Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0085
Gebeyaw Tilahun Yeshaneh
The study was conducted at the Abuhoy Gara Catchment, which is located in the Gidan District of North Wello Zone. The aim of the study was to study farmers’ perceptions about the effect of farm land management practices and soil depth on the distribution of major soil physico-chemical properties in eroded soils of Aboy Gara watershed. To address this issue, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 64 households to gain insight into soil fertility management practices, local methods were used to assess the fertility status of a field, and perceived trends in soil fertility. Thirty-three farmers were then asked to identify fertile and infertile fields. According to farmers response, farmers’ fields were characterized as fertile where it comprise black color, cracks during dry season, good crop performance, vigorous growth of certain plants and presence of plants in a dry environment whereas the infertile is where it shows yellow/white and red colors, compacted soils, stunted plant growth, presence of rocks and stones and wilting or dying of crops in a hot environment. A total of eight indicators (soil color, texture, soil depth, topography, soil drainage, and distance from home, type of weeds grown and cultivation intensity) were found to be used by farmers to evaluate and monitor soil fertility. The results of administered questions showed that the principal indicators mentioned by farmers as very important were soil colour (82.8%), continuous cropping land (72.2%), soil texture (62.8%), distance from home (61%), type of weeds grown (56%), soil depth (55.6%), topography (51.1%), and soil drainage (28.7%) as very important. So, among sixty four interviewed farmers: deep soil (60 farmers), soils near to home (60 farmers), forest soil (59 farmers), smooth fine soil (59 farmers), black color soil (58 farmers) and gentle slope soil (57farmers) are categorized as fertile whereas 59, 57, 56, 55, and 44farmers said that Sandy/coarse soil, shallow soil depth, steep slope soils and yellow/white, red soils and continuously cultivated soils are infertile, respectively. The overall result showed that there was good agreement between farmers’ assessment of the soil fertility status of a field and a number of these indicators. The soil laboratory analysis also corresponded well with farmers’ assessment of soil fertility. Therefore, to design more appropriate research and to facilitate clear communication with farmers, researchers need to recognize farmers’ knowledge, perceptions about assessments of soil fertility. Because, as they included all soil factors affecting plant growth, farmers’ perceptions of soil fertility were found to be more long term day-to-day close practical experience finding than those of researchers.
{"title":"Farmers’ Perceptions about the Effect of Farm Land Management Practices and Soil Depth on the Distribution of Major Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Eroded Soils of Aboy Gara Watershed, Gidan District, North Wollo Zone","authors":"Gebeyaw Tilahun Yeshaneh","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0085","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the Abuhoy Gara Catchment, which is located in the Gidan District of North Wello Zone. The aim of the study was to study farmers’ perceptions about the effect of farm land management practices and soil depth on the distribution of major soil physico-chemical properties in eroded soils of Aboy Gara watershed. To address this issue, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 64 households to gain insight into soil fertility management practices, local methods were used to assess the fertility status of a field, and perceived trends in soil fertility. Thirty-three farmers were then asked to identify fertile and infertile fields. According to farmers response, farmers’ fields were characterized as fertile where it comprise black color, cracks during dry season, good crop performance, vigorous growth of certain plants and presence of plants in a dry environment whereas the infertile is where it shows yellow/white and red colors, compacted soils, stunted plant growth, presence of rocks and stones and wilting or dying of crops in a hot environment. A total of eight indicators (soil color, texture, soil depth, topography, soil drainage, and distance from home, type of weeds grown and cultivation intensity) were found to be used by farmers to evaluate and monitor soil fertility. The results of administered questions showed that the principal indicators mentioned by farmers as very important were soil colour (82.8%), continuous cropping land (72.2%), soil texture (62.8%), distance from home (61%), type of weeds grown (56%), soil depth (55.6%), topography (51.1%), and soil drainage (28.7%) as very important. So, among sixty four interviewed farmers: deep soil (60 farmers), soils near to home (60 farmers), forest soil (59 farmers), smooth fine soil (59 farmers), black color soil (58 farmers) and gentle slope soil (57farmers) are categorized as fertile whereas 59, 57, 56, 55, and 44farmers said that Sandy/coarse soil, shallow soil depth, steep slope soils and yellow/white, red soils and continuously cultivated soils are infertile, respectively. The overall result showed that there was good agreement between farmers’ assessment of the soil fertility status of a field and a number of these indicators. The soil laboratory analysis also corresponded well with farmers’ assessment of soil fertility. Therefore, to design more appropriate research and to facilitate clear communication with farmers, researchers need to recognize farmers’ knowledge, perceptions about assessments of soil fertility. Because, as they included all soil factors affecting plant growth, farmers’ perceptions of soil fertility were found to be more long term day-to-day close practical experience finding than those of researchers.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0082
V. Okorie, M. Omoregie
Buildings collapses in the Nigerian major urban cites continues to engender an excessive number of fatalities, injuries and property damage. This study investigates whose fault, the clients, engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, town planner or contractors in the cause of incessant collapse of building in Lagos State. Two research approaches were employed - quantitative and interview protocol. The findings revealed that greed and engagement of quacks by building clients, lack of commitment by top management of contracting firms, bribery and corruption among town planning officers ranked highest. Thus, achieving sustainable environment, liveable, viable, quality buildings, and better performance deserves collective responsibilities of key participants in building construction delivery chain, particularly during the early planning and design stage. The study therefore, recommends that the key stakeholders should have a rethink and attitudinal change towards their roles and responsibilities in all matters concerning building construction process and save the country from wanton destruction of precious life and property resulting from incessant buildings collapses in our major urban cities.
