Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3279
J. C. F. M. Junior, L. D. F. D. A. Melo, Larice Bruna Ferreira Soares, V. M. Ferreira, J. C. A. Neto, Maria Inajal Rodrigues da Silva das Neves, R. D. A. Paes, E. P. Gonçalves, P. C. Souto, J. F. O. Costa, L. Chaves, Wesley Oliveira de Assis
For most forest species the irregularity of fruiting, low seed production and spatial distribution of trees, make it impossible to supply seeds to meet seedling production programs. On the other hand, to prevent subsequent years of low production and maintain seed viability, it is necessary to adopt adequate storage procedures. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the influence of water content and storage conditions on the physiological potential of seeds of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae), Chloroleucon dumosum (Benth.) G.P. Lewis (Fabaceae), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae), Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze (Fabaceae) and Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae), which are native tree species in tropical forests in South America. The seeds were placed in paper packaging and glass packaging and stored in a laboratory environment (uncontrolled), during storage periods of zero (recently harvested), three, six, nine, 12 and 15 months. For each storage period, the water content and physiological potential of the seeds were evaluated. The design was entirely randomized with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The germination (G) and germination uniformity (U) data were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement (two types of packaging x six storage periods), and application of polynomial regression. Seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, packed in paper packaging or glass packaging, and stored under uncontrolled conditions of natural environment, presented higher G and U, in the storage period of 15 months. The physiological potential of the seeds can be maintained for a long time, as long as they are packed in a glass container with an adequate initial water content. With a water content of 8.2, 8.1, 7.9, 8.4% and 12.1%, the seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, respectively, maintain the viability during storage. Therefore, the solution to store these seeds would be to rigorously dry them, and then use waterproof packaging. It is recommended that for the storage of seeds of these tree species, they are previously packaged in glass containers
{"title":"Viability of seeds of some tropical tree species during storage","authors":"J. C. F. M. Junior, L. D. F. D. A. Melo, Larice Bruna Ferreira Soares, V. M. Ferreira, J. C. A. Neto, Maria Inajal Rodrigues da Silva das Neves, R. D. A. Paes, E. P. Gonçalves, P. C. Souto, J. F. O. Costa, L. Chaves, Wesley Oliveira de Assis","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3279","url":null,"abstract":"For most forest species the irregularity of fruiting, low seed production and spatial distribution of trees, make it impossible to supply seeds to meet seedling production programs. On the other hand, to prevent subsequent years of low production and maintain seed viability, it is necessary to adopt adequate storage procedures. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the influence of water content and storage conditions on the physiological potential of seeds of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae), Chloroleucon dumosum (Benth.) G.P. Lewis (Fabaceae), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae), Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) O. Kuntze (Fabaceae) and Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae), which are native tree species in tropical forests in South America. The seeds were placed in paper packaging and glass packaging and stored in a laboratory environment (uncontrolled), during storage periods of zero (recently harvested), three, six, nine, 12 and 15 months. For each storage period, the water content and physiological potential of the seeds were evaluated. The design was entirely randomized with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The germination (G) and germination uniformity (U) data were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement (two types of packaging x six storage periods), and application of polynomial regression. Seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, packed in paper packaging or glass packaging, and stored under uncontrolled conditions of natural environment, presented higher G and U, in the storage period of 15 months. The physiological potential of the seeds can be maintained for a long time, as long as they are packed in a glass container with an adequate initial water content. With a water content of 8.2, 8.1, 7.9, 8.4% and 12.1%, the seeds of Colubrina glandulosa, Chloroleucon dumosum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Mimosa bimucronata and Sapindus saponaria, respectively, maintain the viability during storage. Therefore, the solution to store these seeds would be to rigorously dry them, and then use waterproof packaging. It is recommended that for the storage of seeds of these tree species, they are previously packaged in glass containers","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3165
