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Third-Line Therapeutic Interventions for Non-Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in Children. 儿童非神经源性膀胱功能障碍的三线治疗干预。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01227-3
Alyssa M Lombardo, Seth A Alpert

Purpose of review: The aim of this article is to review considerations and efficacy of third-line treatments for pediatric non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, including Botulinum toxin A (BoTNA), Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS), and Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM).

Recent findings: Federal Drug Administration approval for use of beta-3-agonists in overactive detrusor activity in pediatric patients may provide an additional step prior to third-line therapies. New long-term data on pediatric SNM efficacy, complications, and revision rates will provide valuable information for counseling families. BoTNA offers a safe and efficacious treatment to decrease detrusor contractility and improve bladder capacity but is limited by the half-life of BoNTA agent. Percutaneous or transcutaneous PTNS offers improved voided volumes or cure in some patients but is time-intensive. SNM can be utilized in a variety of LUTD pathology with high success rate and cure but should consider cumulative anesthetic and fluoroscopic exposures for battery replacements and re-positioning for patient growth.

综述目的:本文旨在综述治疗小儿非神经源性膀胱功能障碍的三线疗法的注意事项和疗效,包括 A 型肉毒杆菌毒素 (BoTNA)、胫后神经刺激 (PTNS) 和骶神经调控 (SNM):最近的研究结果:美国联邦药品管理局批准使用β-3-激动剂治疗儿童患者的过度逼尿肌活动,这为三线疗法提供了一个新的步骤。关于小儿SNM疗效、并发症和翻修率的新的长期数据将为咨询家庭提供有价值的信息。BoTNA 是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可降低逼尿肌收缩力并改善膀胱容量,但受 BoNTA 制剂半衰期的限制。经皮或经皮 PTNS 可改善部分患者的排尿量或治愈,但耗时较长。SNM可用于各种LUTD病理,成功率和治愈率都很高,但应考虑到更换电池和重新定位以适应患者生长所需的累积麻醉和透视暴露。
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引用次数: 0
Results of Radical Nephrectomy and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy. 根治性肾切除术和下腔静脉血栓形成术的结果。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01228-2
Roberto Filizzola, Daniel Romero, Samuel Mendez, David Brunstein, Alejandro Benitez

Purpose of review: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) with invasion into the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare and mortal condition. Patients with RCC have an average life expectancy of no more than six months, thus requiring an aggressive surgical approach. We analyze the outcomes of patients that underwent surgery at a single medical institution.

Recent findings: The analysis of recent series of successful treatment with radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy shows a 5 year survival from 45 to 69%. We found in the analyzed series that the success of the treatment in these patients depends on the resection of the renal tumor and venous thrombectomy. We found that at our medical institution nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy with primary repair have no intraoperative mortality and no pulmonary embolism. Nephrectomy and thrombectomy of IVC is a reliable approach for patients with advance RCC.

综述目的:侵犯下腔静脉(IVC)的肾细胞癌(RCC)是一种罕见的致命疾病。RCC 患者的平均预期寿命不超过 6 个月,因此需要积极的手术治疗。我们分析了在一家医疗机构接受手术的患者的治疗效果:对近期成功接受根治性肾切除术和输尿管血栓切除术治疗的系列患者进行的分析表明,患者的 5 年生存率在 45% 到 69% 之间。我们在分析的系列研究中发现,这些患者的治疗成功与否取决于肾肿瘤切除术和静脉血栓切除术。我们发现,在我们的医疗机构中,肾切除术和静脉血栓切除术加初级修复术没有术中死亡率,也没有肺栓塞。肾切除术和 IVC 血栓切除术是治疗晚期 RCC 患者的可靠方法。
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引用次数: 0
Professional Burnout and Career Choice Regret in Urology Residents. 泌尿科住院医生的职业倦怠和职业选择后悔。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01226-4
Kevin F Hanna, Kevin Koo

Purpose of review: High rates of professional burnout and career choice regret among urology residents may increase professional dissatisfaction, shorten career longevity, and exacerbate urology workforce shortages. Understanding the prevalence of and risk factors for burnout may help develop interventions.

