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Phenotypic features and molecular study of airborne Penicillium species isolated in the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran. 伊朗布什尔波斯湾北部空气传播青霉的表型特征和分子研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7035
Behrouz Naeimi, Iman Mohsenifard, Saham Ansari, Farzaneh Sadeghzadeh, Gholamreza Khamisipour, Sina Dobaradaran, Fatemeh Faraji Ghasemi, Bahram Ahmadi

Background and purpose: The main environmental saprobes, such as Penicillium, play an essential role in natural ecosystems as economically, ecologically, and medically important microorganisms. Biodiversity of this genus has not been described in Bushehr city, Iran. The present study is based on air biodiversity of Penicillium species on culture-dependent approach and culture-independent technique using partial b-tubulin sequences.

Materials and methods: By using active sampling with a high volume air sampler, a total of 157 Penicillium isolates were selected and screened for phenotypic characters. For the purposes of the study, 46 strains representative of 11 morphological species were selected and identified by molecular analysis.

Results: Based on the findings, P. crustosum (18 isolates, 39.1%) and P. chrysogenum (15 isolates, 32.6%) were the most common isolated species, followed by P. brevicompactum, P. rubens, P. citrinum, P. italicum (each 2 isolates, 4.3%), P. olsonii, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum, P. palitans, and P. polonicum (each 1 isolate, 2.1%). Except for P. chrysogenum and P. expansum with floccose colony texture, the rest of the isolated species had velutinous texture.

Conclusion: This is the first report in southern Iran to identify a large number of Penicillium strains isolated from air samples, showing P. crustosum and P. chrysogenum as the most common isolated species.

背景和目的:主要的环境腐菌,如青霉,作为经济、生态和医学上重要的微生物,在自然生态系统中发挥着重要作用。该属的生物多样性尚未在伊朗布什尔市得到描述。本研究基于青霉属物种的空气生物多样性,采用培养依赖性方法和培养非依赖性技术,使用部分b-微管蛋白序列。材料和方法:采用大容量空气采样器主动采样,共筛选出157株青霉菌株,进行表型特征筛选。为了研究的目的,选择了代表11个形态物种的46株菌株,并通过分子分析进行了鉴定。结果:硬壳P.crustosum(18株,39.1%)和产黄P.chrysogenum(15株,32.6%)是最常见的分离种,其次是短紧凑P.brevicompatum、鲁本P.rubens、柠檬菊P.citrinum、斜体P.italicum(各2株,4.3%),和P.polonicum(各1个分离物,2.1%)。结论:这是伊朗南部首次从空气样本中分离出大量青霉菌株,表明硬皮假单胞菌和产黄假单胞菌是最常见的分离物种。
{"title":"Phenotypic features and molecular study of airborne <i>Penicillium</i> species isolated in the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran.","authors":"Behrouz Naeimi,&nbsp;Iman Mohsenifard,&nbsp;Saham Ansari,&nbsp;Farzaneh Sadeghzadeh,&nbsp;Gholamreza Khamisipour,&nbsp;Sina Dobaradaran,&nbsp;Fatemeh Faraji Ghasemi,&nbsp;Bahram Ahmadi","doi":"10.18502/cmm.7.2.7035","DOIUrl":"10.18502/cmm.7.2.7035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The main environmental saprobes, such as <i>Penicillium</i>, play an essential role in natural ecosystems as economically, ecologically, and medically important microorganisms. Biodiversity of this genus has not been described in Bushehr city, Iran. The present study is based on air biodiversity of <i>Penicillium</i> species on culture-dependent approach and culture-independent technique using partial b-tubulin sequences.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>By using active sampling with a high volume air sampler, a total of 157 <i>Penicillium</i> isolates were selected and screened for phenotypic characters. For the purposes of the study, 46 strains representative of 11 morphological species were selected and identified by molecular analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the findings, <i>P. crustosum</i> (18 isolates, 39.1%) and <i>P. chrysogenum</i> (15 isolates, 32.6%) were the most common isolated species, followed by <i>P. brevicompactum</i>, <i>P. rubens</i>, <i>P. citrinum</i>, <i>P. italicum</i> (each 2 isolates, 4.3%), <i>P. olsonii</i>, <i>P. expansum</i>, <i>P. griseofulvum</i>, <i>P. palitans</i>, and <i>P. polonicum</i> (each 1 isolate, 2.1%). Except for <i>P. chrysogenum</i> and <i>P. expansum</i> with floccose colony texture, the rest of the isolated species had velutinous texture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report in southern Iran to identify a large number of <i>Penicillium</i> strains isolated from air samples, showing <i>P. crustosum</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i> as the most common isolated species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"7 2","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39910100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism. 利用HWP1基因大小多态性区分侵袭性和非侵袭性感染分离的白色念珠菌复种
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7034
Kourosh Salehipour, Shima Aboutalebian, Arezoo Charsizadeh, Bahram Ahmadi, Hossein Mirhendi

