Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846519
K. Lazarus, N. H. Noordin, Z. Ibrahim
The Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) algorithm is a newly introduced optimization algorithm inspired by the estimation capabilities of Kalman filter. In this paper, a population based metaheuristic algorithm named Simulated Kalman Filter with Modified Measurement (SKFMM) is proposed for adaptive beamforming application. SKFMM is compared with the existing SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming. The experimental results show that the SKFMM algorithm can produce better mean Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR) values compared to the current SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming application, producing statistically significant results.
{"title":"An Enhanced Simulated Kalman Filter Algorithm and its Application in Adaptive Beamforming","authors":"K. Lazarus, N. H. Noordin, Z. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846519","url":null,"abstract":"The Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) algorithm is a newly introduced optimization algorithm inspired by the estimation capabilities of Kalman filter. In this paper, a population based metaheuristic algorithm named Simulated Kalman Filter with Modified Measurement (SKFMM) is proposed for adaptive beamforming application. SKFMM is compared with the existing SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming. The experimental results show that the SKFMM algorithm can produce better mean Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR) values compared to the current SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming application, producing statistically significant results.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123545671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846505
M. T. Islam, S. Kibria, M. Samsuzzaman, K. Mat, Mohammad Tausiful Islam
A modified ultra-wideband(UWB) antenna with a side feeding asymmetric line and high directional radiation pattern is presented. The presented antenna is consist of a side feeding patch, rectangular modified ground with overall electrical dimension of 0.480λ × 0.560λ × 0.013λ at first resonance frequency. Numerous parameters are considered and optimized for using the proposed antenna in microwave imaging (MI) system over UWB frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna offers an operating fractional bandwidth of about 121.31% (2.4 – 9.8 GHz) for reflection co-efficient −10dB, with good impedance matching, 8.9 dBi of the highest gain highly directional stable radiation pattern. The fidelity factor is 63% for face to face direction and 82% for side by side placement, that indicates the directional and lower alteration of the received signal. The antenna is designed and simulated using commercially available CST simulation software to verify the antenna behavior. The antenna can be a decent contender for using in MI application for its compact design, high gain, and directionality.
{"title":"A Modified Side Feeding Directional Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications","authors":"M. T. Islam, S. Kibria, M. Samsuzzaman, K. Mat, Mohammad Tausiful Islam","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846505","url":null,"abstract":"A modified ultra-wideband(UWB) antenna with a side feeding asymmetric line and high directional radiation pattern is presented. The presented antenna is consist of a side feeding patch, rectangular modified ground with overall electrical dimension of 0.480λ × 0.560λ × 0.013λ at first resonance frequency. Numerous parameters are considered and optimized for using the proposed antenna in microwave imaging (MI) system over UWB frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna offers an operating fractional bandwidth of about 121.31% (2.4 – 9.8 GHz) for reflection co-efficient −10dB, with good impedance matching, 8.9 dBi of the highest gain highly directional stable radiation pattern. The fidelity factor is 63% for face to face direction and 82% for side by side placement, that indicates the directional and lower alteration of the received signal. The antenna is designed and simulated using commercially available CST simulation software to verify the antenna behavior. The antenna can be a decent contender for using in MI application for its compact design, high gain, and directionality.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127024846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846475
S. Zainuddin, I. Pasya, N. E. Rashid, R. Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Abdullah
This paper evaluated the performance of range detection of a MIMO FMCW radar system detecting small vessels in maritime environments, through numerical simulations. The targets were modeled as Swerling1 targets, which resemble target with slow-changing radar cross sections (RCS). A MIMO FMCW system utilizing two transmitting antennas emitting two FMCW signals in different frequency bands, and two receiving antennas for MIMO processing - is proposed. In the MIMO scheme, a waveform design comprises of two sub-bands with an interval band, is suggested to avoid co-band interference between the two signals emitted from two transmitting antennas. At the receiver, the receiving signals were combined by means of spectrum averaging, before implementation of peak detection to estimate the target range. The performance of the proposed system is observed in terms of probability of range error, simulated over a range of signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). Simulation results indicated that MIMO processing yields approximately 3 dB improvements of probability of range error against SNR, compared to SISO case observed at 20% range error probability. In addition, the effects of interval band deployment on the quality of beat frequency was also discussed.
