-effective protocol for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by utilizing a renewable natural resource, aqueous solution of Dracocephalum kotschyi, was proposed. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD pattern. At first, the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi was assessed to determine and confirm the presence of an antioxidant feature. Resuscitation of one mM silver nitrate solution was carried out by the herbal extract. The solution containing AgNPs obtained from green synthesis had a maximum optical density at 225 nm. In addition, the presence of AgNPs was approved by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Images of the scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs had the shape of rods and the size distribution of 48-51 nm. One of the benefits of this method is a uniform size distribution. Moreover, the effects of reaction time and concentration of the herbal extract were assessed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. In the end, we assessed the antibacterial impact of the synthesized AgNPs against some pathogenic bacterial strains. According to the results, the produced nanostructures had a proper impact on two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the results of the present study, Dracocephalum kotschyi can be a suitable compound for the synthesis of nanostructures due to its indigenous cultivation and great medicinal properties.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures Using Aqueous Extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Herbal Extracts and Antibacterial Feature of Green- Synthesized Nanostructures","authors":"Z. Izanloo","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190307162405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190307162405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silver nanoparticles have a profound role in the field of high sensitivity\u0000biomolecular detection, catalysis, biosensors and medicine. In the present study,\u0000aqueous extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi has been used for the synthesis of silver\u0000nanoparticles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant features and the possibility of biosynthesis\u0000of AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi and also evaluated the\u0000antibacterial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An eco-friendly and cost-effective protocol for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by\u0000utilizing a renewable natural resource, aqueous solution of Dracocephalum kotschyi, was\u0000proposed. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM,\u0000EDS, and XRD pattern.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000At first, the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi was assessed to determine and confirm\u0000the presence of an antioxidant feature. Resuscitation of one mM silver nitrate solution\u0000was carried out by the herbal extract. The solution containing AgNPs obtained from green\u0000synthesis had a maximum optical density at 225 nm. In addition, the presence of AgNPs was\u0000approved by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Images of the scanning electron\u0000microscope demonstrated that the synthesized AgNPs had the shape of rods and the size distribution\u0000of 48-51 nm. One of the benefits of this method is a uniform size distribution.\u0000Moreover, the effects of reaction time and concentration of the herbal extract were assessed\u0000by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. In the end, we assessed the antibacterial impact\u0000of the synthesized AgNPs against some pathogenic bacterial strains. According to the results,\u0000the produced nanostructures had a proper impact on two bacteria of Escherichia coli and\u0000Staphylococcus aureus.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to the results of the present study, Dracocephalum kotschyi can be a\u0000suitable compound for the synthesis of nanostructures due to its indigenous cultivation and\u0000great medicinal properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81448465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-23DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190823091033
N. Sharma
This is an Editorial type of article.
这是一篇社论式的文章。
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas Technology: A Role in Transcriptional Recording and Chromatin Remodeling Events","authors":"N. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190823091033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190823091033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This is an Editorial type of article.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73591665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666181219124924
M. Nasser, N. Hazem, A. Atwa, A. Baiomy
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, chronic, and systematic disease. It affects joints and bones. The exact etiology of RA is still unclear. Varied genetic and environmental factors have been associated with the increased risk for RA. Overactivation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) could initiate the development of autoimmune diseases including RA. The aim of the study was to evaluate TLR2 gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients and investigate its correlation with the disease activity. This study included 60 patients and 20 healthy individuals. The patients were diagnosed with RA according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism criteria (ACR/EULAR). All included subjects did not have any joint disorders and /or autoimmune diseases. RA disease activity was determined by the disease activity score of 28 joints. Whole blood was collected from all participants. Total RNA extraction was done. TLR2 mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). TLR2 mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Also, a strong positive correlation was found between TLR2 expression level and the disease activity score. A non significant positive correlation was found between TLR2 expression and serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) level. TLR2 pathway may have an important role in RA pathogenesis and could be a new biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.
{"title":"Evaluation of Toll-like Receptor 2 Gene Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Correlation with the Disease Activity","authors":"M. Nasser, N. Hazem, A. Atwa, A. Baiomy","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666181219124924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666181219124924","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, chronic, and systematic\u0000disease. It affects joints and bones. The exact etiology of RA is still unclear. Varied genetic\u0000and environmental factors have been associated with the increased risk for RA. Overactivation\u0000of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) could initiate the development of autoimmune diseases\u0000including RA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of the study was to evaluate TLR2 gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis\u0000patients and investigate its correlation with the disease activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study included 60 patients and 20 healthy individuals. The patients\u0000were diagnosed with RA according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/\u0000European League Against Rheumatism criteria (ACR/EULAR). All included subjects\u0000did not have any joint disorders and /or autoimmune diseases. RA disease activity was determined\u0000by the disease activity score of 28 joints. Whole blood was collected from all participants.\u0000Total RNA extraction was done. TLR2 mRNA expression was assessed by reverse\u0000transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000TLR2 mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in RA patients compared\u0000to healthy controls. Also, a strong positive correlation was found between TLR2 expression\u0000level and the disease activity score. A non significant positive correlation was found\u0000between TLR2 expression and serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) level.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000TLR2 pathway may have an important role in RA pathogenesis and could be a\u0000new biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84236488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190221152908
Anmol Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
DNA is one of the most important biomolecules of living cells which carries genetic information from generation to generation. Many endogenous and exogenous agents may disrupt the structure of DNA. Change in the cellular genome can lead to errors in replication, transcription and in protein synthesis. DNA damage occurs naturally or result from a metabolic and hydrolytic process which release some very active chemical entities like free radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Intermediate (RNI), Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products and alkylating agents. Superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide cause a significant threat to cellular integrity by damaging the DNA, lipids, proteins and other biomolecules. Oxidative stress may be explained as a disturbance in the number of free radicals and our system’s ability to neutralize these free radicals. Imbalances in the normal redox potential can also lead to toxic effects via the generation of peroxides. Oxidation of DNA bases leads to the base damage, nick in the strand and break in the strand either single or double strand. Oxidative stress can also cause modifications in normal mechanisms of cell signaling. DNA mutation can result in a number of genetic abnormalities such as cancer, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. Human body has special protection in the form of antioxidant molecules and enzymes against these free radicals. Generation of ROS and its neutralization must be regulated to protect cells and signalling biomolecules from the deleterious effect of oxidative stress with the involvement of antioxidant systems, enzymes, and specific proteins. DNA repair system is a complex system which helps in the identification, removal of the wrong nucleotide and repairs them and as a result, the cell will produce correct and functional protein and active enzyme.