L. B. Marinho, Fernanda Nery Vargens, A. F. Neto, Vanessa Rodrigues da Silva, Aureliano Roberto Rodrigues Ramos, L. Vellame, E. Aires
Water deficit is a water-saving strategy that might nevertheless negatively affect fruit quality. In the present study, the papaya quality was evaluated after application of different irrigation rates and nitrogen fertilization doses at harvest and postharvest. The study was conducted on ‘Formosa’ cultivar in semiarid region. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 x 3 scheme; two storage times (0 and 5 days), five irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of crop evapotranspiration), and three nitrogen doses (150, 180, and 210 Kg.ha-1), with four replicates. Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), and fruit skin colour (Luminosity - L, intensity of green/red coloration - a*, and intensity of yellow coloration - b*) were evaluated. Reduced irrigation rates and lower nitrogen doses resulted in increased soluble solids and SS/TA ratio. The latter was increased during storage. Irrigation deficit and a lower amount of nitrogen (150 Kg. ha-1) did not reduce papaya quality, even after 5 days of storage in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity. In order to ensure net productivity in rural properties, this water-saving strategy of maintaining the crop under water restriction conditions must take into consideration not only in the curves of papaya quality-related variables, but also fruit productivity curve
{"title":"Interaction of irrigation rates and fertilization doses on postharvest quality of papaya ‘Formosa ’","authors":"L. B. Marinho, Fernanda Nery Vargens, A. F. Neto, Vanessa Rodrigues da Silva, Aureliano Roberto Rodrigues Ramos, L. Vellame, E. Aires","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3165","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficit is a water-saving strategy that might nevertheless negatively affect fruit quality. In the present study, the papaya quality was evaluated after application of different irrigation rates and nitrogen fertilization doses at harvest and postharvest. The study was conducted on ‘Formosa’ cultivar in semiarid region. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 x 3 scheme; two storage times (0 and 5 days), five irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of crop evapotranspiration), and three nitrogen doses (150, 180, and 210 Kg.ha-1), with four replicates. Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), and fruit skin colour (Luminosity - L, intensity of green/red coloration - a*, and intensity of yellow coloration - b*) were evaluated. Reduced irrigation rates and lower nitrogen doses resulted in increased soluble solids and SS/TA ratio. The latter was increased during storage. Irrigation deficit and a lower amount of nitrogen (150 Kg. ha-1) did not reduce papaya quality, even after 5 days of storage in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity. In order to ensure net productivity in rural properties, this water-saving strategy of maintaining the crop under water restriction conditions must take into consideration not only in the curves of papaya quality-related variables, but also fruit productivity curve","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82162676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2782
A. Lima, M. Giovanaz, Priscila Alvariza Amaral, R. Navroski, J. Fachinello, M. Malgarim
This study aimed at evaluating the use of phytoregulators in vegetative characteristics of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear trees in both 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cycles. The orchard, was implemented in 2011. The following phytoregulators and doses were used: Ethephon and 6-Benzyladenine at 100, 200, 300 and 400 ml L-1. The experiment had a randomized block design with five replicates. Each experimental unit was composed of a plant. Variables under evaluation were leaf area, annual branch length, annual branch diameter, number of buds on the annual branch, internode length, fertility index and trunk cross section areas of the crown cultivar and of the rootstock. Only the following variables exhibited significance: leaf area, annual branch length and number of buds in plants treated with Ethephon in the 2015/2016 cycle. Leaf area was smaller when high concentrations of Ethephon were applied while the least efficient doses for annual branch length and number of buds were 162.66 ml L-1 and 107.30 ml L-1, respectively
本研究旨在评估植物调节剂在2014/2015和2015/2016两个周期对“帕克汉姆凯旋”梨树营养特性的影响。该果园于2011年建成。使用以下植物调节剂和剂量:乙烯利和6-苄基腺嘌呤分别为100、200、300和400 ml L-1。试验采用随机区组设计，共5个重复。每个实验单元由一株植物组成。评价变量为冠型品种和砧木的叶面积、年枝长、年枝径、年枝芽数、节间长、育性指数和树干截面面积。在2015/2016周期内，乙烯利处理植株的叶面积、年分枝长和芽数具有显著性。施用高浓度乙烯利时，叶面积较小，年枝长和芽数的最低有效剂量分别为162.66 ml L-1和107.30 ml L-1