Background and purpose: Taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has changed due to the investigation of the novel species. Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis are new members of the C. albicans complex that are currently gaining both clinical and epidemiologic significance. This study aimed to report the prevalence of C. africana among the strains isolated from patients using hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) gene size polymorphism.

Materials and methods: In total, 235 yeasts confirmed as C. albicans complex based on chromogenic media and internal transcribed spacers sequencing isolated from various clinical forms of invasive and non-invasive candidiasis mainly candidemia were re-identified using HWP1 gene polymorphisms. The HWP1-polymerase chain reaction amplicons were re-confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis.

Results: Based on the HWP1 gene size polymorphism, 223 strains were identified as C. albicans (94.89%) from which 7 isolates produced two DNA fragments (850 and 941 bp). The C. dubliniensis (n=4, 1.7%), C. africana (n=1, 0.42%), and mix of C. albicans and C. africana (n=7, 2.97%) were also identified.

Conclusion: It can be said that C. albicans remains the most common Candida species, while C. dubliniensis and C. africana are rarely found among the patient isolates. Due to limited information on the molecular epidemiology of this novel yeast, more studies using molecular methods are recommended.

背景与目的:念珠菌的分类一直存在争议,并且由于新物种的研究而发生了变化。非洲念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌是目前获得临床和流行病学意义的白色念珠菌复群的新成员。本研究旨在利用菌丝壁蛋白1 (HWP1)基因大小多态性,报道非洲假丝酵母菌在患者分离菌株中的流行情况。材料和方法:利用HWP1基因多态性对从侵袭性和非侵袭性念珠菌病(主要是念珠菌病)中分离的235株酵母菌进行重鉴定,经显色培养基和内部转录间隔序列测序证实为白色念珠菌复体。通过测序和BLAST分析再次确认hwp1聚合酶链反应扩增子。结果:根据HWP1基因大小多态性,鉴定出223株白色念珠菌(94.89%),其中7株产生850和941 bp的DNA片段。另外还检出了都柏林假丝酵母菌(n=4, 1.7%)、非洲假丝酵母菌(n=1, 0.42%)和白色假丝酵母菌与非洲假丝酵母菌的混合菌(n=7, 2.97%)。结论:可以说,白色念珠菌仍是最常见的念珠菌种类,而都柏林念珠菌和非洲念珠菌在患者分离株中很少发现。由于对这种新型酵母菌的分子流行病学研究资料有限,建议使用分子方法进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 6
Effects of Bunium persicum essential oil on the reduction of spore germination, growth, and expression of FUM1 and FUM14 genes in Fusarium verticillioides isolates. 茴香精油对黄萎病镰刀菌孢子萌发、生长及FUM1和FUM14基因表达的影响
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/CMM.7.2.7033
Asad Balal, Aghil Sharifzadeh, Hojjatollah Shokri, Ali Reza Khosravi

Background and purpose: Black Cumin of Kerman (Bunium persicum) is an Iranian plant that is commonly used as an antispasmodic, carminative, and antimicrobial substance. The present study aimed to assess different components of the essence of B. persicum and its effect on antifungal activity, spore germination inhibition, and expressions of FUM1 and FUM14 genes in Fusarium verticillioides strains.