{"title":"Endogenous Repair System of Oxidative Damage of DNA","authors":"Anmol Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190221152908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190221152908","url":null,"abstract":"DNA is one of the most important biomolecules of living cells which carries genetic information from generation to generation. Many endogenous and exogenous agents may disrupt the structure of DNA. Change in the cellular genome can lead to errors in replication, transcription and in protein synthesis. DNA damage occurs naturally or result from a metabolic and hydrolytic process which release some very active chemical entities like free radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Intermediate (RNI), Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), lipid peroxidation products and alkylating agents. Superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide cause a significant threat to cellular integrity by damaging the DNA, lipids, proteins and other biomolecules. Oxidative stress may be explained as a disturbance in the number of free radicals and our system’s ability to neutralize these free radicals. Imbalances in the normal redox potential can also lead to toxic effects via the generation of peroxides. Oxidation of DNA bases leads to the base damage, nick in the strand and break in the strand either single or double strand. Oxidative stress can also cause modifications in normal mechanisms of cell signaling. DNA mutation can result in a number of genetic abnormalities such as cancer, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. Human body has special protection in the form of antioxidant molecules and enzymes against these free radicals. Generation of ROS and its neutralization must be regulated to protect cells and signalling biomolecules from the deleterious effect of oxidative stress with the involvement of antioxidant systems, enzymes, and specific proteins. DNA repair system is a complex system which helps in the identification, removal of the wrong nucleotide and repairs them and as a result, the cell will produce correct and functional protein and active enzyme.","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83398795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666190214112129
P. Maheswari, Renuga Duraisamy, M. Kanagavel, K. Natarajaseenivasan, K. M. M. S. Begum, R. Kandasamy
The ligand Hpyramol is a redox active, which on coordination with Cu(II) cleaves DNA without any added reductant. Another ligand phendione is known for its wide application towards anticancer activities. We combined the ligands with CuCl2 to have an intercalation moiety and a redox active ligand in participation towards telomere DNA cleavage and anticancer activity.In this study, our aim is to interact it with Human telomere DNA and to see their effects on cancer cells.The complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] has interacted with the human telomere DNA sequence (TTAGGG), HTelo20. The HTelo20 was stabilized under both parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex conformations and the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] has interacted followed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis.The parallel G-quadruplex and randomly coiled conformations of HTelo20 were easily cleaved than the anti-parallel G-quadruplex conformation. The nature of DNA cleavage was found to be oxidative rather hydrolytic. The formation of phenoxyl radical species under electrochemical and controlled potential electrolysis conditions by the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] proves the possibility of oxidative nature of DNA cleavage. The comet assay also proves the DNA cleavage induced by the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] inside the nucleus of HeLa cancer cells.The complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] was tested for anticancer activity, induced by ROS and DNA cleavage. The IC50 values resulted in nanomolar concentrations with selected cancer cell lines. Relatively the Cu complex shows less toxicity with the normal cell line L132.
{"title":"Telomere DNA Binding, Cleavage and Anticancer Activity of [Cu(phendione)(Hpyramol)Cl]","authors":"P. Maheswari, Renuga Duraisamy, M. Kanagavel, K. Natarajaseenivasan, K. M. M. S. Begum, R. Kandasamy","doi":"10.2174/2212796813666190214112129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796813666190214112129","url":null,"abstract":"The ligand Hpyramol is a redox active, which on coordination with Cu(II) cleaves DNA without any added reductant. Another ligand phendione is known for its wide application towards anticancer activities. We combined the ligands with CuCl2 to have an intercalation moiety and a redox active ligand in participation towards telomere DNA cleavage and anticancer activity.In this study, our aim is to interact it with Human telomere DNA and to see their effects on cancer cells.The complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] has interacted with the human telomere DNA sequence (TTAGGG), HTelo20. The HTelo20 was stabilized under both parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex conformations and the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] has interacted followed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis.The parallel G-quadruplex and randomly coiled conformations of HTelo20 were easily cleaved than the anti-parallel G-quadruplex conformation. The nature of DNA cleavage was found to be oxidative rather hydrolytic. The formation of phenoxyl radical species under electrochemical and controlled potential electrolysis conditions by the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] proves the possibility of oxidative nature of DNA cleavage. The comet assay also proves the DNA cleavage induced by the complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] inside the nucleus of HeLa cancer cells.The complex [Cu(L)(L’)Cl] was tested for anticancer activity, induced by ROS and DNA cleavage. The IC50 values resulted in nanomolar concentrations with selected cancer cell lines. Relatively the Cu complex shows less toxicity with the normal cell line L132.","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90112621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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