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2000 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8531)最新文献

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Adding fault tolerance mechanisms to Interbus-S 为Interbus-S增加容错机制
S. Cavalieri, S. Monforte
Field bus technology is now a reality in industrial environments. There are many field bus systems commercially available, and each is suitable for particular kinds of applications. In this scenario the Interbus-S system is playing a leading role, due to the efficiency of its protocol. However, a drawback of this communication system is the centralisation of the mono-master arbitration scheme. The presence of a single device to co-ordinate communication activities makes the Interbus-S protocol vulnerable to fault occurrences in the master. Maintaining full compatibility with the existing standard, the authors have defined a protocol extension which allows the whole communication system to continue working after the occurrence of a fault in the master node.
现场总线技术在工业环境中已经成为现实。市面上有许多现场总线系统,每一种都适用于特定类型的应用。在这种情况下,由于其协议的效率,Interbus-S系统起着主导作用。然而,这种通信系统的一个缺点是单主仲裁方案的集中化。单个设备协调通信活动的存在使得Interbus-S协议容易受到主设备发生故障的影响。为了保持与现有标准的完全兼容,作者定义了一个协议扩展,允许整个通信系统在主节点发生故障后继续工作。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of a multiple networked in-vehicle embedded architecture 一种多联网车载嵌入式架构的性能评估
P. Castelpietra, Y. Song, F. Simonot-Lion, O. Cayrol
The paper deals deals with the modelling and the validation of multiple networking computer systems supporting in-vehicle embedded applications. The modelling principle is based on the development of reusable component models with clearly defined interfaces. The building of a whole application model is obtained by integration of these components. This model can therefore be simulated to verify temporal properties and to optimise the implementation. The method is developed and exploited in the context of the CAROSSE project. It is applied to a multiple networked architecture using both CAN and VAN, based on a PSA Peugeot-Citroen application. It has been extended in order to evaluate how a possible use of OSEK/VDX local scheduling with a given configuration of local tasks can influence the performance of the application.
本文研究了支持车载嵌入式应用的多联网计算机系统的建模和验证。建模原则基于具有明确定义接口的可重用组件模型的开发。通过对这些组件的集成,可以构建一个完整的应用程序模型。因此,可以模拟该模型以验证时间属性并优化实现。该方法是在CAROSSE项目的背景下开发和利用的。基于PSA Peugeot-Citroen应用程序,将其应用于使用CAN和VAN的多网络架构中。为了评估在给定的本地任务配置下可能使用OSEK/VDX本地调度如何影响应用程序的性能,对其进行了扩展。
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引用次数: 15
A comparison of LIN and TTP/A LIN与TTP/A的比较
Hermann Kopetz, Wilfried Elmenreich, C. Mack
The paper compares two novel field-bus protocols for low-cost single-chip smart sensor and actuator nodes, LIN and TTP/A. Both protocols are central-master UART protocols, where the master with its precise oscillator establishes the stable time-base required by the slaves to synchronize their imprecise on-chip oscillators. While LIN provides the basic services needed for real-time communication, the TTP/A standard additionally specifies an interface-file system to perform on-line configuration, diagnostics and maintenance of smart sensor nodes. With TTP/A it is thus possible to produce preprogrammed simple transducer nodes or generic smart transducer nodes that can be configured dynamically to the given application requirements.
本文比较了用于低成本单芯片智能传感器和执行器节点的两种新型现场总线协议:LIN和TTP/A。这两种协议都是中央-主UART协议,其中主协议及其精确振荡器建立了稳定的时基,从协议需要同步其不精确的片上振荡器。在LIN提供实时通信所需的基本服务的同时,TTP/A标准还指定了一个接口文件系统来执行智能传感器节点的在线配置、诊断和维护。使用TTP/A,因此可以生产预编程的简单传感器节点或通用智能传感器节点,可以根据给定的应用要求动态配置。
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引用次数: 27
Prototyping QoS based architecture for power plant control applications 基于QoS的电厂控制应用体系结构原型
C. Lizzi, L. Bacon, E. Becquet, E. Gressier-Soudan
The goal of the project is to gain experience on QoS (quality of service) based distributed system for EDF's power control applications. EDF is the French power utility. QoS is related to time constraints in this case. We adopted a distributed system approach to build our execution platform. The first prototype uses a modified ChorusOS micro-kernel with a real-time inter-process communication facility based on an ATM network and supports a specific real-time Java Virtual Machine. Our second proposal attempts to build an equivalent architecture using off-the-shelf products. Reality constraints lead to a CoS (classification of service) based design. We show that there is no available off-the-shelf QoS or CoS based technology for real-time object oriented distributed applications.
