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Reproductive cycle of the black coral Antipathes galapagensis in the Bay of La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico 墨西哥加利福尼亚湾拉巴斯湾黑珊瑚 Antipathes galapagensis 的繁殖周期
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02508-6
Antonella Lavorato, Marzia Bo, Héctor Reyes-Bonilla, Pedro Medina-Rosas, Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo

Antipathes galapagensis, Deichmann (Smithson Misc Collect 9:1–18, 1941), has been the object of intensive fishing in the Eastern Tropical Pacific due to its large and arborescent colonies and dense forests. Despite its importance as a habitat-forming species, little information exists about its basic biology. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe its reproductive cycle. Samplings were performed in Espiritu Santo Archipelago (La Paz Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico) over 22 months. Histological analyses were conducted on 197 coral samples collected to assess their reproductive strategy from 2018 to 2019. For the first time, male and female gametogenic development stages are described for the species, determining the mean diameter and size range of oocytes and spermatocysts for each gametogenesis sub-stage. The black coral A. galapagensis is an external spawner, adopting a partial spawning strategy, showing evidence of sequential hermaphroditism, and this latter representing the first documentation for the order Antipatharia. The estimated colony sexual maturity height is 102 and 93 cm for females and males, respectively. Gametogenesis begins in June and reaches the reproductive peak in September–October, where the highest frequency is observed of mature females and males and partial spawning. The reproductive cycle shows a correlation with seawater surface temperature increase in the study area, which reaches its maximum from September–October. The results provide the first knowledge contribution to the species biology, essential for its protection and conservation management.

Antipathes galapagensis,Deichmann(《Smithson Misc Collect》9:1-18,1941 年),由于其庞大的树状群落和茂密的森林,一直是东热带太平洋地区密集捕捞的对象。尽管它作为栖息地形成物种非常重要,但有关其基本生物学特性的信息却很少。因此,本研究的目的是描述其繁殖周期。本研究在圣埃斯皮里图群岛(墨西哥加利福尼亚湾拉巴斯湾)进行了为期 22 个月的取样。对收集到的 197 个珊瑚样本进行了组织学分析,以评估它们在 2018 年至 2019 年期间的繁殖策略。首次描述了该物种的雌雄配子发生发育阶段,确定了每个配子发生子阶段卵母细胞和精母细胞的平均直径和大小范围。黑珊瑚 A. galapagensis 是一种外向型产卵者,采用部分产卵策略,显示出顺序雌雄同体的证据,后者是 Antipatharia 目中的首次文献记载。据估计,雌性和雄性的群落性成熟高度分别为 102 厘米和 93 厘米。配子发生从 6 月开始,9-10 月达到生殖高峰,在此期间,成熟的雌性和雄性以及部分产卵的频率最高。生殖周期与研究区域海水表面温度的升高有关,海水表面温度在 9-10 月达到最高值。这些结果首次为物种生物学提供了知识,对其保护和养护管理至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Macroalgal presence decreases coral calcification rates more than ocean acidification 巨藻的存在比海洋酸化更能降低珊瑚的钙化率
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02515-7
Ashtyn L. Isaak, Maureen Ho, Max S. Dhillon, Maggie D. Johnson, Hildegard Westphal, Steve S. Doo

Global coral reef degradation has precipitated phase shifts toward macroalgal-dominated communities. Despite the negative repercussions for reefscapes, higher abundances of primary producers have the potential to positively impact the physicochemical environment and mitigate negative impacts of ocean acidification (OA). In this study, we investigated the influence of macroalgal (cf. Sargassum vulgare) density on coral (Acropora millepora and A. hemprichii) calcification rates under current and future OA conditions. Corals were resistant to OA up to ~ 1100 µatm, with no changes in calcification rates. However, the presence of (low and high density) algae reduced calcification rates by ~ 41.8%, suggesting either a chemical defense response due to algal metabolites or potential physical impacts from shading or abrasion. Documented beneficial buffering effects of macroalgae in OA may also elicit negative impacts on coral calcification, suggesting further work is needed to elucidate how species interactions influence responses to projected climate change.

