Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01227-3
Alyssa M Lombardo, Seth A Alpert
Purpose of review: The aim of this article is to review considerations and efficacy of third-line treatments for pediatric non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, including Botulinum toxin A (BoTNA), Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS), and Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM).
Recent findings: Federal Drug Administration approval for use of beta-3-agonists in overactive detrusor activity in pediatric patients may provide an additional step prior to third-line therapies. New long-term data on pediatric SNM efficacy, complications, and revision rates will provide valuable information for counseling families. BoTNA offers a safe and efficacious treatment to decrease detrusor contractility and improve bladder capacity but is limited by the half-life of BoNTA agent. Percutaneous or transcutaneous PTNS offers improved voided volumes or cure in some patients but is time-intensive. SNM can be utilized in a variety of LUTD pathology with high success rate and cure but should consider cumulative anesthetic and fluoroscopic exposures for battery replacements and re-positioning for patient growth.
{"title":"Third-Line Therapeutic Interventions for Non-Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in Children.","authors":"Alyssa M Lombardo, Seth A Alpert","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01227-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01227-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The aim of this article is to review considerations and efficacy of third-line treatments for pediatric non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, including Botulinum toxin A (BoTNA), Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS), and Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Federal Drug Administration approval for use of beta-3-agonists in overactive detrusor activity in pediatric patients may provide an additional step prior to third-line therapies. New long-term data on pediatric SNM efficacy, complications, and revision rates will provide valuable information for counseling families. BoTNA offers a safe and efficacious treatment to decrease detrusor contractility and improve bladder capacity but is limited by the half-life of BoNTA agent. Percutaneous or transcutaneous PTNS offers improved voided volumes or cure in some patients but is time-intensive. SNM can be utilized in a variety of LUTD pathology with high success rate and cure but should consider cumulative anesthetic and fluoroscopic exposures for battery replacements and re-positioning for patient growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"331-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01228-2
Roberto Filizzola, Daniel Romero, Samuel Mendez, David Brunstein, Alejandro Benitez
Purpose of review: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) with invasion into the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare and mortal condition. Patients with RCC have an average life expectancy of no more than six months, thus requiring an aggressive surgical approach. We analyze the outcomes of patients that underwent surgery at a single medical institution.
Recent findings: The analysis of recent series of successful treatment with radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy shows a 5 year survival from 45 to 69%. We found in the analyzed series that the success of the treatment in these patients depends on the resection of the renal tumor and venous thrombectomy. We found that at our medical institution nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy with primary repair have no intraoperative mortality and no pulmonary embolism. Nephrectomy and thrombectomy of IVC is a reliable approach for patients with advance RCC.
{"title":"Results of Radical Nephrectomy and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy.","authors":"Roberto Filizzola, Daniel Romero, Samuel Mendez, David Brunstein, Alejandro Benitez","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01228-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01228-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) with invasion into the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare and mortal condition. Patients with RCC have an average life expectancy of no more than six months, thus requiring an aggressive surgical approach. We analyze the outcomes of patients that underwent surgery at a single medical institution.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The analysis of recent series of successful treatment with radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy shows a 5 year survival from 45 to 69%. We found in the analyzed series that the success of the treatment in these patients depends on the resection of the renal tumor and venous thrombectomy. We found that at our medical institution nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy with primary repair have no intraoperative mortality and no pulmonary embolism. Nephrectomy and thrombectomy of IVC is a reliable approach for patients with advance RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"339-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01226-4
Kevin F Hanna, Kevin Koo
Purpose of review: High rates of professional burnout and career choice regret among urology residents may increase professional dissatisfaction, shorten career longevity, and exacerbate urology workforce shortages. Understanding the prevalence of and risk factors for burnout may help develop interventions.
Recent findings: Up to 48% of contemporary U.S. urology residents experience burnout symptoms, including up to 70% of second-year residents. Among overlapping personal, professional, institutional, and lifestyle risk factors, barriers to accessing medical and mental health care are frequently cited as an important association in residents. Limited intervention studies suggest that providing basic needs, such as on-call meals, and facilitating physical wellness and social engagement among residents may result in sustained reductions in burnout. Urology residents continue to experience high rates of burnout and career choice regret among medical specialties. Evidence-based interventions and sustainable policies that address primary risk factors are urgently needed.