{"title":"Effect of phytoregulators on vegetative characteristics of ‘packham’s triumph’ pear trees","authors":"A. Lima, M. Giovanaz, Priscila Alvariza Amaral, R. Navroski, J. Fachinello, M. Malgarim","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2782","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the use of phytoregulators in vegetative characteristics of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear trees in both 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cycles. The orchard, was implemented in 2011. The following phytoregulators and doses were used: Ethephon and 6-Benzyladenine at 100, 200, 300 and 400 ml L-1. The experiment had a randomized block design with five replicates. Each experimental unit was composed of a plant. Variables under evaluation were leaf area, annual branch length, annual branch diameter, number of buds on the annual branch, internode length, fertility index and trunk cross section areas of the crown cultivar and of the rootstock. Only the following variables exhibited significance: leaf area, annual branch length and number of buds in plants treated with Ethephon in the 2015/2016 cycle. Leaf area was smaller when high concentrations of Ethephon were applied while the least efficient doses for annual branch length and number of buds were 162.66 ml L-1 and 107.30 ml L-1, respectively","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87224466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3136
Amanda Magalhães Bueno, Aline Fanciel de Andrade, Aline F. S. Carvalho, R. Flores, K. Abdala, G. Santos, M. Mesquita
We carried out a field experiment to evaluate the effects of soil application of sources and doses of boron (B) on production yield and quality of grains of Phaseolus vulgaris (BRS Estilo) grown in an irrigated system. The factorial design was 4x5, being four sources of boron (boric acid, borax, borogran, and FTE BR12) and five doses (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha-1) (three replications). We evaluated relative chlorophyll index (RCI), leaf B content, yield, seed viability, and economic value. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant, evaluated by Tukey test (qualitative) and regression (quantitative). Boron sources affected the RCI 28 days after emergence (DAE). The results for boric acid, borogran, and FTE BR12 were significantly higher (3%, p-value<0.05) than the results for borax. At 46 DAE, boric acid resulted in a RCI 5% higher than the other sources. Borax and boric acid promoted high leaf B contents (126.11 and 105.63 mg dm-3, respectively). The maximum yield (2,224.03 kg ha-1) was obtained by using 2.21 kg ha-1 of B, regardless of the source. Seed viability showed a linear behavior by using borax and boric acid and a quadratic behavior by using borogran and FTE BR12. The dose that resulted in the highest differential profit return (US$ 398.00) was 3.00 kg ha-1. Based on the productive, physiological, and economic results, the dose of 3.00 kg ha-1 provides the highest profit margin for common bean producers
通过田间试验，研究了不同硼源和硼剂量对灌溉条件下菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)产量和品质的影响。析因设计为4x5，有四种硼源(硼酸、硼砂、硼格兰和FTE BR12)和五种剂量(0、1、2、3和4 kg ha-1)(3个重复)。我们评估了相对叶绿素指数(RCI)、叶片B含量、产量、种子活力和经济价值。数据进行方差分析，当数据显著时，采用Tukey检验(定性)和回归(定量)进行评估。硼源对羽化后28 d RCI有影响。硼酸、硼砂和FTE BR12的结果显著高于硼砂(3%，p值<0.05)。在46 DAE时，硼酸导致的RCI比其他来源高5%。硼砂和硼酸提高了叶片B含量(分别为126.11和105.63 mg dm-3)。无论来源如何，施用2.21 kg ha-1的B产量最高，为2,224.03 kg ha-1。硼砂和硼酸处理的种子活力呈线性变化，硼砂和FTE BR12处理的种子活力呈二次变化。产生最高差额利润回报(398.00美元)的剂量为3.00公斤每公顷。根据生产、生理和经济结果，3.00 kg hm -1的剂量为普通豆生产者提供了最高的利润率
{"title":"Yield and physiological quality of common bean grains as a function of boron application in the soil","authors":"Amanda Magalhães Bueno, Aline Fanciel de Andrade, Aline F. S. Carvalho, R. Flores, K. Abdala, G. Santos, M. Mesquita","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3136","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out a field experiment to evaluate the effects of soil application of sources and doses of boron (B) on production yield and quality of grains of Phaseolus vulgaris (BRS Estilo) grown in an irrigated system. The factorial design was 4x5, being four sources of boron (boric acid, borax, borogran, and FTE BR12) and five doses (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha-1) (three replications). We evaluated relative chlorophyll index (RCI), leaf B content, yield, seed viability, and economic value. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant, evaluated by Tukey test (qualitative) and regression (quantitative). Boron sources affected the RCI 28 days after emergence (DAE). The results for boric acid, borogran, and FTE BR12 were significantly higher (3%, p-value<0.05) than the results for borax. At 46 DAE, boric acid resulted in a RCI 5% higher than the other sources. Borax and boric acid promoted high leaf B contents (126.11 and 105.63 mg dm-3, respectively). The maximum yield (2,224.03 kg ha-1) was obtained by using 2.21 kg ha-1 of B, regardless of the source. Seed viability showed a linear behavior by using borax and boric acid and a quadratic behavior by using borogran and FTE BR12. The dose that resulted in the highest differential profit return (US$ 398.00) was 3.00 kg ha-1. Based on the productive, physiological, and economic results, the dose of 3.00 kg ha-1 provides the highest profit margin for common bean producers","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76709372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3196
Ivonete Theodoro Araújo, G. G. Zacarin, Erivaldo Silva de Oliveira, Leila Bonfanti, N. D. F. Guimarães, A. D. S. Gallo, A. Fontanetti