Recent findings: Up to 48% of contemporary U.S. urology residents experience burnout symptoms, including up to 70% of second-year residents. Among overlapping personal, professional, institutional, and lifestyle risk factors, barriers to accessing medical and mental health care are frequently cited as an important association in residents. Limited intervention studies suggest that providing basic needs, such as on-call meals, and facilitating physical wellness and social engagement among residents may result in sustained reductions in burnout. Urology residents continue to experience high rates of burnout and career choice regret among medical specialties. Evidence-based interventions and sustainable policies that address primary risk factors are urgently needed.

综述目的:泌尿外科住院医师的职业倦怠和职业选择后悔率较高,这可能会增加职业不满情绪、缩短职业寿命并加剧泌尿外科人才短缺。了解职业倦怠的发生率和风险因素有助于制定干预措施:多达 48% 的当代美国泌尿外科住院医师出现职业倦怠症状,其中包括多达 70% 的二年级住院医师。在重叠的个人、职业、机构和生活方式风险因素中,获得医疗和心理健康护理的障碍经常被认为与住院医师的职业倦怠有重要关联。有限的干预研究表明,提供基本需求(如随叫随到的膳食)以及促进住院医师的身体健康和社会参与可能会持续减少倦怠感。泌尿外科住院医师的职业倦怠率和职业选择后悔率在医学专科中一直居高不下。目前迫切需要针对主要风险因素的循证干预措施和可持续政策。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Creating Patient Visit Summary: A Scoping Review and Guide to Implementation in an Erectile Dysfunction Clinic. 人工智能作为创建患者就诊摘要的工具:勃起功能障碍诊所的范围审查和实施指南。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01237-1
Supanut Lumbiganon, Elia Abou Chawareb, Muhammed A Moukhtar Hammad, Babak Azad, Dillan Shah, Faysal A Yafi

Purpose of review: In modern healthcare, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized clinical practices, particularly in data management and patient visit summary creation. Manual creation of patient summary is repetitive, time-consuming, prone to errors, and increases clinicians' workload. AI, through voice recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP), can automate this task more accurately and efficiently. Erectile dysfunction (ED) clinics, which deal with specific pattern of conditions together with an involvement of broader systemic issues, can greatly benefit from AI-driven patient summary. This scoping review examined the evidence on AI-generated patient summary and evaluated their implementation in ED clinics.

Recent findings: A total of 381 articles were initially identified, 11 studies were included for the analysis. These studies showcased various methodologies, such as AI-assisted clinical notes and NLP algorithms. Most studies have demonstrated the ability of AI to be used in real life clinical scenarios. Major electronic health record platforms are also integrating AI to their system. However, to date, no studies have specifically addressed AI for patient summary creation in ED clinics.

审查目的:在现代医疗保健领域,人工智能(AI)的整合给临床实践带来了革命性的变化,尤其是在数据管理和患者就诊摘要创建方面。人工创建病人就诊摘要重复、耗时、容易出错,而且增加了临床医生的工作量。人工智能通过语音识别和自然语言处理(NLP),可以更准确、更高效地自动完成这项任务。勃起功能障碍(ED)诊所在处理特定病症模式的同时,还涉及更广泛的系统性问题,因此人工智能驱动的患者摘要可使其受益匪浅。本范围综述研究了有关人工智能生成患者摘要的证据,并评估了其在 ED 诊所的实施情况:最初共确定了 381 篇文章,其中 11 项研究被纳入分析。这些研究展示了各种方法,如人工智能辅助临床笔记和 NLP 算法。大多数研究都证明了人工智能在实际临床场景中的应用能力。主要的电子病历平台也正在将人工智能集成到其系统中。然而,迄今为止,还没有研究专门针对在急诊室创建病人摘要的人工智能。
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引用次数: 0
Management of Post-RALP SUI and ED - What are and What Should we be Doing? RALP 术后 SUI 和 ED 的管理--我们正在做什么和应该做什么?
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01249-x
Thairo A Pereira, Jacob O Rust, Helen L Bernie

Purpose of review: Although there have been advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques for radical prostatectomy, surgery can still significantly impact continence and erectile function (EF), resulting in considerable quality-of-life impairment. This review critically evaluates existing treatment options for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) post-robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), alongside exploring emerging trends and discussing future directions for managing and preventing both conditions.