全球珊瑚礁的退化导致了以大型藻类为主的群落的阶段性转变。尽管这对珊瑚礁景观造成了负面影响,但初级生产者丰度的提高有可能对物理化学环境产生积极影响,并减轻海洋酸化(OA)的负面影响。在这项研究中,我们调查了在当前和未来 OA 条件下,大型藻类(马尾藻)密度对珊瑚(Acropora millepora 和 A. hemprichii)钙化率的影响。珊瑚对大约 1100 µatm 以下的 OA 具有抵抗力,钙化率没有变化。然而,(低密度和高密度)藻类的存在使钙化率降低了约 41.8%,这表明藻类代谢产物产生了化学防御反应,或遮光或磨损产生了潜在的物理影响。记录的大型藻类在 OA 中的有益缓冲作用也可能对珊瑚钙化产生负面影响,这表明需要进一步研究物种相互作用如何影响对预测气候变化的响应。
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引用次数: 0
The diversity, distribution, and temporal stability of coral ‘zooxanthellae’ on a pacific reef: from the scale of individual colonies to across the host community 太平洋珊瑚礁上珊瑚 "生物贝壳 "的多样性、分布和时间稳定性:从单个珊瑚群到整个寄主群落的范围
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02503-x
Allison M. Lewis, Caleb C. Butler, Kira E. Turnham, Drew F. Wham, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Robin T. Smith, Dustin W. Kemp, Mark E. Warner, Todd C. LaJeunesse

The ecological and evolutionary consequences of partner fidelity and flexibility among coral–dinoflagellate mutualisms are widely debated. Resident symbionts can modulate the resilience of their hosts to environmental stressors, which explains, in part, why host–symbiont combinations differ over broad geographic ranges and across physical–environmental gradients in light and temperature. Therefore, flexibility in these mutualisms may influence the longevity of coral populations and communities subjected to ocean warming. However, despite decades of research, basic knowledge about these mutualisms remains incomplete, hindering the development of predictive ecological theory. In particular, few studies have investigated the long-term composition of symbiont populations within individual colonies. To further examine the extent to which coral colonies have stable relationships with specific symbionts over multiple years, diverse coral taxa (Scleractinia) from a West Indo-Pacific fore reef (Palau) were tagged and sampled at various intervals—ranging from six months to several years—over nine years' time. Symbiont identity was examined using multiple genetic markers that resolved symbiont diversity to species and individual genotypes (i.e., clonal strains). Members of the genus Cladocopium (formerly Symbiodinium Clade C) were prevalent across the host community. Generally, corals with open modes of symbiont acquisition harbored a host–generalist symbiont, while corals with vertical symbiont transmission were associated with co-evolved host-specific symbionts. Consistent with previous colony monitoring studies, symbiont populations in a majority of colonies were dominated by one species and one strain (based on multilocus genotyping) over multiple years. Thus, the distribution of symbiont diversity at the genus, species and clone level, comprising specific and stable partner combinations, scale predictably to reef habitat, host taxon, and individual colony. Recognizing these fundamental ecological patterns establishes a more comprehensive understanding of the population and community structure of these mutualisms.