{"title":"Collapsed Buildings: Whose Fault – Clients, Engineers, Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Town Planners or Contractors?","authors":"V. Okorie, M. Omoregie","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0082","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings collapses in the Nigerian major urban cites continues to engender an excessive number of fatalities, injuries and property damage. This study investigates whose fault, the clients, engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, town planner or contractors in the cause of incessant collapse of building in Lagos State. Two research approaches were employed - quantitative and interview protocol. The findings revealed that greed and engagement of quacks by building clients, lack of commitment by top management of contracting firms, bribery and corruption among town planning officers ranked highest. Thus, achieving sustainable environment, liveable, viable, quality buildings, and better performance deserves collective responsibilities of key participants in building construction delivery chain, particularly during the early planning and design stage. The study therefore, recommends that the key stakeholders should have a rethink and attitudinal change towards their roles and responsibilities in all matters concerning building construction process and save the country from wanton destruction of precious life and property resulting from incessant buildings collapses in our major urban cities.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79727380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0073
M. O. Oyewolo, M. Komolafe
The study investigates tenants’ willingness to pay for green features in office properties in Lagos, Nigeria. This is with a view to determining the inclinations of users to green buildings. Data for the study were collected through the use of structured questionnaire administered using purposive sampling. Tenants’ Willingness To Pay Index (TWTPI) was used to measure the tenants’ willingness to pay for green building features. The features considered were ‘Water, Rain Water and Sewage’, Site Selection, Site Design and Land Scape Ecology’, ‘Building Ecology, ‘Waste and Recycling’, ‘Indoor Air Climate’, Material use and Conservation’, and Owner and Occupant Education’. The willingness of tenants to pay for features such as ‘Energy Conservation’, ‘Water, Rain Water and Sewage’ and ‘Site Selection, Site Design and Land Scape Ecology’ ranked first, second and third with TWTPI of 3.12, 2.72 and 2.71respectively. This finding shows that the majority of the features had a TWTPI of less than 3(out of 6) indicating that the level of willingness of tenants to pay for the majority of green features was below average. The paper advocates for relevant agencies to embark on aggressive awareness campaign which emphasizes the direct benefits of green building.