Materials and methods: The essence was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. A broth microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the expression of FUM1 and FUM14 genes of toxigenic F. verticillioides was assessed by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

Results: Based on the findings, most of the essence consisted of γ-terpinene (15.56%), propanal, and 2-methyl-3-phenyl (14.18%). The oil showed a good antifungal activity (mean MIC value: 2556.8 μg/ml) as well as the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth (P<0.05). The RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of FUM1 and FUM14 of B. persicum-treated F. verticillioides were 0.43 and 0.53 folds lower than the control samples, respectively.

Conclusion: These findings revealed that the essential oil of B. persicum has different components responsible for the inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination of F. verticillioides as well as reduction of expressions of FUM1 and FUM14 genes involving fumonisin production.

背景和目的:克曼黑孜然(Bunium persicum)是一种伊朗植物,通常被用作抗痉挛、驱风和抗菌物质。本研究旨在研究桃香精不同成分对黄萎病镰刀菌抗真菌活性、抑制孢子萌发及FUM1和FUM14基因表达的影响。材料与方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,气相色谱-质谱联用分析。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。此外,采用实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测产毒菌verticillioides中FUM1和FUM14基因的表达。结果:主要成分为γ-萜烯(15.56%)、丙醛(14.18%)和2-甲基-3-苯基(14.18%)。该精油具有良好的抑菌活性(平均MIC值为2556.8 μg/ml),对枯草双歧杆菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用(ppfum1和FUM14分别比对照降低0.43倍和0.53倍)。结论:这些结果表明,桃香薷精油中含有不同的抑制黄萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的成分,并可降低富马菌素产生相关基因FUM1和FUM14的表达。
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引用次数: 1
Trichophyton species isolated from asymptomatic patients of the pet-owner pair in Mexico. 从墨西哥一对宠物主人的无症状患者中分离出的毛癣菌种。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7029
Roberto Adame-Gomez, Monica Gisela Rodrigez-Romero, Isabel Hilario-Alejandro, Sandra Alheli Pineda-Rodriguez, Jeiry Toribio-Jimenez, Elvia Rodriguez-Bataz, Arturo Ramirez-Peralta

Background and purpose: Superficial mycoses are the fourth most common cause of disease worldwide. It is not surprising that zoonotic transmission occurs to humans due to close contact with different animals, be it companion or farm animals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence of asymptomatic dermatophyte carriers in the owner-pet pairs, identify the most common etiologic agents, and find the likely connection between the carrier status of an owner and the presence of dermatophytes in their pets.

Materials and methods: From May 2019 to January 2020, 21 cats and 115 dogs with their respective owners were selected for dermatophyte culture. All the dogs and cats included in the study were from the communities of southeastern Mexico. The samples were taken with a cotton swab, which was vigorously rubbed and twisted on the scalp or body of the pet four times and grown on Mycosel Agar. The isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The prevalence of the binomial ranged from 0.73% in pet skin and human hands to 2.2% in human scalp. In humans, the agents were Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum, while in pets, a strain of Trichophyton sp was found.

Conclusion: Different species of dermatophytes were found in the owner/pet pairs, which denotes that coexistence is not related in asymptomatic cases.