珊瑚-鞭毛虫互生关系中伴侣的忠诚度和灵活性对生态和进化的影响引起了广泛的争论。常驻共生体可以调节宿主对环境压力的恢复能力,这在一定程度上解释了为什么宿主-共生体组合在广阔的地理范围内以及在光照和温度的物理环境梯度上存在差异。因此,这些互生关系的灵活性可能会影响珊瑚种群和群落在海洋变暖中的寿命。然而,尽管经过几十年的研究,有关这些互生关系的基础知识仍然不完整,阻碍了预测性生态理论的发展。特别是,很少有研究调查了单个珊瑚群中共生生物种群的长期组成。为了进一步研究珊瑚群与特定共生体之间多年稳定关系的程度,我们对西印度洋-太平洋前礁(帕劳)的不同珊瑚类群(硬骨鱼纲)进行了标记,并在九年时间内以不同间隔(从六个月到数年不等)对其进行采样。使用多种遗传标记对共生体的特性进行了研究,从而将共生体的多样性分解为物种和个体基因型(即克隆菌株)。Cladocopium属(前共生藻支系C)的成员在整个宿主群落中普遍存在。一般来说,共生体获取模式开放的珊瑚栖息着宿主通用的共生体,而共生体垂直传播的珊瑚则与共同进化的宿主特异性共生体有关。与之前的珊瑚群监测研究一致,大多数珊瑚群中的共生体种群在多年内都以一种物种和一种菌株为主(根据多聚焦基因分型)。因此,共生生物多样性在属、种和克隆水平上的分布,包括特定和稳定的伙伴组合,与珊瑚礁栖息地、宿主类群和单个珊瑚礁的比例是可预测的。认识到这些基本生态模式,就能更全面地了解这些互生关系的种群和群落结构。
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引用次数: 0
Natural products from Caribbean octocorals demonstrate bioactivity against Vibrio coralliilyticus strains 加勒比八珊瑚中的天然产品对珊瑚弧菌菌株具有生物活性
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02516-6
M. Monti, A. Giorgi, V. J. Paul, S. P. Gunasekera, L. J. Houk, C. Dugan, T. DeMarco, J. B. Olson

Caribbean coral reefs are currently facing a rapid decline caused by a plethora of threats including disease outbreaks. Octocorals appear to be unaffected by the majority of diseases impacting scleractinian corals, including stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) that emerged in 2014 and resulted in a mass mortality of scleractinian coral populations inhabiting Florida, the USA, and Caribbean reefs. Although the Caribbean Sea is considered a disease hot spot, few investigations into the mechanism(s) responsible for the resistance of octocorals have been conducted. In response, the capacity for octocoral-derived extracts and natural products to inhibit strains of Vibrio coralliilyticus, pathogenic bacteria that can cause bleaching and disease in stony corals and can co-occur in SCTLD infections, was explored. Extracts obtained from each of the four octocoral species studied demonstrated antimicrobial activity against V. coralliilyticus. Bioassay-guided fractionations of crude extracts from Antillogorgia americana were employed to identify the antimicrobial compounds, revealing the presence of secosterols in the most bioactive fractions. These results suggest that octocoral species may utilize chemical defenses to protect themselves against infection by strains of a known coral pathogen and contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the success of octocorals on Caribbean reefs.

加勒比海的珊瑚礁目前正面临着包括疾病爆发在内的多种威胁而导致的快速衰退。八叠珊瑚似乎不受影响硬骨珊瑚的大多数疾病的影响,包括 2014 年出现的石珊瑚组织缺失症(SCTLD),该疾病导致栖息在美国佛罗里达州和加勒比海珊瑚礁的硬骨珊瑚种群大量死亡。虽然加勒比海被认为是疾病热点地区,但对八角珊瑚的抗病机制却鲜有研究。为此,研究人员探索了章鱼提取物和天然产品对珊瑚弧菌菌株的抑制能力,珊瑚弧菌是一种病原菌,可导致石珊瑚白化和疾病,并可同时感染SCTLD。从所研究的四种八瓣珊瑚中提取的提取物均对珊瑚弧菌具有抗菌活性。在生物测定的指导下,对美洲八带珊瑚的粗提取物进行了分馏,以确定抗菌化合物,结果发现生物活性最强的馏分中含有仲甾醇。这些结果表明,八带珊瑚物种可能利用化学防御来保护自己免受已知珊瑚病原体菌株的感染,并为八带珊瑚在加勒比海珊瑚礁上取得成功的知识体系做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The hydrodynamics of Lizard Island lagoon, Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁蜥蜴岛泻湖的流体力学
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02511-x
Caitlin J. Philipps, David R. Bellwood