{"title":"Tenants Willingness to Pay for Green Features in Office Properties","authors":"M. O. Oyewolo, M. Komolafe","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0073","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates tenants’ willingness to pay for green features in office properties in Lagos, Nigeria. This is with a view to determining the inclinations of users to green buildings. Data for the study were collected through the use of structured questionnaire administered using purposive sampling. Tenants’ Willingness To Pay Index (TWTPI) was used to measure the tenants’ willingness to pay for green building features. The features considered were ‘Water, Rain Water and Sewage’, Site Selection, Site Design and Land Scape Ecology’, ‘Building Ecology, ‘Waste and Recycling’, ‘Indoor Air Climate’, Material use and Conservation’, and Owner and Occupant Education’. The willingness of tenants to pay for features such as ‘Energy Conservation’, ‘Water, Rain Water and Sewage’ and ‘Site Selection, Site Design and Land Scape Ecology’ ranked first, second and third with TWTPI of 3.12, 2.72 and 2.71respectively. This finding shows that the majority of the features had a TWTPI of less than 3(out of 6) indicating that the level of willingness of tenants to pay for the majority of green features was below average. The paper advocates for relevant agencies to embark on aggressive awareness campaign which emphasizes the direct benefits of green building.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80363824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0074
J. Obiefuna, P. Nwilo, C. Okolie, E. I. Emmanuel, O. Daramola
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key environmental parameters affected by land cover change. Lagos State has been experiencing an increase in surface temperature due to growing areas of impervious surfaces caused by anthropogenic urban sprawl. While the change in LST has been established, its continuous monitoring and relationship with continuing Land Cover (LC) changes have become imperative for appropriate management and policy actions. This study investigated the effect of land cover change on LST in the rapidly urbanising Lagos metropolis. Using spatio-temporal Landsat imageries with their thermal bands and ancillary data, land cover and LST changes were assessed from 1984 - 2015. The spatial patterns of LST and LC were derived to examine the response of LST to urban growth. Findings confirmed urban sprawl in previously rural areas northward of the metropolis in LGAs such as Ikorodu, Kosofe and those fringing the state’s border with Ogun State. This also confirmed new growth areas as occurring west of the metropolis in Amuwo-Odofin LGA. The results further showed that the rapid urbanisation in Lagos metropolis has altered the surface thermal environment as indicated by increased LST. Built-up area and bare land accounted for the highest increase in LST (as high as 1.5℃ in some areas) while wetlands and other vegetated areas played a vital role in moderating the surface temperature in areas they still occupy. This provides reasonable evidence for the appropriate authorities to institute requisite policies and actions towards moderating urban sprawl while ramping up the development of urban green infrastructure to counter global warming.
{"title":"Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Cover Changes in Lagos Metropolis","authors":"J. Obiefuna, P. Nwilo, C. Okolie, E. I. Emmanuel, O. Daramola","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0074","url":null,"abstract":"Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key environmental parameters affected by land cover change. Lagos State has been experiencing an increase in surface temperature due to growing areas of impervious surfaces caused by anthropogenic urban sprawl. While the change in LST has been established, its continuous monitoring and relationship with continuing Land Cover (LC) changes have become imperative for appropriate management and policy actions. This study investigated the effect of land cover change on LST in the rapidly urbanising Lagos metropolis. Using spatio-temporal Landsat imageries with their thermal bands and ancillary data, land cover and LST changes were assessed from 1984 - 2015. The spatial patterns of LST and LC were derived to examine the response of LST to urban growth. Findings confirmed urban sprawl in previously rural areas northward of the metropolis in LGAs such as Ikorodu, Kosofe and those fringing the state’s border with Ogun State. This also confirmed new growth areas as occurring west of the metropolis in Amuwo-Odofin LGA. The results further showed that the rapid urbanisation in Lagos metropolis has altered the surface thermal environment as indicated by increased LST. Built-up area and bare land accounted for the highest increase in LST (as high as 1.5℃ in some areas) while wetlands and other vegetated areas played a vital role in moderating the surface temperature in areas they still occupy. This provides reasonable evidence for the appropriate authorities to institute requisite policies and actions towards moderating urban sprawl while ramping up the development of urban green infrastructure to counter global warming.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"44 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89170962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.1804.06
Ali Iqbal, I. Touqir, Asim Ashfaque, Natasha Khan, Fahim Ashraf
WT (Wavelet Transform) is considered as landmark for image compression because it represents a signal in terms of functions which are localized both in frequency and time domain. Wavelet sub-band coding exploits the self-similarity of pixels in images and arranges resulting coefficients in different sub-bands. A much simpler and fully embedded codec algorithm SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees) is widely used for the compression of wavelet transformed images. It encodes the transformed coefficients depending upon their significance comparative to the given threshold. Statistical analysis reveals that the output bit-stream of SPIHT comprises of long trail of zeroes that can be further compressed, therefore SPIHT is not advocated to be used as sole mean of compression. In this paper, wavelet transformed images have been initially compressed by using SPIHT technique and to attain more compression, the output bit streams of SPIHT are then fed to entropy encoders; Huffman and Arithmetic encoders, for further de-correlation. The comparison of two concatenations has been carried out by evaluating few factors like Bit Saving Capability, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), Compression Ratio and Elapsed Time. The experimental results of these cascading demonstrate that SPIHT combined with Arithmetic coding yields better compression ratio as compared to SPIHT cascaded with Huffman coding. Whereas, SPIHT once combined with Huffman coding is proved to be comparatively efficient.