背景和目的:浅表真菌病是世界上第四大最常见的疾病原因。由于与不同的动物(无论是伴侣动物还是农场动物)密切接触,人畜共患疾病会传播给人类,这并不奇怪。因此,本研究的目的是确定主人-宠物对中是否存在无症状的皮肤癣菌携带者,确定最常见的病因,并找到主人的携带者状态与其宠物中皮肤癣菌存在之间的可能联系。材料与方法:2019年5月至2020年1月,选取21只猫和115只狗及其主人进行皮菌培养。研究中所有的猫和狗都来自墨西哥东南部的社区。用棉签采集样本,棉签在宠物的头皮或身体上用力摩擦和扭曲四次,并在Mycosel Agar上生长。根据宏观和微观特征对分离菌株进行鉴定。二项分布的患病率从宠物皮肤和人的手的0.73%到人的头皮的2.2%不等。在人类中,病原体是毛癣菌和疣状毛癣菌,而在宠物中,发现了一株毛癣菌。结论:在主人/宠物对中发现了不同种类的皮癣菌,提示无症状病例与共存无关。
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引用次数: 1
Catastrophic Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis and COVID-19 comorbidity: A rare case. 灾难性念珠菌性人工瓣膜心内膜炎和 COVID-19 合并症:罕见病例
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7157
Lotfollah Davoodi, Leila Faeli, Rogheye Mirzakhani, Rozita Jalalian, Tahereh Shokohi, Firoozeh Kermani

Background and purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Candida prostatic valve endocarditis present various clinical manifestations which may overlap; hence, discrimination between them is extremely difficult.

Case report: The case was a 66-year-old man with a past medical history of mitral and aortic valves replacement one year before COVID-19 co-infection. He was admitted with fever (for 7 days), shortness of breath, cough, seizure, lethargy, headache, and 85% oxygen saturation. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed multiple large-sized, highly mobile masses on both sides of the mechanical mitral valve highly suggestive of vegetation. Chest computed tomography scanning showed simulating scattered COVID-19 peripheral ground-glass opacities confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The set of blood cultures yielded yeast colonies that were identified as Candida tropicalis. The patient died of septic shock shortly after receiving antifungal therapy.

Conclusion: This case emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and implementation of antifungal treatment, particularly in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, to reduce their unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

背景和目的:2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)和念珠菌性前列腺瓣膜心内膜炎的临床表现多种多样,可能相互重叠,因此很难区分:病例报告:病例为一名 66 岁男性,既往病史为二尖瓣和主动脉瓣置换术,一年前合并感染 COVID-19。他因发热(7 天)、气短、咳嗽、抽搐、嗜睡、头痛和 85% 的血氧饱和度入院。经食道超声心动图显示,机械二尖瓣两侧有多个大尺寸、活动度大的肿块,高度提示植被。胸部计算机断层扫描显示,经反向转录聚合酶链反应证实,患者出现了模拟 COVID-19 的散在周围磨玻璃不透光现象。血液培养产生的酵母菌菌落被鉴定为热带念珠菌。患者在接受抗真菌治疗后不久死于脓毒性休克:本病例强调了早期诊断和实施抗真菌治疗的重要性,尤其是对人工心脏瓣膜患者,以减少 COVID-19 患者的不良预后。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the autoxidation and in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B. 抗坏血酸和α-生育酚对两性霉素B自氧化及体外抗真菌活性的影响。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6178
Mohammed Habib Belhachemi, Zahia Boucherit-Otmani, Kebir Boucherit, Sara Belmir

Background and purpose: Amphotericin B (AmB) is the standard treatment for systemic fungal infections; however, the formation of reactive oxygen species reduces the efficacy and stability of this molecule. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of AmB with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on its autoxidation and antifungal activity.

Materials and methods: The antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated by the viable cell counting method and checking their morphological changes with a scanning electron microscope. Monomer state of AmB was assessed by scanning the UV absorbance in the range of 300-450 nm and the lipid peroxidation was measured using quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive-substances (TBARS).

Results: Based on the findings, the addition of ascorbic acid (3×102 µg/mL) and α-tocopherol (16 µg/mL) to the reaction medium of AmB increased its antifungal  activity while maintaining its molecular stability. Moreover, the level of TBARS formed in the reaction medium of AmB was significantly reduced after combination  with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.

Conclusion: Given their availability, their anti-free radical activity, and their low toxicity, the incorporation of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol into the reaction medium of AmB seems to be a promising approach to obtain an effective antifungal formulation.