The objective of this study was to evaluate the canopy insect community associated with maize intercropped with different arrangements of Crotalaria spectabilis and the effects on the damage caused to maize by Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea. The treatments were intercropping systems of maize with Crotalaria spectabilis: CR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the same rows as maize; CBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown between the rows of maize; CRBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the rows and between the rows of maize, and M - maize monocrop. The experimental plot consisted of five rows of maize, five meters long, spaced 0.8 m apart. Assessments were made of the following parameters: insect community present in the maize canopy, leaf damage caused by the fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) and the corn earworm (H. zea), maize grain yield and shoot dry weight of maize and crotalaria. The CRBR intercropping system was characterized by the presence of predators and parasitoids, especially from the families Forficulidae and Braconidae: 79% and 82%, respectively. The maize monocrop, in turn, was mainly characterized by the presence of chewing and sucking phytophagous insects and predators. There was no influence of plant arrangements on the damage to maize caused by S. frugiperda (mean variation between 0.47 and 0.64 of damage) and H. zea (ranging between 6.42 and 7.49 of damage), neither on the grain yield of the crop (variation between 4129.57 kg ha-1 and 5653.77 kg ha-1). Our results suggest that C. spectablis sown in the rows and between the rows of maize has the potential to optimize conservative biological control, without, however, affecting the grain yield of the cereal
{"title":"Maize-Crotalaria spectabilis intercropping in organic system and relations with the insect community","authors":"Ivonete Theodoro Araújo, G. G. Zacarin, Erivaldo Silva de Oliveira, Leila Bonfanti, N. D. F. Guimarães, A. D. S. Gallo, A. Fontanetti","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3196","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the canopy insect community associated with maize intercropped with different arrangements of Crotalaria spectabilis and the effects on the damage caused to maize by Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea. The treatments were intercropping systems of maize with Crotalaria spectabilis: CR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the same rows as maize; CBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown between the rows of maize; CRBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the rows and between the rows of maize, and M - maize monocrop. The experimental plot consisted of five rows of maize, five meters long, spaced 0.8 m apart. Assessments were made of the following parameters: insect community present in the maize canopy, leaf damage caused by the fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) and the corn earworm (H. zea), maize grain yield and shoot dry weight of maize and crotalaria. The CRBR intercropping system was characterized by the presence of predators and parasitoids, especially from the families Forficulidae and Braconidae: 79% and 82%, respectively. The maize monocrop, in turn, was mainly characterized by the presence of chewing and sucking phytophagous insects and predators. There was no influence of plant arrangements on the damage to maize caused by S. frugiperda (mean variation between 0.47 and 0.64 of damage) and H. zea (ranging between 6.42 and 7.49 of damage), neither on the grain yield of the crop (variation between 4129.57 kg ha-1 and 5653.77 kg ha-1). Our results suggest that C. spectablis sown in the rows and between the rows of maize has the potential to optimize conservative biological control, without, however, affecting the grain yield of the cereal","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2754
H. S. M. Vale, D. O. Costa, R. O. Batista, L. C. A. L. Filho, M. K. T. D. Oliveira, F. A. Oliveira, Marcelo Tavares l Gurge, J. O. Pereira, J.C.S. Portela, Marineide Jussara Diniz, B. Marques, Francisca Evânia de Carvalho, Ana Luiza Veras de Souza
The liquid residue called “produced water” from the exploitation of oil in the ground and sea is generated in large volumes and has significant polluting potential. In the Brazilian semiarid region, this liquid can be applied to the agricultural lands, if properly treated and applied to the soil by dripping. It is an alternative that can mitigate water scarcity and impacts on the environment. However, the vulnerability of drippers to clogging is a problem and can be mitigated with the dilution technique. The flow rate changes of drippers for the application of dilutions of produced water treated (PW) with underground water (UW) was analyzed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-split-plot design with three replications. Plots consisted of treatments (D1: 100% of UW, D2: 90% of UW and 10% PW, D3: 80% of UW and 20% of PW, D4: 70% of UW and 30% of PW and D5: 60% of UW and 40% of PW). The split-plots consisted of types of drippers (G1: 1.6 L h-1, G2: - 1.6 L h-1, G3: 1.7 L h-1) and split-split-plots consisted of evaluation times (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 h). Flow rate (D) and flow rate coefficient of variation (FCV) were taken every 40 hours untill 160 h. The results showed that the G3 emitter was the most resistant to clogging. The dilutions D2 and D3 provided the lowest losses in hydraulic performance in the drip units. The highest rates of clogging occurred in the G2 emitter operating in the D5 dilution