小波变换(WT)被认为是图像压缩的里程碑，因为它用在频域和时域都局部化的函数来表示信号。小波子带编码利用图像中像素的自相似性，将得到的系数分布在不同的子带中。一种更简单的全嵌入式编解码器算法SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees)被广泛用于小波变换图像的压缩。它根据转换系数相对于给定阈值的显著性对其进行编码。统计分析表明，SPIHT的输出比特流是由可以进一步压缩的长串零组成的，因此不提倡将SPIHT作为唯一的压缩均值。本文首先利用SPIHT技术对小波变换后的图像进行初步压缩，然后将SPIHT的输出码流送入熵编码器以获得更大的压缩;霍夫曼和算术编码器，进一步去相关。通过对比特保存能力、PSNR(峰值信噪比)、压缩比和运行时间等几个因素的评估，对两种连接方式进行了比较。这些级联的实验结果表明，与霍夫曼编码级联的SPIHT相比，算术编码结合的SPIHT具有更好的压缩比。然而，SPIHT一旦与霍夫曼编码结合被证明是相对有效的。
{"title":"Comparison of Effects of Entropy Coding Schemes Cascaded with Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees","authors":"Ali Iqbal, I. Touqir, Asim Ashfaque, Natasha Khan, Fahim Ashraf","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.1804.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.1804.06","url":null,"abstract":"WT (Wavelet Transform) is considered as landmark for image compression because it represents a signal in terms of functions which are localized both in frequency and time domain. Wavelet sub-band coding exploits the self-similarity of pixels in images and arranges resulting coefficients in different sub-bands. A much simpler and fully embedded codec algorithm SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees) is widely used for the compression of wavelet transformed images. It encodes the transformed coefficients depending upon their significance comparative to the given threshold. Statistical analysis reveals that the output bit-stream of SPIHT comprises of long trail of zeroes that can be further compressed, therefore SPIHT is not advocated to be used as sole mean of compression. In this paper, wavelet transformed images have been initially compressed by using SPIHT technique and to attain more compression, the output bit streams of SPIHT are then fed to entropy encoders; Huffman and Arithmetic encoders, for further de-correlation. The comparison of two concatenations has been carried out by evaluating few factors like Bit Saving Capability, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), Compression Ratio and Elapsed Time. The experimental results of these cascading demonstrate that SPIHT combined with Arithmetic coding yields better compression ratio as compared to SPIHT cascaded with Huffman coding. Whereas, SPIHT once combined with Huffman coding is proved to be comparatively efficient.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89179012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.1804.14
Saima Kalsum Babar, N. Talpur, A. Khooharo
The concentration of Cu (Copper) and Zn (Zinc) decreases upon flooded conditions of rice soil. To assess the effects of flooding and application of Cu and Zn coated urea on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cu and Zn, a glasshouse experiment was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Rice plants (30 days old seedlings of type MR-219) on two soils (riverine and alluvium and marine alluvium) were transplanted. Nine treatments with variable rates and combinations of Cu and Zn coated urea were applied. The sources of fertilizers were copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. Eh values decreased with flooding time in both soils. The changes of Eh values were more negative in control treatments and stabilized after 3 weeks of submergence. The Eh variation was not observed affectively in the treated soils however, soil pH increased with flooding time. During the 3rd week of submergence, pH was neutral (pH 7.0). In both soils, Cu and Zn treated soil showed lower Eh and higher pH values as compared to untreated soil. Concentration of Cu and Zn in soil solution decreased with flooding. The higher Cu and Zn contents in soil were recorded in treated soils. Reduced solubility of Cu and Zn in control soils was related to larger changes in Eh and pH values. Mean comparison with Tukey’s HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test showed that Cu and Zn solubility decreased with decreased Eh and increased pH in the soil solution (p < 0.05%).