背景与目的:两性霉素B (AmB)是治疗全身性真菌感染的标准药物;然而,活性氧的形成降低了这种分子的功效和稳定性。本研究旨在评价AmB与抗坏血酸和α-生育酚联合使用对其自氧化和抗真菌活性的影响。材料与方法:采用活细胞计数法和扫描电镜观察其形态变化,评价其对白色念珠菌的抑菌活性。通过扫描300-450 nm范围内的紫外吸光度来评估AmB的单体状态,并通过定量硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)来测量脂质过氧化。结果:在AmB反应培养基中添加抗坏血酸(3×102µg/mL)和α-生育酚(16µg/mL)可增强其抗真菌活性,同时保持其分子稳定性。与抗坏血酸和α-生育酚联合后,AmB反应介质中形成的TBARS水平显著降低。结论:考虑到抗坏血酸和α-生育酚的可用性、抗自由基活性和低毒性,在AmB的反应培养基中掺入抗坏血酸和α-生育酚有望获得有效的抗真菌制剂。
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引用次数: 1
Molecular typing of clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from Iran using microsatellites. 伊朗烟曲霉临床和环境分离物的微卫星分子分型研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6180
Hamid Badali, Tahereh Shokohi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Maryam Moazeni, Masoumeh Farhadi, Mojtaba Nabili

Background and purpose: Because of the growing incidence of Aspergillus infection, typing methods of Aspergillus species are increasingly being used. Accordingly, studying the spread and population dynamics of strains isolating from clinical and environment, from a single host to large-scale ecosystems is definitely needed. In the current study, we carried out a genetic analysis of nine microsatellite loci in isolates from different regions of Iran to compare and explore the genetic diversity between environmental and clinical A. fumigatus strains.

Materials and methods: Sixty-six clinical (n=43) and environmental (n= 23) isolates of A. fumigatus, have collected from six cities of Iran. All A. fumigatus isolates identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characters, the ability to grow at above 45°C, and confirmed using DNA sequencing of the partial b-tubulin gene. Sixty-six A. fumigatus isolates were subjected by microsatellite typing using three separate multiplex PCRs with a panel of nine short tandem repeats (STR) to evaluate the genetic relatedness.

Results: The STR typing of 66 A. fumigatus isolates revealed 38 distinct genotypes distributed among environmental and clinical isolates. We identified 12 clones including 40 different isolates representing 60% of all isolates tested, which each clone included 2-7 isolates.

Conclusion: The STR typing is considered as a valuable tool with excellent discriminatory power to study the molecular epidemiology and genotypic diversity of A. fumigatus isolates. These findings show that the high genetic diversity observed of Iranian A. fumigatus isolates with those outside Iran and formed a separate cluster.

背景与目的:由于曲霉感染的发病率越来越高,曲霉种类分型方法的应用越来越广泛。因此,研究从临床和环境分离的菌株,从单一宿主到大规模生态系统的传播和种群动态是非常必要的。在本研究中,我们对来自伊朗不同地区的分离株的9个微卫星位点进行了遗传分析,以比较和探讨环境和临床烟抽假单胞菌菌株的遗传多样性。材料与方法:从伊朗6个城市采集了66株临床分离株(n=43)和环境分离株(n= 23)。所有烟曲霉分离株均基于宏观和微观特征,在45°C以上生长的能力,并通过部分b-微管蛋白基因的DNA测序进行确认。对66株烟曲霉分离株进行了微卫星分型,采用3种不同的多重pcr方法对9个短串联重复序列(STR)进行了遗传亲缘性评价。结果:66株烟曲霉STR分型显示38个不同的基因型,分布在环境和临床分离株中。我们鉴定出12个克隆,包括40个不同的分离株,占所有分离株的60%,每个克隆包括2-7个分离株。结论:STR分型是研究烟熏假单胞菌分子流行病学和基因型多样性的有效方法。这些结果表明,伊朗烟曲霉分离株与伊朗境外烟曲霉分离株具有较高的遗传多样性,形成了一个独立的聚类。
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引用次数: 1
Nanoliposome-loaded antifungal drugs for dermal administration: A review. 用于皮肤给药的纳米脂质体抗真菌药物:综述。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6247
Peyman Asadi, Ahmad Mehravaran, Nahid Soltanloo, Mahdi Abastabar, Javad Akhtari

