Pub Date : 2024-08-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S487044
Faiqa Iqbal, Zoha Haroon Khanzada, Qirat Qasim
{"title":"Metformin's Enigma: Bridging Gaps in Research on Potential Benefits & Associated Risks - A Critical Plea for Comprehensive Investigation [Letter].","authors":"Faiqa Iqbal, Zoha Haroon Khanzada, Qirat Qasim","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S487044","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S487044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11332420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S472651
Mengcao Weng, Dongdong Wang, Jia Zhong, Minyue Qian, Kai Zhang, Yue Jin
Purpose: This study aimed to establish the 95% effective dose (ED95) of esketamine in combination with propofol for hysteroscopy and then to evaluate its efficacy and safety profile.
Patients and methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial consisted of two cohorts. In cohort 1, 45 women aged 18-65 years undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to either group E (esketamine + propofol) or group A (alfentanil + propofol). Dixon's up-and-down method was used to determine the ED95 of esketamine and alfentanil. In cohort 2, 86 patients were randomized to group E and group A, with the calculated ED95 dose of the study drugs used for induction. The success rate of anesthesia using the ED95% dose, along with parameters related to anesthesia induction, recovery, and adverse events were also recorded.
Results: The ED95 of esketamine was 0.254 mg/kg (95% CI: 0.214-1.004), while that of alfentanil was 9.121 μg/kg (95% CI: 8.479-13.364). The anesthesia success rate was 93.0% in group E and 95.2% in group A (p = 0.664). After resuscitation, both groups achieved a 100% success rate. The induction time was significantly shorter in group E (60.0 [55.0-70.0] s) compared to group A (67.0 [61.0-79.3] s) (p = 0.006). Group E had lower rates of respiratory depression (p < 0.001), hypoxia (p = 0.006), minimum perioperative SpO2 (p = 0.010), and hypotension (p = 0.001). Esketamine had less effect on respiratory rate, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide compared to alfentanil (all p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative pain between the two groups.
Conclusion: This study determined the ED 95 dose of esketamine for intravenous general anesthesia during hysteroscopy. Esketamine showed less respiratory and hemodynamic depression, as well as fewer adverse effects compared to alfentanil. Esketamine is an ideal anesthetic agent compared to alfentanil for hysteroscopic anesthesia.
Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, (ChiCTR2300077283); registered November 3, 2023.
{"title":"Comparison Between Esketamine and Alfentanil for Hysteroscopy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mengcao Weng, Dongdong Wang, Jia Zhong, Minyue Qian, Kai Zhang, Yue Jin","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S472651","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S472651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to establish the 95% effective dose (ED95) of esketamine in combination with propofol for hysteroscopy and then to evaluate its efficacy and safety profile.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial consisted of two cohorts. In cohort 1, 45 women aged 18-65 years undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to either group E (esketamine + propofol) or group A (alfentanil + propofol). Dixon's up-and-down method was used to determine the ED95 of esketamine and alfentanil. In cohort 2, 86 patients were randomized to group E and group A, with the calculated ED95 dose of the study drugs used for induction. The success rate of anesthesia using the ED95% dose, along with parameters related to anesthesia induction, recovery, and adverse events were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ED95 of esketamine was 0.254 mg/kg (95% CI: 0.214-1.004), while that of alfentanil was 9.121 μg/kg (95% CI: 8.479-13.364). The anesthesia success rate was 93.0% in group E and 95.2% in group A (p = 0.664). After resuscitation, both groups achieved a 100% success rate. The induction time was significantly shorter in group E (60.0 [55.0-70.0] s) compared to group A (67.0 [61.0-79.3] s) (p = 0.006). Group E had lower rates of respiratory depression (p < 0.001), hypoxia (p = 0.006), minimum perioperative SpO<sub>2</sub> (p = 0.010), and hypotension (p = 0.001). Esketamine had less effect on respiratory rate, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide compared to alfentanil (all p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative pain between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study determined the ED 95 dose of esketamine for intravenous general anesthesia during hysteroscopy. Esketamine showed less respiratory and hemodynamic depression, as well as fewer adverse effects compared to alfentanil. Esketamine is an ideal anesthetic agent compared to alfentanil for hysteroscopic anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>www.chictr.org.cn, (ChiCTR2300077283); registered November 3, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S475706
Lin Cheng, Xi You, Xiaowen Wang, Mingjie Yu, Changsheng Jia
Objective: Hepatotoxicity is an important cause of early withdrawal of voriconazole (VCZ). The role of the plasma trough concentration of VCZ (C0) in hepatotoxicity is confusion. VCZ N-oxide is the primary metabolite of VCZ in plasma. We investigated the role of VCZ C0 and plasma trough concentration of VCZ N-oxide (CN) in hepatotoxicity in adult patients.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective study. VCZ C0 and CN were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: In total, 601 VCZ C0 and CN from 376 adult patients were included. The percentage of grade 1 or higher adverse events for ALP, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and TBIL were 35.4%, 21.0%, 30.1%, 56.2%, and 22.2%, respectively. Compared with younger adult patients, elderly patients (≥65 years) had a higher rate of grade 1 or higher adverse events of ALP. In the multivariate analysis, VCZ C0 was a risk factor for grade 1 or higher adverse events of AST in elderly patients and TBIL in younger adult patients, and VCZ CN was a risk factor for grade 1 or higher adverse events of ALT, AST, and TBIL. Results of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that when the VCZ C0 was higher than 4.0 μg/mL, or the VCZ CN was lower than 1.7 μg/mL, the incidence of grade 1 or higher adverse events of AST and TBIL increased.