{"title":"Performance of MIMO FMCW Radar in Detecting Small Vessels","authors":"S. Zainuddin, I. Pasya, N. E. Rashid, R. Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846475","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluated the performance of range detection of a MIMO FMCW radar system detecting small vessels in maritime environments, through numerical simulations. The targets were modeled as Swerling1 targets, which resemble target with slow-changing radar cross sections (RCS). A MIMO FMCW system utilizing two transmitting antennas emitting two FMCW signals in different frequency bands, and two receiving antennas for MIMO processing - is proposed. In the MIMO scheme, a waveform design comprises of two sub-bands with an interval band, is suggested to avoid co-band interference between the two signals emitted from two transmitting antennas. At the receiver, the receiving signals were combined by means of spectrum averaging, before implementation of peak detection to estimate the target range. The performance of the proposed system is observed in terms of probability of range error, simulated over a range of signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). Simulation results indicated that MIMO processing yields approximately 3 dB improvements of probability of range error against SNR, compared to SISO case observed at 20% range error probability. In addition, the effects of interval band deployment on the quality of beat frequency was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846487
Hidayath Mirza, P. Soh, T. M. Hossain, R. A. Sheikh, M. Jamlos, A. A. Al-Hadi
This paper presents a bi-layered textile-based flexible linear-to-circular polarizing surface. The proposed structure is designed based on a loop type structure for CubeSat application in the S-band. Each unit cell is sized at 0.42λg×0.40λg×0.02λg for operation centered at 2.2 GHz. This unit cell is then multiplied into a 4 × 4 array to form the polarizing surface. It features a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 34.31 % in simulations and 29.09 % in measurements. Besides that, an equivalent circuit model of the unit cell and the assessment of the polarizer under oblique incidences are presented. The performance of the proposed surface is validated by placing it in front of a patch antenna operating at 2.2 GHz. The antenna performance indicated an increase in terms of realized gain from 3.21 dB to 7.33 dB when integrated with the polarizing surface, besides successfully converting linearly-polarized waves to circularly-polarized.
{"title":"Flexible Linear-to-Circular Polarizing Surface for S-Band CubeSat Based on Dodecagonal Ring","authors":"Hidayath Mirza, P. Soh, T. M. Hossain, R. A. Sheikh, M. Jamlos, A. A. Al-Hadi","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846487","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a bi-layered textile-based flexible linear-to-circular polarizing surface. The proposed structure is designed based on a loop type structure for CubeSat application in the S-band. Each unit cell is sized at 0.42λg×0.40λg×0.02λg for operation centered at 2.2 GHz. This unit cell is then multiplied into a 4 × 4 array to form the polarizing surface. It features a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 34.31 % in simulations and 29.09 % in measurements. Besides that, an equivalent circuit model of the unit cell and the assessment of the polarizer under oblique incidences are presented. The performance of the proposed surface is validated by placing it in front of a patch antenna operating at 2.2 GHz. The antenna performance indicated an increase in terms of realized gain from 3.21 dB to 7.33 dB when integrated with the polarizing surface, besides successfully converting linearly-polarized waves to circularly-polarized.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846503
M. Rahman, Md Shahrukh Adnan Khan, Md. Rejwanul Hossain, S. M. Raihan, Manobendu Sarker
Working towards improving and expanding fiber optic communication, mainly in the form of internet services in Bangladesh, an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) model is designed by setting the gain to appropriate values to compensate for power loss and noise figure to a standard of 6 dB. The standard value of EDFA optical model has been taken from local network. By varying the gain and noise figure, the system performance is evaluated in terms of Q-factor, bit error rate (BER) and optical spectrum for distance between of 150km to 450km for 16 and 32 channel non-return to zero (NRZ) model in OptiSystem. It is found that local network uses EDFA gain of 5 whereas simulation shows a gain of 5.5 gives worthy performance of low BER and high Q-factor.
{"title":"Simulation Analysis of EDFA in Optical Fiber with WDM System in the Perspective of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Rahman, Md Shahrukh Adnan Khan, Md. Rejwanul Hossain, S. M. Raihan, Manobendu Sarker","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846503","url":null,"abstract":"Working towards improving and expanding fiber optic communication, mainly in the form of internet services in Bangladesh, an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) model is designed by setting the gain to appropriate values to compensate for power loss and noise figure to a standard of 6 dB. The standard value of EDFA optical model has been taken from local network. By varying the gain and noise figure, the system performance is evaluated in terms of Q-factor, bit error rate (BER) and optical spectrum for distance between of 150km to 450km for 16 and 32 channel non-return to zero (NRZ) model in OptiSystem. It is found that local network uses EDFA gain of 5 whereas simulation shows a gain of 5.5 gives worthy performance of low BER and high Q-factor.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125760578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846534
M. F. Mansor, T. Brown
A method to miniaturise printed quadrifilar helix antenna (PQHA) by reducing its axial length is presented. The axial length reduction is achieved by folding the helical element of the PQHA several times depending on targeted size reduction. As for the feeding network, a compact cascaded power divider network with folded arms is designed to excite each of the antenna helical arm. Comparisons between conventional and double-folded (DF) PQHAs’ reflection coefficient and gain pattern show that this method can achieve nearly 70% of axial length reduction without significantly compromising on its impedance bandwidth and efficiency.
{"title":"Double-folded Half Wavelength Printed Quadrifilar Helix Antenna with Feeding Network","authors":"M. F. Mansor, T. Brown","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846534","url":null,"abstract":"A method to miniaturise printed quadrifilar helix antenna (PQHA) by reducing its axial length is presented. The axial length reduction is achieved by folding the helical element of the PQHA several times depending on targeted size reduction. As for the feeding network, a compact cascaded power divider network with folded arms is designed to excite each of the antenna helical arm. Comparisons between conventional and double-folded (DF) PQHAs’ reflection coefficient and gain pattern show that this method can achieve nearly 70% of axial length reduction without significantly compromising on its impedance bandwidth and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121974907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846516
C. K. A. C. Alam, F. Seman, N. Norhan, A. Asrokin, E. Baharudin
In this paper we investigate the impact of Solid Ground Faults in the twisted pair towards the network performance which is achievable bit rate. A cable bleeding model based on the actual Telekom Malaysia 10 copper bundle has been developed using CST software. The measurement was performed to validate the simulated results. It is observed that the cable bleeding affects the attenuation of the copper cable hence the upload and download stream achievable bit rate.