{"title":"Flow rate changes of drippers with dilutions of treated water produced by oil exploration in the Brazilian semiarid region","authors":"H. S. M. Vale, D. O. Costa, R. O. Batista, L. C. A. L. Filho, M. K. T. D. Oliveira, F. A. Oliveira, Marcelo Tavares l Gurge, J. O. Pereira, J.C.S. Portela, Marineide Jussara Diniz, B. Marques, Francisca Evânia de Carvalho, Ana Luiza Veras de Souza","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2754","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid residue called “produced water” from the exploitation of oil in the ground and sea is generated in large volumes and has significant polluting potential. In the Brazilian semiarid region, this liquid can be applied to the agricultural lands, if properly treated and applied to the soil by dripping. It is an alternative that can mitigate water scarcity and impacts on the environment. However, the vulnerability of drippers to clogging is a problem and can be mitigated with the dilution technique. The flow rate changes of drippers for the application of dilutions of produced water treated (PW) with underground water (UW) was analyzed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-split-plot design with three replications. Plots consisted of treatments (D1: 100% of UW, D2: 90% of UW and 10% PW, D3: 80% of UW and 20% of PW, D4: 70% of UW and 30% of PW and D5: 60% of UW and 40% of PW). The split-plots consisted of types of drippers (G1: 1.6 L h-1, G2: - 1.6 L h-1, G3: 1.7 L h-1) and split-split-plots consisted of evaluation times (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 h). Flow rate (D) and flow rate coefficient of variation (FCV) were taken every 40 hours untill 160 h. The results showed that the G3 emitter was the most resistant to clogging. The dilutions D2 and D3 provided the lowest losses in hydraulic performance in the drip units. The highest rates of clogging occurred in the G2 emitter operating in the D5 dilution","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72817446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3135
Aline Franciel de Andrade, K. Viçosi, Amanda Magalhães Bueno, R. Flores, Carlos L. R. Santos, G. Santos, M. Mesquita
Sunflower is considered highly demanding in boron (B); however, it has low efficiency in using this micronutrient. An experiment under protected cultivation was carried out to evaluate the effects of boron fertilization on nutrition and sunflower biomass production (Helianthus annuus). A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Five boron doses: 0 (Control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha-1, were applied to the soil using boric acid as the source. Biometric assessments, measurements of the relative chlorophyll index (RCI), production of dry biomass and the boron use efficiency by plants were carried out. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and F test (p<0.05), with polynomial regression analysis when significant. Leaf area, RCI evaluated at 15 and 60 days, and biomass increase linearly according to the boron application up to the dose of 4 kg ha-1, which corresponds to an increase of 31, 12, 14, and 61%, respectively, compared to control treatment. However, for plant height and nutritional efficiency, the best results were obtained with the dose of 2.64 kg ha-1 of B, with a decrease in higher doses. Boron fertilization in sunflower crop positively influences the nutritional and growth aspects of plants. In general, the application of up to 3 kg ha-1 of B in soils with low natural content increases the crop yield, without phytotoxicity aspects caused by the nutrient
向日葵被认为对硼的需求量很大(B);然而，这种微量营养素的利用效率很低。在保护地栽培条件下，研究了施硼对向日葵营养和生物量产量的影响。采用完全随机设计，共4个重复。以硼酸为源，对土壤施用5种硼剂量:0(对照)、1、2、3和4 kg hm -1。进行了生物计量学评价、相对叶绿素指数(RCI)测定、干生物量产量测定和植物硼利用效率测定。资料进行方差分析和F检验(p<0.05)，显著者采用多项式回归分析。15和60 d时叶片面积、RCI和生物量随硼用量的增加呈线性增加，硼用量达到4 kg hm -1，分别比对照增加了31%、12%、14%和61%。但在株高和营养效率方面，以2.64 kg ha-1施硼效果最好，剂量越高越低。施硼对向日葵植株的营养和生长有积极影响。一般来说，在自然含量低的土壤中施用高达3公斤每公顷的B可以增加作物产量，而不会引起营养物的植物毒性
{"title":"Nutritional and biomass aspects of Helianthus annuus according to boron application in the soil","authors":"Aline Franciel de Andrade, K. Viçosi, Amanda Magalhães Bueno, R. Flores, Carlos L. R. Santos, G. Santos, M. Mesquita","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3135","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower is considered highly demanding in boron (B); however, it has low efficiency in using this micronutrient. An experiment under protected cultivation was carried out to evaluate the effects of boron fertilization on nutrition and sunflower biomass production (Helianthus annuus). A completely randomized design with four replications was used. Five boron doses: 0 (Control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha-1, were applied to the soil using boric acid as the source. Biometric assessments, measurements of the relative chlorophyll index (RCI), production of dry biomass and the boron use efficiency by plants were carried out. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and F test (p<0.05), with polynomial regression analysis when significant. Leaf area, RCI evaluated at 15 and 60 days, and biomass increase linearly according to the boron application up to the dose of 4 kg ha-1, which corresponds to an increase of 31, 12, 14, and 61%, respectively, compared to control treatment. However, for plant height and nutritional efficiency, the best results were obtained with the dose of 2.64 kg ha-1 of B, with a decrease in higher doses. Boron fertilization in sunflower crop positively influences the nutritional and growth aspects of plants. In general, the application of up to 3 kg ha-1 of B in soils with low natural content increases the crop yield, without phytotoxicity aspects caused by the nutrient","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74171198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2786
C. T. M. Pereira, Fernando Cesar Carducci, L. M. R. Rodrigues, L. Beriam, L. Shigueoka, Valdir Mariucci Junior, Kawana Silva Bortolato, G. H. Sera
Bacterial-halo-blight and bacterial-leaf-spot are important coffee diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae and pv. tabaci, respectively. The most suitable method to control these diseases is the use of resistant cultivars. There are no studies on resistance to Pseudomonas syringae (PS) in coffee derived from BA-10 genotypes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to PS in lines derived from BA-10 under field conditions with simultaneous natural infections of the pathovars garcae and tabaci. 38 F4 and two F5 lines derived from BA-10 were evaluated in a field trial in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 and IAPAR 59 were the susceptible and intermediate resistant controls, respectively. Resistance to PS was evaluated in January 2017 after 45 months of planting. The grading scale varied from 1 to 5, where grade 1 was plants with more resistance and 5 plants more susceptible. Two F5 lines showed 100% of resistant plants (grades 1 and 2) and the F4 line IAPAR 12201 showed 60% of plants with a high level of resistance to PS (grade 1), while the control Catuaí showed no resistant plant. IAPAR 59 and several F4 lines showed high frequency of plants with intermediate resistance to PS
{"title":"Lines derived from coffee BA-10 with resistance to Pseudomonas syringae under field conditions with simultaneous natural infections of the pathovars garcae and tabaci","authors":"C. T. M. Pereira, Fernando Cesar Carducci, L. M. R. Rodrigues, L. Beriam, L. Shigueoka, Valdir Mariucci Junior, Kawana Silva Bortolato, G. H. Sera","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2786","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial-halo-blight and bacterial-leaf-spot are important coffee diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae and pv. tabaci, respectively. The most suitable method to control these diseases is the use of resistant cultivars. There are no studies on resistance to Pseudomonas syringae (PS) in coffee derived from BA-10 genotypes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to PS in lines derived from BA-10 under field conditions with simultaneous natural infections of the pathovars garcae and tabaci. 38 F4 and two F5 lines derived from BA-10 were evaluated in a field trial in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 and IAPAR 59 were the susceptible and intermediate resistant controls, respectively. Resistance to PS was evaluated in January 2017 after 45 months of planting. The grading scale varied from 1 to 5, where grade 1 was plants with more resistance and 5 plants more susceptible. Two F5 lines showed 100% of resistant plants (grades 1 and 2) and the F4 line IAPAR 12201 showed 60% of plants with a high level of resistance to PS (grade 1), while the control Catuaí showed no resistant plant. IAPAR 59 and several F4 lines showed high frequency of plants with intermediate resistance to PS","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80120076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3217
Youssef Ait Bella, S. Bouda, Y. Khachtib, A. Haddioui
Moroccan plum cultivars were genetically characterized for assessing diversity and relatedness. In this study, a total of 23 plum cultivars were analyzed using 14 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. A total of 100 bands were obtained, of which 84 were polymorphic (84%). The mean values of PIC, Rp, I and Ht were 0.45; 3.03; 0.42 and 0.27, respectively, implying the important genetic variability between the plum cultivars. Furthermore, the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) between all groups was 0.21 indicating that 21 % of total genetic variability was between groups and 79 % was within groups. The UPGMA dendrogram and Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified four gene pools of cultivars independently of their geographic origin and denomination. These results showed that the ISSRs markers can be a useful tool for detecting molecular polymorphism and to survey the genetic diversity in this fruit crop.