Conclusion: VCZ C0 and CN were associated with liver function-related adverse events. Measurement of VCZ CN should be considered for VCZ therapeutic drug monitoring.
{"title":"The Role of Plasma Trough Concentration of Voriconazole and Voriconazole N-Oxide in Its Hepatotoxicity in Adult Patients.","authors":"Lin Cheng, Xi You, Xiaowen Wang, Mingjie Yu, Changsheng Jia","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S475706","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S475706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hepatotoxicity is an important cause of early withdrawal of voriconazole (VCZ). The role of the plasma trough concentration of VCZ (C<sub>0</sub>) in hepatotoxicity is confusion. VCZ N-oxide is the primary metabolite of VCZ in plasma. We investigated the role of VCZ C<sub>0</sub> and plasma trough concentration of VCZ N-oxide (C<sub>N</sub>) in hepatotoxicity in adult patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a prospective study. VCZ C<sub>0</sub> and C<sub>N</sub> were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 601 VCZ C<sub>0</sub> and C<sub>N</sub> from 376 adult patients were included. The percentage of grade 1 or higher adverse events for ALP, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and TBIL were 35.4%, 21.0%, 30.1%, 56.2%, and 22.2%, respectively. Compared with younger adult patients, elderly patients (≥65 years) had a higher rate of grade 1 or higher adverse events of ALP. In the multivariate analysis, VCZ C<sub>0</sub> was a risk factor for grade 1 or higher adverse events of AST in elderly patients and TBIL in younger adult patients, and VCZ C<sub>N</sub> was a risk factor for grade 1 or higher adverse events of ALT, AST, and TBIL. Results of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that when the VCZ C<sub>0</sub> was higher than 4.0 μg/mL, or the VCZ C<sub>N</sub> was lower than 1.7 μg/mL, the incidence of grade 1 or higher adverse events of AST and TBIL increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VCZ C<sub>0</sub> and C<sub>N</sub> were associated with liver function-related adverse events. Measurement of VCZ C<sub>N</sub> should be considered for VCZ therapeutic drug monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S464100
Tiara Ramadaini, Sri Adi Sumiwi, Ellin Febrina
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that has an enormous impact on people's quality of life and health. Although there is no doubt about the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents combined with lifestyle management in controlling diabetes, no individual has ever been reported to have been completely cured of the disease. Globally, many medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes in various traditional systems of medicine. A deep look in the literature has revealed that the Liliaceae family have been poorly investigated for their antidiabetic activity and phytochemical studies. In this review, we summarize medicinal plants of Liliaceae utilized in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme and phytochemical content.
Methods: The literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to find the significant published articles about Liliaceae plants utilized in the prevention and treatment of antidiabetics. Data were filtered to the publication period from 2013 to 2023, free full text and only English articles were included. The keywords were Liliaceae OR Alliaceae OR Amaryllidaceae AND Antidiabetic OR α-glucosidase.
Results: Six medicinal plants such as Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe ferox, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Eremurus himalaicus are summarized. Phytochemical and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition by in vitro, in vivo, and human studies are reported.
Conclusion: Plants of Liliaceae are potential as medicine herbs to regulating PPHG and prevent the progression of T2DM and its complication. In silico study, clinical application, and toxicity evaluation are needed to be investigated in the future.