{"title":"Effects of Cu and Zn Coated Urea on Eh, pH and Solubility of Cu and Zn in Rice Soils","authors":"Saima Kalsum Babar, N. Talpur, A. Khooharo","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.1804.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.1804.14","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of Cu (Copper) and Zn (Zinc) decreases upon flooded conditions of rice soil. To assess the effects of flooding and application of Cu and Zn coated urea on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cu and Zn, a glasshouse experiment was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Rice plants (30 days old seedlings of type MR-219) on two soils (riverine and alluvium and marine alluvium) were transplanted. Nine treatments with variable rates and combinations of Cu and Zn coated urea were applied. The sources of fertilizers were copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. Eh values decreased with flooding time in both soils. The changes of Eh values were more negative in control treatments and stabilized after 3 weeks of submergence. The Eh variation was not observed affectively in the treated soils however, soil pH increased with flooding time. During the 3rd week of submergence, pH was neutral (pH 7.0). In both soils, Cu and Zn treated soil showed lower Eh and higher pH values as compared to untreated soil. Concentration of Cu and Zn in soil solution decreased with flooding. The higher Cu and Zn contents in soil were recorded in treated soils. Reduced solubility of Cu and Zn in control soils was related to larger changes in Eh and pH values. Mean comparison with Tukey’s HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test showed that Cu and Zn solubility decreased with decreased Eh and increased pH in the soil solution (p < 0.05%).","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88226184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.1804.20
Mohammad Laeeque Ahmed, M. A. Javed, A. Qureshi
As Pakistan along with the rest of the world continues to develop, demand for limited natural resources continues to increase also. This demand for resources and subsequent waste that is generated has driven the idea of sustainability towards the forefront of modern day research. To achieve this goal, new and innovative ways are being developed to recycle waste materials that otherwise would end up in landfill sites. Slag, a by-product of steel manufacturing is one such waste material. Pakistan as being a developing country does not have proper facilities to insure safe disposal and recycling of slag. Hence, new and innovative ways for recycling slag are a necessity for Pakistan to move towards technological advancement. Current study focuses to explore the feasibility of using local induction furnace slag as partial substitute of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) in concrete as well as to check its performance against chloride and sulphate damage. The test results showed that 15% or more slag replacement will make the concrete immune to chloride and sulphate damage. However, results also indicate that with increase in slag replacement percentage there is a significant drop in compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete. Keeping in view the loss of strength, immunity against chloride and sulphate damage, reduction in cost of making concrete and sustainability benefits; 15% slag replacement has been deemed optimum replacement value.
{"title":"Benefits of Incorporating Induction Furnace Slag in Concrete as Replacement of Cement: A Case Study of Pakistan","authors":"Mohammad Laeeque Ahmed, M. A. Javed, A. Qureshi","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.1804.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.1804.20","url":null,"abstract":"As Pakistan along with the rest of the world continues to develop, demand for limited natural resources continues to increase also. This demand for resources and subsequent waste that is generated has driven the idea of sustainability towards the forefront of modern day research. To achieve this goal, new and innovative ways are being developed to recycle waste materials that otherwise would end up in landfill sites. Slag, a by-product of steel manufacturing is one such waste material. Pakistan as being a developing country does not have proper facilities to insure safe disposal and recycling of slag. Hence, new and innovative ways for recycling slag are a necessity for Pakistan to move towards technological advancement. Current study focuses to explore the feasibility of using local induction furnace slag as partial substitute of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) in concrete as well as to check its performance against chloride and sulphate damage. The test results showed that 15% or more slag replacement will make the concrete immune to chloride and sulphate damage. However, results also indicate that with increase in slag replacement percentage there is a significant drop in compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete. Keeping in view the loss of strength, immunity against chloride and sulphate damage, reduction in cost of making concrete and sustainability benefits; 15% slag replacement has been deemed optimum replacement value.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90645281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.1804.01
Semiye Demircan, H. Kahramanli
ER (Emotion Recognition) from speech signals has been among the attractive subjects lately. As known feature extraction and feature selection are most important process steps in ER from speech signals. The aim of present study is to select the most relevant spectral feature subset. The proposed method is based on feature selection with optimization algorithm among the features obtained from speech signals. Firstly, MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients) were extracted from the EmoDB. Several statistical values as maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and median were obtained from MFCC. The next process of study was feature selection which was performed in two stages: In the first stage ABM (Agent-Based Modelling) that is hardly applied to this area was applied to actual features. In the second stageOpt-aiNET optimization algorithm was applied in order to choose the agent group giving the best classification success. The last process of the study is classification. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and 10 cross-validations were used for classification and evaluation. A narrow comprehension with three emotions was performed in the application. As a result, it was seen that the classification accuracy was rising after applying proposed method. The method was shown promising performance with spectral features.
