Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy最新文献

Purpose: This study aims to determine apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB48) levels before and after a high-fat diet in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to explore its relationship with MetS. It provides new risk markers for exploring the mechanism of MetS and offers important theoretical basis and candidate targets for subsequent research.

Patients and methods: A total of 192 adult Chinese volunteers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants were divided into control and MetS groups according to the NCEP ATP III diagnostic criteria for MetS. All participants underwent oral fat tolerance testing (OFTT). Serum concentrations of fasting and postprandial ApoB48 were measured, and their relationships with each MetS component were analyzed.

Results: Among 192 participants, 81 were diagnosed with MetS. Both fasting and postprandial ApoB48 concentrations were higher in the MetS group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of MetS increased with rising ApoB48 levels. In both groups, ApoB48 concentrations initially increased and then decreased after OFTT, peaking at 4 h postprandially, with higher peak values observed in the MetS group. Fasting and 2-h postprandial ApoB48 levels had the strongest correlations with MetS.

Conclusion: Higher ApoB48 levels before and after OFTT were positively correlated with an increased risk of MetS and were higher than those in the healthy population. Fasting ApoB48 and 2-h postprandial ApoB48 levels after a high-fat meal may be potential markers of MetS.

Purpose: To develop and validate an individualized risk prediction model for carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), addressing the need for a non-invasive and practical screening tool.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from a cohort of 1014 non-obese T2DM patients (mean age: 58.65±11.95 years; 691 males and 323 females) enrolled between 2016 and 2025. We collected a comprehensive set of clinical variables, including demographics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, hepatic and renal function, and glycemic indicators. The population was randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set. Feature selection was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic analysis to identify significant predictors. A nomogram was subsequently constructed based on these independent risk factors. The model's performance was rigorously evaluated by assessing its discriminative ability with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), its calibration with calibration plots, and its potential clinical net benefit with decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results: The final prediction model incorporated five key clinical variables: age, gender, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. The nomogram demonstrated strong and consistent performance, achieving AUC values of 0.828 in the training set and 0.824 in the validation set, indicating high discriminatory power. Calibration curves showed excellent agreement between predicted probabilities and actual observed outcomes. Furthermore, decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the model for a wide range of risk thresholds.

Conclusion: The validated nomogram provides a reliable and easily applicable tool for the early identification of CAS risk in non-obese individuals with T2DM. This model facilitates personalized risk assessment and supports clinical decision-making for targeted preventive strategies, potentially reducing the incidence of associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Flavonoids are widely present in various plants and possess multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation and anticancer. In the realm of disease prevention and therapeutic interventions, a noteworthy function is assumed by these entities, evident from their significant research potentiality and intrinsic value. Characterized by an excessive lipid accumulation within the hepatic cells, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) manifests as a prevalent chronic ailment of the liver. The "multiple hits" theory suggests that its occurrence is the result of systemic homeostasis imbalance, influenced by factors such as abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota. However, there are no effective clinical drugs for it. Recent studies have found that flavonoid active components can alleviate MAFLD through multiple pathways, including regulating abnormal lipid metabolism, inhibiting inflammatory response, alleviating oxidative stress, improving insulin resistance, regulating gut microbiota, and regulating liver autophagy. Therefore, this paper summarizes the pharmacological action and related mechanisms of flavonoid active components in improving MAFLD. This manuscript may provide a reference for seeking a novel therapeutic agent for MAFLD management.