本项目旨在为法国电力公司电力控制应用中基于服务质量的分布式系统积累经验。EDF是法国电力公司。在这种情况下,QoS与时间约束有关。我们采用分布式系统方法来构建我们的执行平台。第一个原型使用改进的ChorusOS微内核,该内核具有基于ATM网络的实时进程间通信功能,并支持特定的实时Java虚拟机。我们的第二个建议尝试使用现成的产品构建一个等效的体系结构。现实约束导致基于CoS(服务分类)的设计。我们表明,对于实时面向对象的分布式应用程序,没有可用的现成的QoS或基于CoS的技术。
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引用次数: 3
Heuristic techniques for allocating and scheduling communicating periodic tasks in distributed real-time systems 分布式实时系统中通信周期任务分配和调度的启发式技术
S. Faucou, A. Déplanche, J.-P. Beauvais
This paper deals with the problem of pre-runtime allocating and scheduling communicating periodic tasks in a distributed real-time system. The task system is modeled with independent periodic macro-tasks. The physical architecture consists of a network of identical monoprocessor sites, fully connected by a bus. Two medium access control protocols are considered : CSMA/CA and TDMA. Our objective is to find an allocation of tasks to sites and a subsequent schedule for them such that the periodicity and precedence constraints are satisfied. Besides dealing with these constraints (which is often the sole concern of many studies), the effective communication delays due to the message scheduling and the bus access control protocol are taken into account when the task schedule is being built. Two algorithms for solving this problem are presented: a clustering algorithm and a genetic algorithm.
研究了分布式实时系统中通信周期任务在运行前的分配和调度问题。任务系统采用独立的周期性宏任务建模。物理架构由相同的单处理器站点组成,通过总线完全连接。考虑了两种介质访问控制协议:CSMA/CA和TDMA。我们的目标是找到一个任务分配到站点,并为它们找到一个后续的时间表,以满足周期性和优先性约束。除了处理这些约束(这通常是许多研究的唯一关注点)之外,在构建任务调度时还要考虑由于消息调度和总线访问控制协议引起的有效通信延迟。本文提出了两种解决该问题的算法:聚类算法和遗传算法。
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引用次数: 19
Evolution potentials for fieldbus systems 现场总线系统的发展潜力
D. Dietrich, T. Sauter
Although fieldbus systems are meanwhile an established concept, there is still room for future developments. Furthermore, fieldbusses are more and more to be seen in a wider context of complex systems. In this paper, we briefy review the histoly of fieldbusses to highlight the major infuences on their evolution. Essential driving forces for the future are identifed in the areas of building automation, internetworking, and microelectronics. With the availability of smarter nodes, the complexity of fieldbus installations will inevitably increase, which in turn will raise new problems. The main d$$culties will be the development of appropriate tools to support the management of networks with several hundred thousand nodes. Security of network interconnections is another upcoming problem, and the growing system complexity also requires new concepts for distributed applications, such as agent-based or holonic systems. Finally, we compare fieldbusses to biological systems to derive directions for further evolution.
虽然现场总线系统是一个既定的概念,但仍有未来发展的空间。此外,现场总线越来越多地出现在复杂系统的更广泛的背景下。在本文中,我们简要回顾了现场总线的历史,以突出其演变的主要影响。在楼宇自动化、互联网络和微电子领域确定了未来的基本驱动力。随着智能节点的出现,现场总线安装的复杂性将不可避免地增加,这反过来又会带来新的问题。主要的任务将是开发适当的工具来支持管理拥有几十万个节点的网络。网络互连的安全性是另一个即将出现的问题,并且不断增长的系统复杂性也需要分布式应用程序的新概念,例如基于代理或全息系统。最后,我们将现场总线与生物系统进行比较,以得出进一步发展的方向。
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引用次数: 37
Adaptative timed tests for temporal interoperability verification 用于临时互操作性验证的自适应定时测试
L. Kaiser, F. Simonot-Lion
The article deals with the temporal interoperability of components in a real time application and presents a method to verify it. The temporal interoperability expresses the capability of a component to cooperate and exchange information with its environment while respecting specified timing properties (Y. Benkhellat and J.-P. Thomesse, 1995). The principal aim of the paper is to propose a construction method of an adaptative tester. The tester generation process is based on the TIOSM formalism (O. Kone and R. Castanet, 1995). The logical behaviour of this tester is statically defined (sequence of events, identification of the different clocks). The evaluation of the transition firing times is done online by the tester itself during the test process. For this, a set of linear inequalities is generated and attached to each state of the tester and a solver is integrated to it.