Cutaneous fungal infections are the fourth most common health problem, which involves approximately one billion people worldwide. Drug delivery to the skin seems to be the best choice for superficial fungal infections. Topical formulations can release a sufficient amount of drug in therapeutical concentrations and permeate higher layers of the skin like the stratum corneum. As the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum prevents the drug from penetrating the skin. Liposomes, especially nanosized as topical drug delivery systems to the skin, can show various functions depending on their size, lipids and cholesterol components, the percent of ingredients, lamellarity, and surface charge. Nanoliposomes can increase permeation through the stratum corneum, decrease systemic effects with their localizing actions, and overcome many dermal drug delivery obstacles. Antifungal drugs, such as croconazole, econazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine hydrochloride, tolnaftate, and miconazole entrapped in liposomes have indicated improved skin penetration and localizing effects. According to the literature review summarized in this paper, many studies have identified liposomes as a powerful carrier for topical antifungal drug delivery to the skin. However, a few studies introduced new generations of liposomes like ethosomes and transfersomes. This paper was conducted on almost all liposomal studies of antifungal drugs with dermal application.

皮肤真菌感染是第四大常见健康问题,全球约有 10 亿人受到感染。皮肤给药似乎是治疗浅表真菌感染的最佳选择。外用制剂可以释放出足量的治疗浓度药物,并渗透到角质层等较高的皮肤层。作为表皮的最外层,角质层阻止药物渗透皮肤。脂质体,尤其是作为皮肤局部给药系统的纳米脂质体,可根据其大小、脂质和胆固醇成分、成分百分比、薄片度和表面电荷的不同而显示出各种功能。纳米脂质体可以增加角质层的渗透性,通过局部作用减少全身效应,并克服许多皮肤给药障碍。在脂质体中夹带的抗真菌药物,如可康唑、益康唑、氟康唑、酮康唑、盐酸特比萘芬、托萘酯和咪康唑等,都显示出更好的皮肤渗透性和局部效应。根据本文总结的文献综述,许多研究已发现脂质体是向皮肤局部输送抗真菌药物的强大载体。不过,也有少数研究引入了新一代脂质体,如乙硫体和转移体。本文对几乎所有用于皮肤的抗真菌药物脂质体进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from oral lesions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. 头颈癌放疗患者口腔病变念珠菌的分子鉴定及药敏试验
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6242
Firoozeh Kermani, Mohaddese Sadeghian, Tahereh Shokohi, Seyedebrahim Hashemi, Dariush Moslemi, Saeed Davodian, Mahdi Abastabar, Zainab Bandalizadeh, Leyla Faeli, Zahra Seifi, Mahmoud Fami Zaghrami, Iman Haghani

Background and purpose: Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck malignancies predisposes them to oral Candida colonization and infection due to damage of oral mucosa and destruction of the salivary gland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT), identify the yeasts isolated from them, and determine their antifungal susceptibility.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 at two referral radiotherapy centers in northern Iran. Yeast strains that were isolated from patients with HNC were identified using conventional and molecular methods. The in vitro activities of eight common antifungal drugs against 55 isolates were investigated according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (M27-A3 and M27-S4) broth microdilution document.

Results: Among 59 patients receiving RT, the prevalence of OPC was 21 (35.59%) and 15 (25.42%) patients were diagnosed with colonization. The mean age of the patients was 55.32±13.3 years (within the range of 27-87 years). In this study, the pseudomembranous form was reported as the most clinical type of OPC. Candida albicans with the frequency of 60% was the most common type of Candida spp. that was observed in this study, although non-albicans Candida spp., such as C. glabrata (27.27%), C. tropicalis (5.45%), C. parapsilosis (3.63%), C. krusei (1.83%), and C. kefyr (1.83%) were also isolated. Considering the low minimum inhibitory concentration range of amphotericin B, compared to fluconazole, administration of this agent is a more suitable antifungal drug for extensive oral candidiasis in these patients. Among azoles, clotrimazole had low efficacy and several studied isolates (65.5%) showed resistance.