{"title":"Genetic variability of cultivated plum (Prunus domestica L. & Prunus salicina Lindl.) in Morocco assessed by ISSR markers","authors":"Youssef Ait Bella, S. Bouda, Y. Khachtib, A. Haddioui","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3217","url":null,"abstract":"Moroccan plum cultivars were genetically characterized for assessing diversity and relatedness. In this study, a total of 23 plum cultivars were analyzed using 14 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. A total of 100 bands were obtained, of which 84 were polymorphic (84%). The mean values of PIC, Rp, I and Ht were 0.45; 3.03; 0.42 and 0.27, respectively, implying the important genetic variability between the plum cultivars. Furthermore, the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) between all groups was 0.21 indicating that 21 % of total genetic variability was between groups and 79 % was within groups. The UPGMA dendrogram and Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified four gene pools of cultivars independently of their geographic origin and denomination. These results showed that the ISSRs markers can be a useful tool for detecting molecular polymorphism and to survey the genetic diversity in this fruit crop.","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3088
Thulo Sejake, N. Shargie, R. Christian, A. Amelework, T. Tsilo
Genetic diversity analysis is an important component in conventional and marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity among 100 sorghum accessions, which were selected randomly from the Sorghum National Germplasm Bank maintained at Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. A total of 136 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were used in this study. The KASP markers were previously derived from single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) analysis of the world-wide sorghum accessions by other research groups. A total of 110 KASP markers were polymorphic and recorded an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.3, which indicated high level of discrimination of the markers. The markers had an average gene diversity and observed heterozygosity of 0.3 and 0.10, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significantly high variation among accessions (83% and 89%) than within accessions (10% and 11%) based on breeding status and geographic origin, respectively. Genetic distance varied from 0.0 between SA0672 and SA0673, SA1282 and SA0670 to 0.57 between Hakika and SA1442 with an average mean of 0.30. The dendrogram and model-based population analysis identified three and four distinct groups in 95 sorghum accessions, respectively. These results imply the presence of genetic diversity and lack of genetic bottleneck within the National Sorghum Germplasm Bank, which could be highly relevant for sorghum breeding and germplasm maintenance
{"title":"Genetic diversity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) accessions using SNP based Kompetitive allele-specific (KASP) markers","authors":"Thulo Sejake, N. Shargie, R. Christian, A. Amelework, T. Tsilo","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3088","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity analysis is an important component in conventional and marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity among 100 sorghum accessions, which were selected randomly from the Sorghum National Germplasm Bank maintained at Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. A total of 136 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were used in this study. The KASP markers were previously derived from single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) analysis of the world-wide sorghum accessions by other research groups. A total of 110 KASP markers were polymorphic and recorded an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.3, which indicated high level of discrimination of the markers. The markers had an average gene diversity and observed heterozygosity of 0.3 and 0.10, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significantly high variation among accessions (83% and 89%) than within accessions (10% and 11%) based on breeding status and geographic origin, respectively. Genetic distance varied from 0.0 between SA0672 and SA0673, SA1282 and SA0670 to 0.57 between Hakika and SA1442 with an average mean of 0.30. The dendrogram and model-based population analysis identified three and four distinct groups in 95 sorghum accessions, respectively. These results imply the presence of genetic diversity and lack of genetic bottleneck within the National Sorghum Germplasm Bank, which could be highly relevant for sorghum breeding and germplasm maintenance","PeriodicalId":11075,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, June 28, 2021","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90862548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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