背景:糖尿病是一种复杂的代谢性疾病,对人们的生活质量和健康有着巨大的影响。虽然口服降糖药与生活方式管理相结合对控制糖尿病的疗效毋庸置疑,但从未有报道称有人能完全治愈糖尿病。在全球各种传统医学体系中,许多药用植物都被用于控制糖尿病。深入查阅文献后发现,百合科植物在抗糖尿病活性和植物化学研究方面的研究很少。在这篇综述中,我们总结了百合科药用植物通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和植物化学成分来治疗 II 型糖尿病(T2DM)的情况:方法:使用 PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Google Scholar 等数据库进行文献检索,查找有关百合科植物用于预防和治疗抗糖尿病的重要公开发表文章。数据筛选以 2013 年至 2023 年的发表时间为限,全文免费,仅收录英文文章。关键词为百合科或万年青科或天南星科、抗糖尿病或α-葡萄糖苷酶:结果:总结了六种药用植物,如薤白、牛肝菌、薤白、铁芦荟、Aemarrhena asphodeloides 和 Eremurus himalaicus。通过体外、体内和人体研究,报告了植物化学成分和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用:结论:百合科植物是调节 PPHG 和预防 T2DM 及其并发症的潜在药材。未来还需要进行硅学研究、临床应用和毒性评估。
{"title":"The Anti-Diabetic Effects of Medicinal Plants Belonging to the Liliaceae Family: Potential Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors.","authors":"Tiara Ramadaini, Sri Adi Sumiwi, Ellin Febrina","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S464100","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S464100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that has an enormous impact on people's quality of life and health. Although there is no doubt about the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents combined with lifestyle management in controlling diabetes, no individual has ever been reported to have been completely cured of the disease. Globally, many medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes in various traditional systems of medicine. A deep look in the literature has revealed that the <i>Liliaceae</i> family have been poorly investigated for their antidiabetic activity and phytochemical studies. In this review, we summarize medicinal plants of <i>Liliaceae</i> utilized in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme and phytochemical content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to find the significant published articles about <i>Liliaceae</i> plants utilized in the prevention and treatment of antidiabetics. Data were filtered to the publication period from 2013 to 2023, free full text and only English articles were included. The keywords were <i>Liliaceae</i> OR <i>Alliaceae</i> OR <i>Amaryllidaceae</i> AND Antidiabetic OR α-glucosidase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six medicinal plants such as <i>Allium ascalonicum</i>, <i>Allium cepa</i>, <i>Allium sativum</i>, <i>Aloe ferox</i>, <i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i>, and <i>Eremurus himalaicus</i> are summarized. Phytochemical and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition by in vitro, in vivo, and human studies are reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plants of <i>Liliaceae</i> are potential as medicine herbs to regulating PPHG and prevent the progression of T2DM and its complication. In silico study, clinical application, and toxicity evaluation are needed to be investigated in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: A multidrug combination strategy is an important mean to improve the treatment of cancer and is the mainstream scheme of clinical cancer treatment. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, represented by toad skin and toad venom, have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, wide action and multiple targets and have become ideal targets in combined treatment strategies for tumors in recent years. Toad skin and toad venom are traditional Chinese animal medicines derived from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider that have shown excellent therapeutic effects on the treatment of various cancers and cancer pain as adjuvant antitumor drugs in clinical practice. The involved mechanisms include inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, reversing the multidrug resistance of tumor cells, and regulating multiple signaling pathways and targets. Moreover, a multidrug combination strategy based on a nanodelivery system can realize the precise loading of the active ingredients of toad skin or toad venom and other antitumor drugs and carry drugs to overcome physiological and pathological barriers, complete efficient enrichment in tumor tissues, and achieve targeted delivery to tumor cells and the controlled release of drugs, thus enhancing antitumor efficacy and reducing toxicity and side effects. This article reviewed the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted drugs, analgesics and other drugs; evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy or hyperthermia, traditional Chinese medicine, signaling pathway inhibitors and other therapies in cell and animal models; and summarized the codelivery strategies for the active ingredients of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, small-molecule targeted drugs, monoclonal antibodies, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic drugs to provide a basis for the rational drug use of toad skin and toad venom in the clinic and the development of novel drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Combinational Antitumor Strategies Based on the Active Ingredients of Toad Skin and Toad Venom","authors":"Huan Tian, Feng Zhao, Bao-Sen Yue, Bing-Tao Zhai","doi":"10.2147/dddt.s469832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s469832","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract:</strong> A multidrug combination strategy is an important mean to improve the treatment of cancer and is the mainstream scheme of clinical cancer treatment. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, represented by toad skin and toad venom, have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, wide action and multiple targets and have become ideal targets in combined treatment strategies for tumors in recent years. Toad skin and toad venom are traditional Chinese animal medicines derived from <em>Bufo bufo gargarizans</em> Cantor or <em>Bufo melanostictus</em> Schneider that have shown excellent therapeutic effects on the treatment of various cancers and cancer pain as adjuvant antitumor drugs in clinical practice. The involved mechanisms include inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, reversing the multidrug resistance of tumor cells, and regulating multiple signaling pathways and targets. Moreover, a multidrug combination strategy based on a nanodelivery system can realize the precise loading of the active ingredients of toad skin or toad venom and other antitumor drugs and carry drugs to overcome physiological and pathological barriers, complete efficient enrichment in tumor tissues, and achieve targeted delivery to tumor cells and the controlled release of drugs, thus enhancing antitumor efficacy and reducing toxicity and side effects. This article reviewed the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted drugs, analgesics and other drugs; evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy or hyperthermia, traditional Chinese medicine, signaling pathway inhibitors and other therapies in cell and animal models; and summarized the codelivery strategies for the active ingredients of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, small-molecule targeted drugs, monoclonal antibodies, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic drugs to provide a basis for the rational drug use of toad skin and toad venom in the clinic and the development of novel drug delivery systems.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> toad skin, toad venom, combinational antitumor strategies, codelivery strategies, cancer, cancer pain<br/>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Retraction for the article Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Nrf2 Pathway
撤销对《绿原酸通过调节氧化应激相关的 Nrf2 通路对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的保护作用》一文的评论
{"title":"Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Nrf2 Pathway [Retraction]","authors":"Dequan Liu, Huilin Wang, Yangang Zhang, Zhan Zhang","doi":"10.2147/dddt.s490477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s490477","url":null,"abstract":"Retraction for the article Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Nrf2 Pathway","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Sinomenine (SIN) is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a respected remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the therapeutic mechanism of SIN in RA remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to delve into the molecular mechanism of SIN in the treatment of RA. Methods: The potential targets of SIN were predicted using the TCMSP server, STITCH database, and SwissTarget Prediction. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA were obtained from the GEO database. Enrichment analyses and molecular docking were conducted to explore the potential mechanism of SIN in the treatment of RA. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to validate the intervention effects of SIN on rheumatoid arthritis, as determined through network pharmacology analyses. Results: A total of 39 potential targets associated with the therapeutic effects of SIN in RA were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that these potential targets are primarily enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the molecular docking suggests that SIN may act on specific proteins in the pathway. Experimental results have shown that exposure to SIN inhibits cytokine secretion, promotes apoptosis, reduces metastasis and invasion, and blocks the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Moreover, SIN treatment alleviated arthritis-related symptoms and regulated the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in the spleen of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Conclusion: By utilizing network pharmacology, molecular modeling, and in vitro/in vivo validation, this study demonstrates that SIN can alleviate RA by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of SIN in RA, offering a stronger theoretical foundation for its future clinical application.
目的:西诺明(SIN)是中医常用的治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的药物。然而,SIN 对 RA 的治疗机制仍不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨 SIN 治疗 RA 的分子机制:方法:使用 TCMSP 服务器、STITCH 数据库和 SwissTarget Prediction 预测 SIN 的潜在靶点。方法:利用 TCMSP 服务器、STITCH 数据库和 SwissTarget Prediction 预测 SIN 的潜在靶点。进行了富集分析和分子对接,以探索 SIN 治疗 RA 的潜在机制。通过网络药理学分析,进行了体外和体内研究,以验证 SIN 对类风湿性关节炎的干预效果:结果:共发现了 39 个与 SIN 对类风湿关节炎的治疗效果相关的潜在靶点。富集分析表明,这些潜在靶点主要富集在PI3K-Akt信号通路中,分子对接表明SIN可能作用于该通路中的特定蛋白。实验结果表明,暴露于SIN可抑制细胞因子分泌、促进细胞凋亡、减少转移和侵袭,并阻断PI3K-Akt信号通路在RA成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(RA-FLS)中的激活。此外,SIN治疗可减轻关节炎相关症状,并调节胶原诱导的关节炎(CIA)小鼠脾脏中CD4+ T细胞的分化:通过利用网络药理学、分子建模和体外/体内验证,本研究证明了SIN可以通过抑制PI3K-Akt信号通路来缓解RA。这些发现加深了人们对SIN在RA中治疗机制的理解,为其未来的临床应用提供了更坚实的理论基础。关键词:西诺明;类风湿性关节炎;网络药理学;PI3K-Akt 信号通路
{"title":"Sinomenine Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Suppressing the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway, as Demonstrated Through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation","authors":"Qingyang Liu, Jian Wang, Chunhui Ding, Ying Chu, Fengying Jiang, Yunxia Hu, Haifeng Li, Qiubo Wang","doi":"10.2147/dddt.s475959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s475959","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Sinomenine (SIN) is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a respected remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the therapeutic mechanism of SIN in RA remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to delve into the molecular mechanism of SIN in the treatment of RA.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> The potential targets of SIN were predicted using the TCMSP server, STITCH database, and SwissTarget Prediction. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA were obtained from the GEO database. Enrichment analyses and molecular docking were conducted to explore the potential mechanism of SIN in the treatment of RA. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to validate the intervention effects of SIN on rheumatoid arthritis, as determined through network pharmacology analyses.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 39 potential targets associated with the therapeutic effects of SIN in RA were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that these potential targets are primarily enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the molecular docking suggests that SIN may act on specific proteins in the pathway. Experimental results have shown that exposure to SIN inhibits cytokine secretion, promotes apoptosis, reduces metastasis and invasion, and blocks the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Moreover, SIN treatment alleviated arthritis-related symptoms and regulated the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in the spleen of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> By utilizing network pharmacology, molecular modeling, and in vitro/in vivo validation, this study demonstrates that SIN can alleviate RA by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of SIN in RA, offering a stronger theoretical foundation for its future clinical application. <br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> sinomenine, rheumatoid arthritis, network pharmacology, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway<br/>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S470210
Hao Zhang, Suping Li, Xingming Ma
Objective: Nanomedicine represents a transformative approach in biomedical applications. This study aims to delineate the application of nanomedicine in the biomedical field through the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to evaluate its efficacy and potential in clinical applications.
Methods: The SWOT analysis framework was employed to systematically review and assess the internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats of nanomedicine. This method provides a balanced consideration of the potential benefits and challenges.
Results: Findings from the SWOT analysis indicate that nanomedicine presents significant potential in drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering. Nonetheless, it faces substantial hurdles such as safety issues, environmental concerns, and high development costs. Critical areas for development were identified, particularly concerning its therapeutic potential and the uncertainties surrounding long-term effects.
Conclusion: Nanomedicine holds substantial promise in driving medical innovation. However, successful clinical translation requires addressing safety, cost, and regulatory challenges. Interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive strategic planning are crucial for the safe and effective application of nanomedicine.
{"title":"Transforming Healthcare with Nanomedicine: A SWOT Analysis of Drug Delivery Innovation.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Suping Li, Xingming Ma","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S470210","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S470210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nanomedicine represents a transformative approach in biomedical applications. This study aims to delineate the application of nanomedicine in the biomedical field through the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to evaluate its efficacy and potential in clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SWOT analysis framework was employed to systematically review and assess the internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats of nanomedicine. This method provides a balanced consideration of the potential benefits and challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from the SWOT analysis indicate that nanomedicine presents significant potential in drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering. Nonetheless, it faces substantial hurdles such as safety issues, environmental concerns, and high development costs. Critical areas for development were identified, particularly concerning its therapeutic potential and the uncertainties surrounding long-term effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanomedicine holds substantial promise in driving medical innovation. However, successful clinical translation requires addressing safety, cost, and regulatory challenges. Interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive strategic planning are crucial for the safe and effective application of nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11314449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Anxiety and depression can affect the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract through the brain-gut axis, causing gastrointestinal dysfunction, which is mainly manifested as indigestion, diarrhoea, constipation, or abdominal pain. Preoperative anxiety arises in children due to separation from parents, fear of unfamiliar surroundings and anaesthesia and surgical procedures.To discuss the effect of alleviating preoperative anxiety on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in children with indirect inguinal hernia after laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac.
Patients and methods: 90 children with laparoscopic high ligation of the herniated sac in oblique inguinal hernia were randomly divided into control group (Group C) and experimental group (Group M). The Group M was given midazolam oral solution 0.5mg/kg (maximum dose 20mg), and The Group C was given 5% glucose solution with the same dose.Primary outcome was the time to first postoperative defecation and I-FEED scores.The secondary outcomes included mYPAS-SF scores; child sedation scores; child-parent separation scores; parental STAI scores;PHBQ scores;FLACC scores, operative time, and fluid input and surgeon job satisfaction.