Conclusion: Correct diagnosis as well as determining drug sensitivity and risk factors are the effective steps in reducing the complications related to oral candidiasis in people undergoing RT.

背景与目的:头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的放射治疗由于口腔黏膜的损伤和唾液腺的破坏,使其易发生口腔念珠菌定植和感染。本研究旨在确定头颈癌(HNC)放疗(RT)患者口咽念珠菌病(OPC)的患病率,鉴定其分离的酵母菌,并确定其抗真菌敏感性。材料和方法:本横断面研究于2018年12月至2019年6月在伊朗北部的两个转诊放疗中心进行。采用常规方法和分子方法对分离自HNC患者的酵母菌株进行鉴定。根据临床与实验室标准协会(M27-A3和M27-S4)肉汤微量稀释文件的指导方针,考察8种常用抗真菌药物对55株分离菌的体外活性。结果:59例接受RT治疗的患者中,OPC患病率为21例(35.59%),诊断为定植15例(25.42%)。患者平均年龄55.32±13.3岁(27 ~ 87岁)。在本研究中,假膜型被报道为最常见的OPC临床类型。白色念珠菌是本研究中最常见的念珠菌类型,频率为60%,但也分离到非白色念珠菌,如光秃念珠菌(27.27%)、热带念珠菌(5.45%)、假丝念珠菌(3.63%)、克鲁塞念珠菌(1.83%)和kefyr念珠菌(1.83%)。考虑到两性霉素B的最低抑菌浓度范围较低,与氟康唑相比,该药物是治疗这些患者广泛口腔念珠菌病的更合适的抗真菌药物。其中,氯霉唑药效较低,部分菌株(65.5%)耐药。结论:正确诊断口腔念珠菌病,确定药物敏感性和危险因素是减少口腔念珠菌病术后并发症的有效措施。
{"title":"Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of <i>Candida</i> species isolated from oral lesions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.","authors":"Firoozeh Kermani,&nbsp;Mohaddese Sadeghian,&nbsp;Tahereh Shokohi,&nbsp;Seyedebrahim Hashemi,&nbsp;Dariush Moslemi,&nbsp;Saeed Davodian,&nbsp;Mahdi Abastabar,&nbsp;Zainab Bandalizadeh,&nbsp;Leyla Faeli,&nbsp;Zahra Seifi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Fami Zaghrami,&nbsp;Iman Haghani","doi":"10.18502/cmm.7.1.6242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.7.1.6242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Radiation therapy in patients with head and neck malignancies predisposes them to oral <i>Candida</i> colonization and infection due to damage of oral mucosa and destruction of the salivary gland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT), identify the yeasts isolated from them, and determine their antifungal susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 at two referral radiotherapy centers in northern Iran. Yeast strains that were isolated from patients with HNC were identified using conventional and molecular methods. The <i>in vitro</i> activities of eight common antifungal drugs against 55 isolates were investigated according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (M27-A3 and M27-S4) broth microdilution document.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 59 patients receiving RT, the prevalence of OPC was 21 (35.59%) and 15 (25.42%) patients were diagnosed with colonization. The mean age of the patients was 55.32±13.3 years (within the range of 27-87 years). In this study, the pseudomembranous form was reported as the most clinical type of OPC. <i>Candida albicans</i> with the frequency of 60% was the most common type of <i>Candida</i> spp. that was observed in this study, although non-<i>albicans</i> <i>Candida</i> spp., such as <i>C. glabrata</i> (27.27%), <i>C. tropicalis</i> (5.45%), <i>C. parapsilosis</i> (3.63%), <i>C. krusei</i> (1.83%), and <i>C. kefyr</i> (1.83%) were also isolated. Considering the low minimum inhibitory concentration range of amphotericin B, compared to fluconazole, administration of this agent is a more suitable antifungal drug for extensive oral candidiasis in these patients. Among azoles, clotrimazole had low efficacy and several studied isolates (65.5%) showed resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correct diagnosis as well as determining drug sensitivity and risk factors are the effective steps in reducing the complications related to oral candidiasis in people undergoing RT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"7 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39439729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers. 非洲真菌病流行病学:诊断驱动因素综述。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6246
Felix Bongomin, Samuel Adetona Fayemiwo

Background and purpose: There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the epidemiology of the endemic and epidemic of emerging and re-emerging fungal diseases as well as their diagnostic challenges in Africa based on the available data. Moreover, it is important to underline the existing gaps in this regard as well.