本文讨论了实时应用中组件的时间互操作性,并给出了一种验证方法。时间互操作性表达了组件在尊重指定的定时属性的情况下与其环境进行合作和交换信息的能力。Thomesse, 1995)。本文的主要目的是提出一种自适应测试仪的构造方法。测试人员生成过程是基于TIOSM形式化的(O. Kone和R. Castanet, 1995)。该测试器的逻辑行为是静态定义的(事件序列、不同时钟的标识)。在测试过程中,转换发射时间的评估由测试人员自己在线完成。为此,生成一组线性不等式,并附加到测试器的每个状态,并将求解器集成到它。
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引用次数: 2
Fieldbus networks: real-time from the perspective of the application tasks 现场总线网络:实时从应用任务的角度出发
A. Mendes, L. Ferreira, E. Tovar
Fieldbus communication networks aim to interconnect sensors, actuators and controllers within distributed computer-controlled systems. Therefore they constitute the foundation upon which real-time applications are to be implemented. A potential leap towards the use of fieldbus in such time-critical applications lies in the evaluation of its temporal behaviour. In the past few years several research works have been performed on a number of fieldbuses. However, these have mostly focused on the message passing mechanisms, without taking into account the communicating application tasks running in those distributed systems. The main contribution of this paper is to provide an approach for engineering real-time fieldbus systems where the schedulability analysis of the distributed system integrates both the characteristics of the application tasks and the characteristics of the message transactions performed by these tasks. In particular, we address the case of system where the Process-Pascal multitasking language is used to develop P-NET based distributed applications.
现场总线通信网络旨在连接分布式计算机控制系统中的传感器、执行器和控制器。因此,它们构成了实现实时应用程序的基础。在这种时间紧迫的应用中使用现场总线的一个潜在飞跃在于对其时间行为的评价。在过去的几年中,在一些现场总线上进行了一些研究工作。然而,这些主要集中在消息传递机制上,而没有考虑在这些分布式系统中运行的通信应用程序任务。本文的主要贡献是为工程实时现场总线系统提供了一种方法,其中分布式系统的可调度性分析集成了应用程序任务的特征和这些任务执行的消息事务的特征。特别地,我们讨论了使用Process-Pascal多任务语言开发基于P-NET的分布式应用程序的系统情况。
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引用次数: 1
The Java CAN API-a Java gateway to field bus communication Java CAN api——现场总线通信的Java网关
D. Buhler, G. Nusser
Object oriented problem analysis and software design is becoming more common in the field of industrial control. We present the Java CAN API which provides a convenient, object oriented programming framework for rapid CAN field bus tool development. It provides a hierarchy of classes and interfaces to access arbitrary CAN/CANopen devices via the Java Native Interface. In order to access Windows-based CAN drivers a native dynamic link library has been developed featuring high performance message filtering and asynchronous message notification. The created Java class hierarchy encapsulates the CANopen layer 7 communication objects as well as generic CAN layer 2 messages. Further classes provide access to the CANopen network management services. The paper also briefly presents some practical uses of the Java CAN APl for teleservice, distance education and CAN system management.
面向对象的问题分析和软件设计在工业控制领域越来越普遍。我们提出了Java CAN API,它为快速开发CAN现场总线工具提供了一个方便的、面向对象的编程框架。它提供了通过Java本机接口访问任意CAN/CANopen设备的类和接口的层次结构。为了访问基于windows的CAN驱动程序,开发了一个具有高性能消息过滤和异步消息通知功能的本地动态链接库。创建的Java类层次结构封装了CANopen第7层通信对象以及通用的CAN第2层消息。进一步的类提供对CANopen网络管理服务的访问。本文还简要介绍了Java CAN应用程序在远程服务、远程教育和CAN系统管理方面的一些实际应用。
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引用次数: 7
Introduction to DeviceNet safety DeviceNet安全概述
V. Schiffer, K.W. Vandesteeg, D. Vasko, J.A. Lenner
The Open DeviceNet Vendors Association (ODYA) is introducing an expansion to the DeviceNet specification that allows the integration of safety measures into all DeviceNet systems. DeviceNet Safety is designed to meet the requirements of machinery shut down and process sector availability/shut down applications. DeviceNet Safety addresses ISO 13849-1, IEC 61508 SIL 3, DIN 19250 AK6 and EM 954-1 Categoiy 4 applications. It is a higher level protocol that allows safety devices to co-exist with standard devices on the same network. DeviceNet Safety allows for multiple independent safety chains on the same network or controller as well as multiple safety controllers on the same network. DeviceNet Safety uses the safety processes and coding as recommended by BIA, the German certification body for safety data transmission on a standard network.
开放DeviceNet供应商协会(ODYA)正在对DeviceNet规范进行扩展,该规范允许将安全措施集成到所有DeviceNet系统中。DeviceNet Safety旨在满足机械停机和过程部门可用性/停机应用的要求。DeviceNet安全地址ISO 13849-1, IEC 61508 SIL 3, DIN 19250 AK6和EM 954-1 4类应用。它是一种更高级的协议,允许安全设备与标准设备在同一网络上共存。DeviceNet Safety允许在同一网络或控制器上使用多个独立的安全链,以及在同一网络上使用多个安全控制器。DeviceNet Safety使用BIA推荐的安全流程和编码,BIA是德国认证机构,用于标准网络上的安全数据传输。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2000 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8531)
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