Recent findings: Patient history is pivotal in guiding surgical decisions, with the intensity of symptoms and their impact on the patient's life being primary influences for deciding the best treatment options for both SUI and ED. Penile rehabilitation strategies (PR) show promise in mitigating the effects of prostate cancer treatments on EF and improving overall health, though consensus is lacking on specific programs or initiation of timing for optimal recovery post-surgery. All patients undergoing RALP should receive preoperative counseling about SUI and early pelvic floor physical therapy. Fixed and adjustable slings effectively treat mild-to-moderate post-RALP SUI, while the artificial urinary sphincter is the gold standard for men with moderate or severe SUI. EF recovery after RALP faces obstacles such as patient characteristics, compliance, and cost, with no standardized PR approach. Future research should prioritize studies aiming to optimize treatment methods and enhance patient compliance.

综述目的:尽管根治性前列腺切除术的微创手术技术不断进步,但手术仍会严重影响尿失禁和勃起功能(EF),导致生活质量严重下降。这篇综述对机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺切除术(RALP)术后男性压力性尿失禁(SUI)和勃起功能障碍(ED)的现有治疗方案进行了严格评估,同时探讨了新的趋势,并讨论了管理和预防这两种疾病的未来方向:患者病史在指导手术决策方面至关重要,症状的强度及其对患者生活的影响是决定 SUI 和 ED 最佳治疗方案的主要影响因素。阴茎康复策略(PR)在减轻前列腺癌治疗对EF的影响和改善整体健康方面大有可为,但对于手术后最佳康复的具体方案或启动时机还缺乏共识。所有接受前列腺癌根治术(RALP)的患者都应该在术前接受有关 SUI 的咨询,并尽早接受盆底物理治疗。固定式和可调式吊带可有效治疗 RALP 术后轻度至中度 SUI,而人工尿道括约肌是治疗中度或重度 SUI 男性的金标准。RALP 术后 EF 恢复面临着患者特征、依从性和成本等障碍,没有标准化的 PR 方法。未来的研究应优先考虑旨在优化治疗方法和提高患者依从性的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Male Fertility Through AI-Based Management of Varicoceles. 通过人工授精治疗精索静脉曲张提高男性生育能力。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01241-5
Zhongwei Huang, Germar-M Pinggera, Ashok Agarwal

Review purpose: The clinical management of subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles in male infertility remains challenging. Current guidelines focus on treating men with abnormal semen analyses, but a more precise approach to identify, stratify, and prognosticate men with varicoceles and fertility issues is essential.

Recent findings: Multiple studies have utilized Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyze clinical-demographic characteristics, semen analyses, pre-operative imaging findings, and intra-operative clinical data. These AI-driven approaches aim to discover novel biomarkers that can assess, stratify, and prognosticate men with subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles requiring early intervention. These sophisticated methodologies offer new insights and strategies for understanding normal spermatogenesis and the pathophysiology of varicocele-related male infertility. The application of AI strategies is expected to revolutionize varicocele management, enhancing male fertility and optimizing reproductive outcomes.

综述目的:男性不育症中亚临床和无症状精索静脉曲张的临床治疗仍具有挑战性。目前的指南侧重于治疗精液分析异常的男性,但有必要采用更精确的方法对患有精索静脉曲张和生育问题的男性进行识别、分层和预后:多项研究利用人工智能(AI)分析临床人口学特征、精液分析、术前成像结果和术中临床数据。这些人工智能驱动的方法旨在发现新的生物标志物,从而对需要早期干预的亚临床和无症状精索静脉曲张男性患者进行评估、分层和预后。这些复杂的方法为了解正常精子发生和精索静脉曲张相关男性不育的病理生理学提供了新的见解和策略。人工智能策略的应用有望彻底改变精索静脉曲张的治疗,提高男性生育能力并优化生殖结果。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Management of Male Infertility, a Scoping Review. 人工智能在男性不育症临床治疗中的应用,范围综述。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01239-z
Noopur Naik, Bradley Roth, Scott D Lundy

Purpose of review: Infertility impacts one in six couples worldwide, with male infertility contributing to approximately half of these cases. However, the causes of infertility remain incompletely understood, and current methods of clinical management are cost-restrictive, time-intensive, and have limited success. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help address some of these challenges. In this review, we synthesize recent literature in AI with implications for the clinical management of male infertility.