Hydrodynamic processes are a major driver for marine systems, linking marine organisms with their environment. However, a lack of hydrodynamic data at an ecologically relevant spatial resolution has stymied our understanding of reef function, as exemplified by Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef. To address this gap, 23 to 27 Marotte HS current meters were deployed over three periods, collecting 15 months of current velocity data. Combining these data with wind and tide datasets, we provide a preliminary description of the circulation in the Lizard Island lagoon, examining wind and tide influence, and flushing time. During south-easterly trade winds, flood tides flow through the Lagoon Entrance, while wind-induced waves cross the Bird-South crest, driving a north-westerly flow through Loomis Channel and across the western lagoon. Ebb tides flow east–south-east through the Lagoon Entrance and south-west through the Palfrey-South channel. Tides contribute a mean of 20.4% to the overall current speed, particularly in deeper sites with less reef interference, while shallow sites were more influenced by wind. Lizard Island lagoon flushing times ranged from a few hours to 10 days; longer during periods with low wind speeds. Hindcast flushing times during the 2016 coral bleaching event (following 8 Degree Heating Weeks) were approximately 22 h, suggesting that flushing time likely had minimal influence on bleaching. Our analyses provide initial insights into the circulation of the Lizard Island system and aid understanding of the potential relationships between reef organisms and their physical environment, bridging the gap between ecology and hydrodynamics.

水动力过程是海洋系统的主要驱动力,将海洋生物与其环境联系在一起。然而,由于缺乏与生态相关的空间分辨率的水动力数据,我们对珊瑚礁功能的了解受到了阻碍,大堡礁上的蜥蜴岛就是一个例子。为了填补这一空白,我们在三个时期内部署了 23 至 27 台 Marotte HS 流速仪,收集了 15 个月的流速数据。将这些数据与风力和潮汐数据集相结合,我们对蜥蜴岛环礁湖的环流进行了初步描述,研究了风力和潮汐的影响以及冲刷时间。刮东南信风时,洪潮流经泻湖入口,而风引起的波浪则穿过南鸟峰,推动西北流经卢米斯海峡和泻湖西部。退潮潮水自东向南流经潟湖入口,自西向南流经帕尔弗雷-南水道。潮汐对总体流速的平均影响为 20.4%,尤其是在礁石干扰较少的深水区,而浅水区则受风的影响较大。蜥蜴岛泻湖的水流冲刷时间从几小时到 10 天不等;风速低时冲刷时间更长。在 2016 年珊瑚白化事件期间(8 度加热周之后),后报冲洗时间约为 22 小时,这表明冲洗时间对白化的影响可能微乎其微。我们的分析提供了对蜥蜴岛系统环流的初步认识,有助于理解珊瑚礁生物与其物理环境之间的潜在关系,缩小了生态学与流体力学之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae dynamics during the 2016 mass bleaching event in New Caledonia 2016 年新喀里多尼亚大规模白化事件期间珊瑚相关共生藻的动态变化
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02510-y
Tullia I. Terraneo, Fanny Houlbreque, Roberto Arrigoni, Benedetta Longari, Michael L. Berumen, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Sylvie Fiat, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Claude E. Payri, Christian R. Voolstra, Francesca Benzoni

The ecological success of shallow water corals hinges on their association with photosynthetic Symbiodiniaceae algae. This is affected by environmental drivers among which sea temperature is pivotal. In 2016, a prolonged heat wave challenged New Caledonia reefs triggering a severe bleaching event. Here, we tracked 72 coral colonies comprising two species of Pocillopora and Porites from a cross-shelf gradient during the event and subsequent recovery period. Symbiodiniaceae association over time was assessed using the ITS2 marker. Bleaching prevalence and photosynthetic efficiency showed that 83% of Pocillopora and 29% of Porites colonies were affected, with corals from a mid-shelf site having been most impacted. The majority of tracked colonies recovered by December 2016, with a recorded 33% mortality of Pocillopora, while Porites showed higher resilience. Consistent with previous studies, genotyping data suggest stable, species- and site-specific associations between corals and Symbiodiniaceae.