{"title":"Impact of Solid Ground Faults in Copper Cable toward Achievable Bit Rate in VDSL2 and G.fast Technology","authors":"C. K. A. C. Alam, F. Seman, N. Norhan, A. Asrokin, E. Baharudin","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846516","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate the impact of Solid Ground Faults in the twisted pair towards the network performance which is achievable bit rate. A cable bleeding model based on the actual Telekom Malaysia 10 copper bundle has been developed using CST software. The measurement was performed to validate the simulated results. It is observed that the cable bleeding affects the attenuation of the copper cable hence the upload and download stream achievable bit rate.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134542001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846506
R. Aldebes, M. N. Hindia, K. Dimyati, E. Hanafi
High Quality of Service is one of the most highlighted expectations of the next generation. Providing users with full coverage and variant demands, even during their movement between adjacent cells, is considered challenging tasks in 5G. The high-speed mobility, one of the transportation’s trends in the future, relocates this challenge to a different level. This work suggests a mechanism of sequential steps to strengthen the handover process. Considering two threshold levels rather than the traditional solo one is used to distinguish between the phase of the triggering the handover process and making the handover decision. Taking advantage of Doppler frequency is also used to minimize the target cells list. Finally, a function combined of different weighted measures taken from the target list to make the vertical handover decision. Adopting more metrics, in addition to the conventional received signal strength, reduces the number of handover trials between the cells and overcomes the ping-pong phenomenon. Cooperation between neighbor cells is required to re-allocate the resources in a manner that ensures the fairness between the users and also to successfully perform a necessary handover. Thus, the short target cells’ list degrades the complexity, the required processing time and the total consumed power by the overall system.
{"title":"Robust Vertical Handover Decision based on Two Thresholds and Multiple Parameters","authors":"R. Aldebes, M. N. Hindia, K. Dimyati, E. Hanafi","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846506","url":null,"abstract":"High Quality of Service is one of the most highlighted expectations of the next generation. Providing users with full coverage and variant demands, even during their movement between adjacent cells, is considered challenging tasks in 5G. The high-speed mobility, one of the transportation’s trends in the future, relocates this challenge to a different level. This work suggests a mechanism of sequential steps to strengthen the handover process. Considering two threshold levels rather than the traditional solo one is used to distinguish between the phase of the triggering the handover process and making the handover decision. Taking advantage of Doppler frequency is also used to minimize the target cells list. Finally, a function combined of different weighted measures taken from the target list to make the vertical handover decision. Adopting more metrics, in addition to the conventional received signal strength, reduces the number of handover trials between the cells and overcomes the ping-pong phenomenon. Cooperation between neighbor cells is required to re-allocate the resources in a manner that ensures the fairness between the users and also to successfully perform a necessary handover. Thus, the short target cells’ list degrades the complexity, the required processing time and the total consumed power by the overall system.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117134129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2018.8846562
B. Esmail, H. Majid, S. Dahlan, Z. Abidin, M. Rahim, M. A. Abdullah, M. Jusoh
This paper introduces an antenna beam tilting in azimuth-plane at a 5th generation (5G) candidate band, 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is dipole antenna and the beam tilting is achieved using array of metamaterial (MTM) unit cells. The new square range resonator (SRR) unit cell is composed of a one range included into square shape. Integration of SRR array in the dipole antenna allows to create different refractive index and consequently tilt the main beam of the original antenna in both positive (+24 degrees) and negative (−25 degrees) directions. Furthermore, there is a gain enhancement through the deflection process by 1.87 dB (positive tilt) and 1.84 dB (positive tilt) compared to the antenna with no SRR unit cells. In addition, the return loss of the original antenna corresponds well with that of the antenna loading by SRR array.
{"title":"Antenna beam tilting and gain enhancement using novel metamaterial structure at 28 GHz","authors":"B. Esmail, H. Majid, S. Dahlan, Z. Abidin, M. Rahim, M. A. Abdullah, M. Jusoh","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2018.8846562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2018.8846562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an antenna beam tilting in azimuth-plane at a 5th generation (5G) candidate band, 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is dipole antenna and the beam tilting is achieved using array of metamaterial (MTM) unit cells. The new square range resonator (SRR) unit cell is composed of a one range included into square shape. Integration of SRR array in the dipole antenna allows to create different refractive index and consequently tilt the main beam of the original antenna in both positive (+24 degrees) and negative (−25 degrees) directions. Furthermore, there is a gain enhancement through the deflection process by 1.87 dB (positive tilt) and 1.84 dB (positive tilt) compared to the antenna with no SRR unit cells. In addition, the return loss of the original antenna corresponds well with that of the antenna loading by SRR array.","PeriodicalId":111726,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130074264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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