{"title":"Professional Burnout and Career Choice Regret in Urology Residents.","authors":"Kevin F Hanna, Kevin Koo","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01226-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01226-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>High rates of professional burnout and career choice regret among urology residents may increase professional dissatisfaction, shorten career longevity, and exacerbate urology workforce shortages. Understanding the prevalence of and risk factors for burnout may help develop interventions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Up to 48% of contemporary U.S. urology residents experience burnout symptoms, including up to 70% of second-year residents. Among overlapping personal, professional, institutional, and lifestyle risk factors, barriers to accessing medical and mental health care are frequently cited as an important association in residents. Limited intervention studies suggest that providing basic needs, such as on-call meals, and facilitating physical wellness and social engagement among residents may result in sustained reductions in burnout. Urology residents continue to experience high rates of burnout and career choice regret among medical specialties. Evidence-based interventions and sustainable policies that address primary risk factors are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"325-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01237-1
Supanut Lumbiganon, Elia Abou Chawareb, Muhammed A Moukhtar Hammad, Babak Azad, Dillan Shah, Faysal A Yafi
Purpose of review: In modern healthcare, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized clinical practices, particularly in data management and patient visit summary creation. Manual creation of patient summary is repetitive, time-consuming, prone to errors, and increases clinicians' workload. AI, through voice recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP), can automate this task more accurately and efficiently. Erectile dysfunction (ED) clinics, which deal with specific pattern of conditions together with an involvement of broader systemic issues, can greatly benefit from AI-driven patient summary. This scoping review examined the evidence on AI-generated patient summary and evaluated their implementation in ED clinics.
Recent findings: A total of 381 articles were initially identified, 11 studies were included for the analysis. These studies showcased various methodologies, such as AI-assisted clinical notes and NLP algorithms. Most studies have demonstrated the ability of AI to be used in real life clinical scenarios. Major electronic health record platforms are also integrating AI to their system. However, to date, no studies have specifically addressed AI for patient summary creation in ED clinics.
审查目的:在现代医疗保健领域,人工智能(AI)的整合给临床实践带来了革命性的变化,尤其是在数据管理和患者就诊摘要创建方面。人工创建病人就诊摘要重复、耗时、容易出错,而且增加了临床医生的工作量。人工智能通过语音识别和自然语言处理(NLP),可以更准确、更高效地自动完成这项任务。勃起功能障碍(ED)诊所在处理特定病症模式的同时,还涉及更广泛的系统性问题,因此人工智能驱动的患者摘要可使其受益匪浅。本范围综述研究了有关人工智能生成患者摘要的证据,并评估了其在 ED 诊所的实施情况:最初共确定了 381 篇文章,其中 11 项研究被纳入分析。这些研究展示了各种方法,如人工智能辅助临床笔记和 NLP 算法。大多数研究都证明了人工智能在实际临床场景中的应用能力。主要的电子病历平台也正在将人工智能集成到其系统中。然而,迄今为止,还没有研究专门针对在急诊室创建病人摘要的人工智能。
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Creating Patient Visit Summary: A Scoping Review and Guide to Implementation in an Erectile Dysfunction Clinic.","authors":"Supanut Lumbiganon, Elia Abou Chawareb, Muhammed A Moukhtar Hammad, Babak Azad, Dillan Shah, Faysal A Yafi","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01237-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01237-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In modern healthcare, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized clinical practices, particularly in data management and patient visit summary creation. Manual creation of patient summary is repetitive, time-consuming, prone to errors, and increases clinicians' workload. AI, through voice recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP), can automate this task more accurately and efficiently. Erectile dysfunction (ED) clinics, which deal with specific pattern of conditions together with an involvement of broader systemic issues, can greatly benefit from AI-driven patient summary. This scoping review examined the evidence on AI-generated patient summary and evaluated their implementation in ED clinics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A total of 381 articles were initially identified, 11 studies were included for the analysis. These studies showcased various methodologies, such as AI-assisted clinical notes and NLP algorithms. Most studies have demonstrated the ability of AI to be used in real life clinical scenarios. Major electronic health record platforms are also integrating AI to their system. However, to date, no studies have specifically addressed AI for patient summary creation in ED clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01249-x
Thairo A Pereira, Jacob O Rust, Helen L Bernie
Purpose of review: Although there have been advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques for radical prostatectomy, surgery can still significantly impact continence and erectile function (EF), resulting in considerable quality-of-life impairment. This review critically evaluates existing treatment options for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) post-robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), alongside exploring emerging trends and discussing future directions for managing and preventing both conditions.