浅水珊瑚的生态成功取决于它们与光合作用的共生藻类的结合。这受到环境因素的影响,其中海水温度是关键因素。2016 年,持续的热浪对新喀里多尼亚珊瑚礁构成了挑战,引发了严重的白化事件。在此,我们在事件发生期间和随后的恢复期跟踪了跨大陆架梯度的 72 个珊瑚群落,其中包括两种 Pocillopora 和 Porites。使用 ITS2 标记评估了共生藻科在不同时期的关联性。白化发生率和光合作用效率表明,83%的 Pocillopora 和 29% 的 Porites 群体受到了影响,其中来自中陆的珊瑚受到的影响最大。大多数被追踪的珊瑚群在 2016 年 12 月前恢复,记录的 Pocillopora 死亡率为 33%,而 Porites 则表现出较高的恢复能力。与之前的研究一致,基因分型数据表明珊瑚与共生藻之间存在稳定的、物种和地点特定的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event: Where do we go from here? 第四次全球珊瑚白化事件:我们该何去何从?
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02504-w
James Davis Reimer, Raquel S. Peixoto, Sarah W. Davies, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Morgan L. Short, Rafael A. Cabral-Tena, John A. Burt, Igor Pessoa, Anastazia T. Banaszak, R. Scott Winters, Tom Moore, Verena Schoepf, Deepeeka Kaullysing, Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera, Gert Wörheide, Simon Harding, Vikash Munbodhe, Anderson Mayfield, Tracy Ainsworth, Tali Vardi, C. Mark Eakin, Morgan S. Pratchett, Christian R. Voolstra
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引用次数: 0
A new type of Halimeda bioherm on the Queensland Plateau, NE Australia 澳大利亚东北部昆士兰高原上的一种新型 Halimeda 生物herm
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02500-0
Jesus Reolid, Or M. Bialik, Sebastian Lindhorst, Jan Oliver Eisermann, Alexander Petrovic, Carola Hincke, Robin J. Beaman, Jody M. Webster, Christian Betzler

Morphology, internal structure, and in situ facies distribution of mesophotic Halimeda bioherms from the Queensland Plateau (NE Australia) are presented based on hydroacoustic and oceanographic data, seafloor observations, and discrete sediment sampling carried out during RV SONNE cruise SO292 in 2022. Halimeda buildups consist of cone-like mounds up to 500 m in diameter and 3–10 m high, with gentle slopes (2°–5° on the top of Tregrosse Bank). Bioherms occur in water depths of 10–70 m, with most bioherm between 50 and 65 m. Their internal structure consists of aggrading low-amplitude reflections at the core of the bioherm interfingering with high-amplitude reflections to the flanks. Surface facies distribution displays one to four facies belts, from distal to proximal: Halimeda rudstone, Halimeda rudstone with living plants, Halimeda rudstone with coralgal debris, and coralgal boundstone (when present, occupied the top of the bioherms). It is proposed that the alternation of two key processes contributes to the formation of these bioherms: (1) in situ accumulation of Halimeda debris and (2) episodic dismantling of the mesophotic coralgal boundstone at the centre of the bioherm by severe storms. These storms may dismantle the mesophotic reef and export coralgal rubble to the flanks. Flanks may be recolonized by Halimeda during fair-weather periods. Due to their different geomorphic expressions, complex internal structure, and surficial facies distribution, we suggest that the buildups of the Queensland Plateau represent a new Halimeda bioherm morphotype, distinct from previously described bioherms on the adjacent Great Barrier Reef and elsewhere globally.