{"title":"Application of ABM to Spectral Features for Emotion Recognition","authors":"Semiye Demircan, H. Kahramanli","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.1804.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.1804.01","url":null,"abstract":"ER (Emotion Recognition) from speech signals has been among the attractive subjects lately. As known feature extraction and feature selection are most important process steps in ER from speech signals. The aim of present study is to select the most relevant spectral feature subset. The proposed method is based on feature selection with optimization algorithm among the features obtained from speech signals. Firstly, MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients) were extracted from the EmoDB. Several statistical values as maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and median were obtained from MFCC. The next process of study was feature selection which was performed in two stages: In the first stage ABM (Agent-Based Modelling) that is hardly applied to this area was applied to actual features. In the second stageOpt-aiNET optimization algorithm was applied in order to choose the agent group giving the best classification success. The last process of the study is classification. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and 10 cross-validations were used for classification and evaluation. A narrow comprehension with three emotions was performed in the application. As a result, it was seen that the classification accuracy was rising after applying proposed method. The method was shown promising performance with spectral features.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91450015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unconventional is not unpredictable","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2018-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2018-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80781698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22581/MUET1982.1804.08
A. Syed, R. Asif, Saman Hina, Z. Fatima
IoT (Internet of Things) is the next generation of the Internet. The main goal of IoT is to connect each and every physical object to the Internet Cloud. This concept is introduced by bringing IoT technology to the laboratories, making expensive laboratory equipment available on-cloud for real-time experimentation. In this paper, an on CLP (Cloud Laboratory Platform) is presented by employing the concept of IoT to the academic experimentation environment. The CLP allows a rapid deployment of an online laboratory system enabling students and researchers to perform actual experiments on the on-Cloud laboratory equipment using a web interface. A web interface for end users to access front end of the system. This interface was developed for login purposes so that any user can perform experiments from anywhere. The interface also provides options for comments and feedback. Moreover, this research contribution also facilitate users to test their designs and record observations in real-time on the equipment. For demonstration purposes, a remote lab has been developed for high-tech Xilinx FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) development boards, namely Spartan-II and Spartan-III. This project aims to provide students a new tool to enhance their learning experience and encourage them to test their theoretical knowledge in practical applications.
物联网(Internet of Things)是下一代互联网。物联网的主要目标是将每个物理对象连接到互联网云。这一概念是通过将物联网技术引入实验室，使昂贵的实验室设备可以在云端进行实时实验而引入的。本文将物联网的概念引入到学术实验环境中，提出了一个云实验室平台(Cloud Laboratory Platform)。CLP允许快速部署在线实验室系统，使学生和研究人员能够使用web界面在云上实验室设备上进行实际实验。一个web界面，供终端用户访问系统前端。这个界面是为登录目的而开发的，这样任何用户都可以在任何地方进行实验。该界面还提供了评论和反馈选项。此外，这项研究的贡献还有助于用户在设备上测试他们的设计并实时记录观察结果。为了演示目的，已经为高科技赛灵思FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)开发板开发了一个远程实验室，即Spartan-II和Spartan-III。本计划旨在为学生提供一个新的工具，以提高他们的学习经验，并鼓励他们在实际应用中检验他们的理论知识。
{"title":"Cloud Based Remote FPGA Lab Platform: An Application of Internet of Things","authors":"A. Syed, R. Asif, Saman Hina, Z. Fatima","doi":"10.22581/MUET1982.1804.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/MUET1982.1804.08","url":null,"abstract":"IoT (Internet of Things) is the next generation of the Internet. The main goal of IoT is to connect each and every physical object to the Internet Cloud. This concept is introduced by bringing IoT technology to the laboratories, making expensive laboratory equipment available on-cloud for real-time experimentation. In this paper, an on CLP (Cloud Laboratory Platform) is presented by employing the concept of IoT to the academic experimentation environment. The CLP allows a rapid deployment of an online laboratory system enabling students and researchers to perform actual experiments on the on-Cloud laboratory equipment using a web interface. A web interface for end users to access front end of the system. This interface was developed for login purposes so that any user can perform experiments from anywhere. The interface also provides options for comments and feedback. Moreover, this research contribution also facilitate users to test their designs and record observations in real-time on the equipment. For demonstration purposes, a remote lab has been developed for high-tech Xilinx FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) development boards, namely Spartan-II and Spartan-III. This project aims to provide students a new tool to enhance their learning experience and encourage them to test their theoretical knowledge in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":11240,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, October 23, 2018","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72552143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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