Recent findings: Patient history is pivotal in guiding surgical decisions, with the intensity of symptoms and their impact on the patient's life being primary influences for deciding the best treatment options for both SUI and ED. Penile rehabilitation strategies (PR) show promise in mitigating the effects of prostate cancer treatments on EF and improving overall health, though consensus is lacking on specific programs or initiation of timing for optimal recovery post-surgery. All patients undergoing RALP should receive preoperative counseling about SUI and early pelvic floor physical therapy. Fixed and adjustable slings effectively treat mild-to-moderate post-RALP SUI, while the artificial urinary sphincter is the gold standard for men with moderate or severe SUI. EF recovery after RALP faces obstacles such as patient characteristics, compliance, and cost, with no standardized PR approach. Future research should prioritize studies aiming to optimize treatment methods and enhance patient compliance.
综述目的:尽管根治性前列腺切除术的微创手术技术不断进步,但手术仍会严重影响尿失禁和勃起功能(EF),导致生活质量严重下降。这篇综述对机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺切除术(RALP)术后男性压力性尿失禁(SUI)和勃起功能障碍(ED)的现有治疗方案进行了严格评估,同时探讨了新的趋势,并讨论了管理和预防这两种疾病的未来方向:患者病史在指导手术决策方面至关重要,症状的强度及其对患者生活的影响是决定 SUI 和 ED 最佳治疗方案的主要影响因素。阴茎康复策略(PR)在减轻前列腺癌治疗对EF的影响和改善整体健康方面大有可为,但对于手术后最佳康复的具体方案或启动时机还缺乏共识。所有接受前列腺癌根治术(RALP)的患者都应该在术前接受有关 SUI 的咨询,并尽早接受盆底物理治疗。固定式和可调式吊带可有效治疗 RALP 术后轻度至中度 SUI,而人工尿道括约肌是治疗中度或重度 SUI 男性的金标准。RALP 术后 EF 恢复面临着患者特征、依从性和成本等障碍,没有标准化的 PR 方法。未来的研究应优先考虑旨在优化治疗方法和提高患者依从性的研究。
{"title":"Management of Post-RALP SUI and ED - What are and What Should we be Doing?","authors":"Thairo A Pereira, Jacob O Rust, Helen L Bernie","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01249-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01249-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Although there have been advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques for radical prostatectomy, surgery can still significantly impact continence and erectile function (EF), resulting in considerable quality-of-life impairment. This review critically evaluates existing treatment options for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) post-robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), alongside exploring emerging trends and discussing future directions for managing and preventing both conditions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Patient history is pivotal in guiding surgical decisions, with the intensity of symptoms and their impact on the patient's life being primary influences for deciding the best treatment options for both SUI and ED. Penile rehabilitation strategies (PR) show promise in mitigating the effects of prostate cancer treatments on EF and improving overall health, though consensus is lacking on specific programs or initiation of timing for optimal recovery post-surgery. All patients undergoing RALP should receive preoperative counseling about SUI and early pelvic floor physical therapy. Fixed and adjustable slings effectively treat mild-to-moderate post-RALP SUI, while the artificial urinary sphincter is the gold standard for men with moderate or severe SUI. EF recovery after RALP faces obstacles such as patient characteristics, compliance, and cost, with no standardized PR approach. Future research should prioritize studies aiming to optimize treatment methods and enhance patient compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01241-5
Zhongwei Huang, Germar-M Pinggera, Ashok Agarwal
Review purpose: The clinical management of subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles in male infertility remains challenging. Current guidelines focus on treating men with abnormal semen analyses, but a more precise approach to identify, stratify, and prognosticate men with varicoceles and fertility issues is essential.
Recent findings: Multiple studies have utilized Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyze clinical-demographic characteristics, semen analyses, pre-operative imaging findings, and intra-operative clinical data. These AI-driven approaches aim to discover novel biomarkers that can assess, stratify, and prognosticate men with subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles requiring early intervention. These sophisticated methodologies offer new insights and strategies for understanding normal spermatogenesis and the pathophysiology of varicocele-related male infertility. The application of AI strategies is expected to revolutionize varicocele management, enhancing male fertility and optimizing reproductive outcomes.