根据水声学和海洋学数据、海底观测结果以及 2022 年 RV SONNE SO292 号巡航航次期间进行的离散沉积物取样,介绍了昆士兰高原(澳大利亚东北部)中生代 Halimeda 生物群落的形态、内部结构和原位面分布。Halimeda 生物群由直径达 500 米、高 3-10 米、坡度平缓(特雷格罗斯浅滩顶部为 2°-5°)的锥形土丘组成。生物圈出现在水深 10-70 米的地方,大多数生物圈在 50-65 米之间。生物圈的内部结构包括生物圈核心逐渐增强的低振幅反射与侧面的高振幅反射。地表岩相分布显示出一至四个岩相带,从远端到近端依次为:水螅状泥岩、水螅状泥岩与活植物、水螅状泥岩与珊瑚碎屑,以及珊瑚束岩(出现时占据生物圈顶部)。据推测,两个关键过程的交替进行有助于这些生物圈的形成:(1)海藻碎屑的原地堆积;(2)强风暴对生物圈中心的中生珊瑚藻界石的偶发性破坏。这些风暴可能会摧毁中生珊瑚礁,并将珊瑚碎屑输出到侧翼。在天气晴好的时候,侧翼可能会被水螅重新占据。由于其不同的地貌表现、复杂的内部结构和表层分布,我们认为昆士兰高原的堆积物代表了一种新的 Halimeda 生物herm 形态,有别于之前在邻近的大堡礁和全球其他地方描述的生物herm。
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引用次数: 0
Proton-pumping rhodopsin of the coral symbiont Breviolum minutum and its potential role in coping with phosphorus deficiency in future warmer ocean 珊瑚共生藻 "Breviolum minutum "的质子泵浦红蛋白及其在应对未来变暖海洋缺磷问题中的潜在作用
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02507-7
Minglei Ma, Yanchun You, Yulin Huang, Xueqiong Sun, Jiashun Li, Ling Li, Yujie Wang, Senjie Lin

Global warming can inhibit chlorophyll-based solar energy capturing of phytoplankton by decreasing nutrient supply through upwelling. However, species with proton-pump rhodopsin (PPR) can independently convert solar energy to cope with nutrient limitation. Besides prokaryotes, PPR has been documented in dinoflagellates and some species of other algal lineages, and its potential role in compensating for the deficiency of phosphorus has been demonstrated in dinoflagellates. However, PPR has not been studied in the coral reef endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae. Here, we report a PPR in Breviolum minutum (BmR). Both phylogenetic analysis and structure prediction results indicate that BmR resembles eukaryotic proton-pump rhodopsins, phylogenetically affiliated with the subgroup xanthorhodopsins. BmR contains the critical residues for proton pumping, retinal binding, and spectrum tuning for green absorption. To explore BmR’s potential roles in responding to phosphorus limitation, we cultured B. minutum under different phosphorus conditions, and monitored physiological and BmR’s transcriptional responses. Phosphorus limitation caused decreases in B. minutum population growth and photosynthesis efficiency. Meanwhile, our quantitative PCR showed that BmR expression was strongly upregulated under phosphorus limitation, showing a strong positive correlation with alkaline phosphatase activity and a negative correlation with photosynthetic efficiency. Our findings demonstrate that proton-pump rhodopsin occurs in Symbiodiniaceae and BmR has the potential to provide supplementary energy to support cell basal metabolisms when photosynthesis of B. minutum is impaired by phosphorus limitation, thereby enabling corals to better weather climate change.