Results: Compared with Group C, there was a shorter time to first postoperative defecation (P < 0.05), and lower I-FEED scores on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.05). The mYPAS-SF scores, which were significantly different in Group M at T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), parental STAI scores at S1, child sedation scores and child-parent separation scores in T1, and surgeon job satisfaction between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in I-FEED scores on days 2 and 3, PHBQ scores, FLACC scores, operative time, and fluid input between the two groups of children (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Preoperative application of midazolam oral solution to relieve preoperative anxiety helps to promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in children with indirect inguinal hernia and increases the surgeon job satisfaction.
{"title":"Effect of Alleviating Preoperative Anxiety on Gastrointestinal Function Recovery After Laparoscopic High Ligation of the Hernia Sac in Children with Indirect Inguinal Hernia.","authors":"Xinyue Chen, Xue Zhang, Ruijia Gao, Yu Huang, Shimeng Mao, Bing Wang, Jiying Feng","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S461097","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S461097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anxiety and depression can affect the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract through the brain-gut axis, causing gastrointestinal dysfunction, which is mainly manifested as indigestion, diarrhoea, constipation, or abdominal pain. Preoperative anxiety arises in children due to separation from parents, fear of unfamiliar surroundings and anaesthesia and surgical procedures.To discuss the effect of alleviating preoperative anxiety on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in children with indirect inguinal hernia after laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>90 children with laparoscopic high ligation of the herniated sac in oblique inguinal hernia were randomly divided into control group (Group C) and experimental group (Group M). The Group M was given midazolam oral solution 0.5mg/kg (maximum dose 20mg), and The Group C was given 5% glucose solution with the same dose.Primary outcome was the time to first postoperative defecation and I-FEED scores.The secondary outcomes included mYPAS-SF scores; child sedation scores; child-parent separation scores; parental STAI scores;PHBQ scores;FLACC scores, operative time, and fluid input and surgeon job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Group C, there was a shorter time to first postoperative defecation (P < 0.05), and lower I-FEED scores on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.05). The mYPAS-SF scores, which were significantly different in Group M at T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), parental STAI scores at S1, child sedation scores and child-parent separation scores in T1, and surgeon job satisfaction between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in I-FEED scores on days 2 and 3, PHBQ scores, FLACC scores, operative time, and fluid input between the two groups of children (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative application of midazolam oral solution to relieve preoperative anxiety helps to promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in children with indirect inguinal hernia and increases the surgeon job satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11313495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S474854
Honggang Zhang, Huiling Li, Shuangjun Zhao, Fangping Bao
Remimazolam is a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine with a unique pharmacokinetic profile that makes it an attractive option for use in general anesthesia. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of remimazolam's applications in the field of general anesthesia, focusing on its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and potential advantages compared to other anesthetic agents. Remimazolam acts on GABAa receptors, offering rapid onset and recovery times due to its unique metabolic pathway involving tissue esterases. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in procedural sedation and general anesthesia, showing a favorable safety profile with minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Compared to traditional anesthetics such as propofol, remimazolam presents distinct advantages, including predictable pharmacokinetics, reduced risk of prolonged sedation, and a reliable safety margin. These attributes position remimazolam as a promising agent in various clinical settings. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current evidence on remimazolam and discuss its potential to improve clinical outcomes in anesthesia practice.
{"title":"Remimazolam in General Anesthesia: A Comprehensive Review of Its Applications and Clinical Efficacy.","authors":"Honggang Zhang, Huiling Li, Shuangjun Zhao, Fangping Bao","doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S474854","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DDDT.S474854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remimazolam is a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine with a unique pharmacokinetic profile that makes it an attractive option for use in general anesthesia. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of remimazolam's applications in the field of general anesthesia, focusing on its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and potential advantages compared to other anesthetic agents. Remimazolam acts on GABAa receptors, offering rapid onset and recovery times due to its unique metabolic pathway involving tissue esterases. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in procedural sedation and general anesthesia, showing a favorable safety profile with minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Compared to traditional anesthetics such as propofol, remimazolam presents distinct advantages, including predictable pharmacokinetics, reduced risk of prolonged sedation, and a reliable safety margin. These attributes position remimazolam as a promising agent in various clinical settings. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current evidence on remimazolam and discuss its potential to improve clinical outcomes in anesthesia practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11290,"journal":{"name":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11314436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}