{"title":"Enhancing Male Fertility Through AI-Based Management of Varicoceles.","authors":"Zhongwei Huang, Germar-M Pinggera, Ashok Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01241-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-024-01241-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Review purpose: </strong>The clinical management of subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles in male infertility remains challenging. Current guidelines focus on treating men with abnormal semen analyses, but a more precise approach to identify, stratify, and prognosticate men with varicoceles and fertility issues is essential.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Multiple studies have utilized Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyze clinical-demographic characteristics, semen analyses, pre-operative imaging findings, and intra-operative clinical data. These AI-driven approaches aim to discover novel biomarkers that can assess, stratify, and prognosticate men with subclinical and symptomatic varicoceles requiring early intervention. These sophisticated methodologies offer new insights and strategies for understanding normal spermatogenesis and the pathophysiology of varicocele-related male infertility. The application of AI strategies is expected to revolutionize varicocele management, enhancing male fertility and optimizing reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01239-z
Noopur Naik, Bradley Roth, Scott D Lundy
Purpose of review: Infertility impacts one in six couples worldwide, with male infertility contributing to approximately half of these cases. However, the causes of infertility remain incompletely understood, and current methods of clinical management are cost-restrictive, time-intensive, and have limited success. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help address some of these challenges. In this review, we synthesize recent literature in AI with implications for the clinical management of male infertility.
Recent findings: Artificial intelligence may offer opportunities for proactive, cost-effective, and efficient management of male infertility, specifically in the areas of hypogonadism, semen analysis, and interventions such as assisted reproductive technology. Patients may benefit from the integration of AI into a male infertility specialist's clinical workflow. The ability of AI to integrate large volumes of data into predictive models could help clinicians guide conversations with patients on the value of various treatment options in infertility, but caution must be taken to ensure the quality of care being delivered remains high.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Management of Male Infertility, a Scoping Review.","authors":"Noopur Naik, Bradley Roth, Scott D Lundy","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01239-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01239-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Infertility impacts one in six couples worldwide, with male infertility contributing to approximately half of these cases. However, the causes of infertility remain incompletely understood, and current methods of clinical management are cost-restrictive, time-intensive, and have limited success. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help address some of these challenges. In this review, we synthesize recent literature in AI with implications for the clinical management of male infertility.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Artificial intelligence may offer opportunities for proactive, cost-effective, and efficient management of male infertility, specifically in the areas of hypogonadism, semen analysis, and interventions such as assisted reproductive technology. Patients may benefit from the integration of AI into a male infertility specialist's clinical workflow. The ability of AI to integrate large volumes of data into predictive models could help clinicians guide conversations with patients on the value of various treatment options in infertility, but caution must be taken to ensure the quality of care being delivered remains high.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01234-4
Gabriela Gonzalez, Jennifer T Anger
Purpose of review: Transgender and non-binary patients (TGNB) undergoing gender affirming genital surgery may experience perioperative voiding dysfunction. This review aims to outline and analyze literature about gender affirming pelvic surgery urinary complications, evaluation, and treatment.
Recent findings: If a patient is seeking bottom surgery, then urinary goals and pre-operative symptoms should be discussed with respect to variable post-operative outcomes. Urologists should also be aware of the effect that gender affirming hormone therapy has on urinary symptoms. Urethral strictures and urethrocutaneous fistulae occur after feminizing and masculinizing procedures and may manifest as LUTS. Although there is no standardized approach for managing post-operative voiding issues, we present available options. The evaluation of TGNB patients is ideally affirming and tailored to the patient. Long-term urinary and voiding outcomes measurements after vaginoplasty and phalloplasty are also needed, as current validated questionnaires do not capture these symptoms well in TGNB patients.