Recent findings: Artificial intelligence may offer opportunities for proactive, cost-effective, and efficient management of male infertility, specifically in the areas of hypogonadism, semen analysis, and interventions such as assisted reproductive technology. Patients may benefit from the integration of AI into a male infertility specialist's clinical workflow. The ability of AI to integrate large volumes of data into predictive models could help clinicians guide conversations with patients on the value of various treatment options in infertility, but caution must be taken to ensure the quality of care being delivered remains high.

回顾的目的:全世界每六对夫妇中就有一对患有不孕症,其中约一半是男性不育症。然而,人们对不孕不育症的病因仍然知之甚少,目前的临床治疗方法成本高、耗时长,而且效果有限。人工智能(AI)可能有助于应对其中的一些挑战。在这篇综述中,我们总结了人工智能领域的最新文献,这些文献对男性不育症的临床治疗具有重要意义:人工智能可为男性不育症提供主动、经济、高效的管理机会,特别是在性腺功能减退症、精液分析和辅助生殖技术等干预领域。将人工智能整合到男性不育专科医生的临床工作流程中,患者可能会从中受益。人工智能将大量数据整合到预测模型中的能力可以帮助临床医生指导与患者就不孕症各种治疗方案的价值进行对话,但必须谨慎从事,以确保提供高质量的医疗服务。
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引用次数: 0
Voiding Dysfunction in Transgender Patients: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. 变性患者的排尿功能障碍:我们知道什么,我们不知道什么。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01234-4
Gabriela Gonzalez, Jennifer T Anger

Purpose of review: Transgender and non-binary patients (TGNB) undergoing gender affirming genital surgery may experience perioperative voiding dysfunction. This review aims to outline and analyze literature about gender affirming pelvic surgery urinary complications, evaluation, and treatment.

Recent findings: If a patient is seeking bottom surgery, then urinary goals and pre-operative symptoms should be discussed with respect to variable post-operative outcomes. Urologists should also be aware of the effect that gender affirming hormone therapy has on urinary symptoms. Urethral strictures and urethrocutaneous fistulae occur after feminizing and masculinizing procedures and may manifest as LUTS. Although there is no standardized approach for managing post-operative voiding issues, we present available options. The evaluation of TGNB patients is ideally affirming and tailored to the patient. Long-term urinary and voiding outcomes measurements after vaginoplasty and phalloplasty are also needed, as current validated questionnaires do not capture these symptoms well in TGNB patients.

审查目的:接受性别确认生殖器手术的变性和非二元患者(TGNB)可能会在围手术期出现排尿功能障碍。本综述旨在概述和分析有关性别肯定盆腔手术泌尿系统并发症、评估和治疗的文献:最近的研究结果:如果患者想要进行下体手术,那么就应该讨论排尿目标和术前症状,以了解术后的不同结果。泌尿科医生还应了解性别平权激素疗法对泌尿系统症状的影响。女性化和男性化手术后会出现尿道狭窄和尿道皮肤瘘,并可能表现为尿失禁。虽然目前还没有处理术后排尿问题的标准化方法,但我们将介绍可供选择的方案。对 TGNB 患者的评估最好是根据患者的具体情况进行。阴道成形术和阴茎成形术后还需要进行长期的排尿和排空结果测量,因为目前有效的调查问卷并不能很好地反映 TGNB 患者的这些症状。
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引用次数: 0
Focal Therapy in Grade Group 3 Prostate Cancer. 3级前列腺癌的局部治疗
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01211-x
Lee Pressler, Mariel Pressler