全球变暖会通过上升流减少营养供应,从而抑制浮游植物利用叶绿素捕获太阳能。然而,具有质子泵视紫红质(PPR)的物种可以独立地转换太阳能,以应对营养限制。除原核生物外,PPR 在甲藻和其他藻系的一些物种中也有记录,其在补偿磷缺乏方面的潜在作用已在甲藻中得到证实。然而,在珊瑚礁内共生的共生藻中还没有对 PPR 进行过研究。在这里,我们报告了一种在 Breviolum minutum(BmR)中的 PPR。系统进化分析和结构预测结果表明,BmR 类似于真核生物的质子泵视蛋白,在系统进化上隶属于黄视蛋白亚群。BmR 包含质子泵、视网膜结合和绿色吸收光谱调谐的关键残基。为了探索 BmR 在应对磷限制方面的潜在作用,我们在不同的磷条件下培养 B. minutum,并监测其生理和 BmR 的转录反应。磷限制导致 B. minutum 的种群增长和光合作用效率下降。同时,我们的定量 PCR 结果表明,在磷限制条件下,BmR 的表达强烈上调,与碱性磷酸酶活性呈强正相关,而与光合效率呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明,质子泵视紫红质存在于共生藻中,当B. minutum的光合作用受到磷限制时,BmR有可能提供补充能量,支持细胞的基础代谢,从而使珊瑚更好地应对气候变化。
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引用次数: 0
eDNA monitoring detects new outbreak wave of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef eDNA 监测发现大堡礁蜥蜴岛爆发了新一波食珊瑚海星(Acanthaster cf. solaris)疫情
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-024-02506-8
Sven Uthicke, Jason R. Doyle, Maria Gomez Cabrera, Frances Patel, Madi J. McLatchie, Peter C. Doll, Josie F. Chandler, Morgan S. Pratchett

Crown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS, Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreaks remain a significant cause of coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and across the West-Pacific Ocean. Previous outbreaks on the GBR have only been discovered once fully established, which constrains opportunities for effective control. Early detection of outbreaks would provide an important opportunity for early intervention and increase understanding of outbreak cause(s). Here, we assess the utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring to detect the initiation of a population outbreak at Lizard Island over five years (2019–2023), compared with density estimates obtained using Scooter-Assisted Large Area Diver-based (SALAD) surveys. At each of the five eDNA sampling sites, 30 replicate samples were collected annually and analysed with CoTS-specific primer sets and digital droplet PCR. Both methods detected distinct increases in CoTS densities from 2020/21 onwards, indicating the start of a new population outbreak. A large part of the observed variation in eDNA (expressed as the percentage of positive samples) was explained by changes in recorded CoTS density, confirming that eDNA data provide a quantitative estimate for adult CoTS abundance. SALAD surveys and eDNA are new and complementary monitoring methods that facilitate early detection of CoTS outbreaks, which will enable more effective management intervention.

冠棘海星(CoTS,Acanthaster cf. solaris)的爆发仍然是大堡礁(GBR)和整个西太平洋珊瑚损失的一个重要原因。之前在大堡礁爆发的藻类疫情只有在完全形成后才被发现,这限制了有效控制的机会。对疫情的早期检测将为早期干预提供重要机会,并增加对疫情原因的了解。在此,我们评估了环境 DNA(eDNA)监测在五年内(2019-2023 年)检测蜥蜴岛种群爆发的效用,并与基于滑翔机辅助大面积潜水员(SALAD)调查获得的密度估计值进行了比较。每年在五个 eDNA 采样点各采集 30 个重复样本,并使用 CoTS 特异引物组和数字液滴 PCR 进行分析。从 2020/21 年起,这两种方法都检测到了 CoTS 密度的明显增加,这表明新的种群爆发已经开始。所观察到的 eDNA 变化(以阳性样本百分比表示)的很大一部分是由记录的 CoTS 密度变化所解释的,这证实了 eDNA 数据可对成年 CoTS 的丰度进行定量估计。SALAD 调查和 eDNA 是新的互补监测方法,有助于及早发现 CoTS 的爆发,从而进行更有效的管理干预。
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Coral Reefs
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