Materials and methods: For the purposes of the study, Medline and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve articles on these prominent fungal diseases, as well as their etiologies and available diagnostics.

Results: It was found that histoplasmosis and other AIDS-associated mycoses have been reported in Africa, including blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracocci-dioidomycosis. Other reported infections were fungal neglected tropical diseases, especially sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis as well as emerging fungal diseases, such as Emergomyces africanus, Candida auris, and Blastomyces emzantsi. In Africa, the major drivers of fungal diseases include human immunodeficiency infection, tuberculosis, and poverty.

Conclusion: Serious fungal diseases are common in Africa; however, the true burden remains unknown.

背景和目的:在过去的几十年里,真菌疾病的负担显著增加,对人类、动物和植物的健康构成了全球性的威胁。真菌病的流行病学在非洲尚未完全了解。大多数这些疾病的报告不足或根本没有报告,主要原因是与真菌诊断的可得性和可及性以及整个非洲大陆缺乏临床和诊断真菌学方面的人力资源有关的挑战。因此,必须根据现有数据,强调非洲新出现和再出现的真菌病的地方性和流行病的流行病学,以及它们在诊断方面的挑战。此外,还必须强调这方面的现有差距。材料和方法:为了本研究的目的,我们检索了Medline和Google Scholar,检索了关于这些突出真菌疾病的文章,以及它们的病因和可用的诊断方法。结果:在非洲有组织浆菌病和其他与艾滋病相关的真菌病的报道,包括芽孢菌病、球孢子菌病和副球孢子菌病。其他报告的感染是真菌被忽视的热带病,特别是孢子菌病、皮肤真菌病、足菌肿和成色菌病,以及新出现的真菌疾病,如非洲新兴菌、耳念珠菌和emzantsi芽孢菌。在非洲,真菌疾病的主要驱动因素包括人类免疫缺陷感染、结核病和贫困。结论:严重真菌病在非洲较为常见;然而,真正的负担仍然未知。
{"title":"Epidemiology of fungal diseases in Africa: A review of diagnostic drivers.","authors":"Felix Bongomin,&nbsp;Samuel Adetona Fayemiwo","doi":"10.18502/cmm.7.1.6246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/cmm.7.1.6246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>There has been a significant increase in the burden of fungal diseases in the last few decades which has imposed a global threat to the health of humans, animals, and plants. Epidemiology of fungal diseases is not completely understood in Africa. Most of these diseases are under-reported or not reported at all mainly due to the challenges related to the availability of and access to fungal diagnostics and the lack of human resources in clinical and diagnostic mycology across the continent. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the epidemiology of the endemic and epidemic of emerging and re-emerging fungal diseases as well as their diagnostic challenges in Africa based on the available data. Moreover, it is important to underline the existing gaps in this regard as well.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For the purposes of the study, Medline and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve articles on these prominent fungal diseases, as well as their etiologies and available diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that histoplasmosis and other AIDS-associated mycoses have been reported in Africa, including blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracocci-dioidomycosis. Other reported infections were fungal neglected tropical diseases, especially sporotrichosis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis as well as emerging fungal diseases, such as <i>Emergomyces africanus</i>, <i>Candida auris</i>, and <i>Blastomyces emzantsi</i>. In Africa, the major drivers of fungal diseases include human immunodeficiency infection, tuberculosis, and poverty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serious fungal diseases are common in Africa; however, the true burden remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"7 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
期刊
Current Medical Mycology
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