Purpose of this review: Treatment of intermediate risk prostate cancer remains controversial. Clearly some patients with low volume favorable intermediate risk can be followed with active surveillance. Those with high volume bilateral disease need more radical whole gland therapy. The question remains on how to best treat low volume localized unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (GG3) while maintaining quality of life. Focal therapy has been becoming a popular option for many patients with localized prostate cancer. Most studies looking at focal therapy for prostate cancer have been limited to GG1 and GG2, many of whom may not need treatment. We set out to review the literature evaluating the safety and efficacy of focal therapy for GG3 prostate cancer.

Recent findings: We reviewed multiple peer review articles obtained from a PubMed search. While in field biopsy recurrence rates approach 20%, failure free survival and overall survival exceeds 90%. While focal therapy for unfavorable GG3 intermediate risk prostate cancer may have higher rates of local recurrence with appropriate post procedure follow up, patients who need salvage therapy are easily identified and survival rates are very high. Focal therapy is a good option for patients with localized low volume GG3 prostate cancer without compromising cancer survival and preserving quality of life.

本综述的目的:中危前列腺癌的治疗仍存在争议。显然,一些体积较小的中危患者可以接受积极的监测。而那些双侧病变体积较大的患者则需要更彻底的全腺体治疗。问题仍然是如何在保持生活质量的同时,最好地治疗低体积局部不利的中危前列腺癌(GG3)。病灶治疗已成为许多局部前列腺癌患者的首选。大多数关于前列腺癌病灶治疗的研究仅限于 GG1 和 GG2,而其中许多患者可能并不需要治疗。我们着手回顾了评估GG3前列腺癌病灶治疗安全性和有效性的文献:我们查阅了从 PubMed 搜索获得的多篇同行评审文章。虽然现场活检复发率接近 20%,但无失败生存率和总生存率超过 90%。虽然针对不利的 GG3 中危前列腺癌的病灶治疗在适当的术后随访下可能会有较高的局部复发率,但需要挽救治疗的患者很容易被识别出来,而且生存率非常高。对于局部低体积 GG3 型前列腺癌患者来说,病灶治疗是一个不错的选择,既不会影响癌症生存,又能保证生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the Complexities of Uretero-Enteric Strictures: A Modern Review. 解读输尿管-肠管狭窄的复杂性:现代回顾。
IF 2.5 2区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01222-8
A Abdalla, Joshua A Cohn, J Simhan

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review article is to provide a contemporary overview of benign uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture (UAS) management and outcomes.

Recent findings: In this article, we will review the most recent studies investigating UAS and evaluate etiology, potential risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management options, along with personal insight gained from our experience with managing this challenging reconstructive complication. Benign UAS is a relatively common long-term complication of intestinal urinary diversion, affecting approximately 1 in 10 patients. It is thought to be caused by ureteral tissue ischemia and fibrosis at the anastomotic site. Risk factors appear to include any that increase the likelihood of leak or ischemia; it is not clear if anastomotic approach impacts risk for stricture as well. Management options are varied and include endourologic, open, and robotic approaches. Endoscopic approaches may be less morbid but are considerably less effective than reconstruction performed after a period of ureteral rest.

综述的目的:这篇综述文章的目的是对良性输尿管-肠管吻合口狭窄(UAS)的管理和结果进行当代概述:在本文中,我们将回顾有关 UAS 的最新研究,评估病因、潜在风险因素、表现、诊断和处理方案,以及我们在处理这种具有挑战性的重建并发症时获得的个人见解。良性 UAS 是肠道尿路改道术中一种相对常见的长期并发症,大约每 10 名患者中就有 1 人患病。它被认为是由吻合部位的输尿管组织缺血和纤维化引起的。风险因素似乎包括任何增加漏尿或缺血可能性的因素;目前还不清楚吻合方式是否也会影响狭窄风险。处理方法多种多样,包括内窥镜、开放式和机器人方法。内窥镜方法可能发病率较低,但与输尿管休息一段时间后进行的重建相比,效果要差得多。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Urology Reports
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