{"title":"Voiding Dysfunction in Transgender Patients: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.","authors":"Gabriela Gonzalez, Jennifer T Anger","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01234-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01234-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Transgender and non-binary patients (TGNB) undergoing gender affirming genital surgery may experience perioperative voiding dysfunction. This review aims to outline and analyze literature about gender affirming pelvic surgery urinary complications, evaluation, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>If a patient is seeking bottom surgery, then urinary goals and pre-operative symptoms should be discussed with respect to variable post-operative outcomes. Urologists should also be aware of the effect that gender affirming hormone therapy has on urinary symptoms. Urethral strictures and urethrocutaneous fistulae occur after feminizing and masculinizing procedures and may manifest as LUTS. Although there is no standardized approach for managing post-operative voiding issues, we present available options. The evaluation of TGNB patients is ideally affirming and tailored to the patient. Long-term urinary and voiding outcomes measurements after vaginoplasty and phalloplasty are also needed, as current validated questionnaires do not capture these symptoms well in TGNB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01211-x
Lee Pressler, Mariel Pressler
Purpose of this review: Treatment of intermediate risk prostate cancer remains controversial. Clearly some patients with low volume favorable intermediate risk can be followed with active surveillance. Those with high volume bilateral disease need more radical whole gland therapy. The question remains on how to best treat low volume localized unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (GG3) while maintaining quality of life. Focal therapy has been becoming a popular option for many patients with localized prostate cancer. Most studies looking at focal therapy for prostate cancer have been limited to GG1 and GG2, many of whom may not need treatment. We set out to review the literature evaluating the safety and efficacy of focal therapy for GG3 prostate cancer.
Recent findings: We reviewed multiple peer review articles obtained from a PubMed search. While in field biopsy recurrence rates approach 20%, failure free survival and overall survival exceeds 90%. While focal therapy for unfavorable GG3 intermediate risk prostate cancer may have higher rates of local recurrence with appropriate post procedure follow up, patients who need salvage therapy are easily identified and survival rates are very high. Focal therapy is a good option for patients with localized low volume GG3 prostate cancer without compromising cancer survival and preserving quality of life.
{"title":"Focal Therapy in Grade Group 3 Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Lee Pressler, Mariel Pressler","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01211-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01211-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of this review: </strong>Treatment of intermediate risk prostate cancer remains controversial. Clearly some patients with low volume favorable intermediate risk can be followed with active surveillance. Those with high volume bilateral disease need more radical whole gland therapy. The question remains on how to best treat low volume localized unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (GG3) while maintaining quality of life. Focal therapy has been becoming a popular option for many patients with localized prostate cancer. Most studies looking at focal therapy for prostate cancer have been limited to GG1 and GG2, many of whom may not need treatment. We set out to review the literature evaluating the safety and efficacy of focal therapy for GG3 prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We reviewed multiple peer review articles obtained from a PubMed search. While in field biopsy recurrence rates approach 20%, failure free survival and overall survival exceeds 90%. While focal therapy for unfavorable GG3 intermediate risk prostate cancer may have higher rates of local recurrence with appropriate post procedure follow up, patients who need salvage therapy are easily identified and survival rates are very high. Focal therapy is a good option for patients with localized low volume GG3 prostate cancer without compromising cancer survival and preserving quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"271-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01222-8
A Abdalla, Joshua A Cohn, J Simhan
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review article is to provide a contemporary overview of benign uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture (UAS) management and outcomes.
Recent findings: In this article, we will review the most recent studies investigating UAS and evaluate etiology, potential risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management options, along with personal insight gained from our experience with managing this challenging reconstructive complication. Benign UAS is a relatively common long-term complication of intestinal urinary diversion, affecting approximately 1 in 10 patients. It is thought to be caused by ureteral tissue ischemia and fibrosis at the anastomotic site. Risk factors appear to include any that increase the likelihood of leak or ischemia; it is not clear if anastomotic approach impacts risk for stricture as well. Management options are varied and include endourologic, open, and robotic approaches. Endoscopic approaches may be less morbid but are considerably less effective than reconstruction performed after a period of ureteral rest.
{"title":"Unraveling the Complexities of Uretero-Enteric Strictures: A Modern Review.","authors":"A Abdalla, Joshua A Cohn, J Simhan","doi":"10.1007/s11934-024-01222-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-024-01222-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review article is to provide a contemporary overview of benign uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture (UAS) management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In this article, we will review the most recent studies investigating UAS and evaluate etiology, potential risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management options, along with personal insight gained from our experience with managing this challenging reconstructive complication. Benign UAS is a relatively common long-term complication of intestinal urinary diversion, affecting approximately 1 in 10 patients. It is thought to be caused by ureteral tissue ischemia and fibrosis at the anastomotic site. Risk factors appear to include any that increase the likelihood of leak or ischemia; it is not clear if anastomotic approach impacts risk for stricture as well. Management options are varied and include endourologic, open, and robotic approaches. Endoscopic approaches may be less morbid but are considerably less effective than reconstruction performed after a period of ureteral rest.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}