Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201904
A. Mishra
The study on occupational accidents in cement industry of Nepal provides an overview of the accidents and their causes in this sector. The purpose of this study was to find out nature of accidents happening in the cement industry, their causes and recommend appropriate approaches to prevent the accidents. For this study, 10 cement industries were visited to collect the data of accident that occurred in last three fiscal years. Among the 10 visited cement industries, three were limestone-based industries and seven were clinker based industries. It was found that in the last three fiscal years, almost all accidents were minor accidents while only few were major and no fatal accidents. The data showed that the number of accidents is decreasing each year, however the decrease number is not significantly different. The surface causes of accidents in the industry were due to worker’s taking shortcut, being over confident in themselves, poor/lack of housekeeping, starting task without getting necessary information, neglecting safety procedures, being mentally distracted, lack of preparation for work, mishandling of machinery, manual material handling, lack of proper and suitable PPE and occupational stress. Beside these, the root cause of the accidents in cement industries is lack of integration of safety plan, policy and safety culture into each activities of the industry. How to cite this article: Sah DP, Chaudhary S, Shakya R et al. Occupational Accidents in Cement Industries of Nepal. J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2019; 6(3&4): 22-28.
{"title":"Occupational Accidents in Cement Industries of Nepal","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201904","url":null,"abstract":"The study on occupational accidents in cement industry of Nepal provides an overview of the accidents and their causes in this sector. The purpose of this study was to find out nature of accidents happening in the cement industry, their causes and recommend appropriate approaches to prevent the accidents. For this study, 10 cement industries were visited to collect the data of accident that occurred in last three fiscal years. Among the 10 visited cement industries, three were limestone-based industries and seven were clinker based industries. It was found that in the last three fiscal years, almost all accidents were minor accidents while only few were major and no fatal accidents. The data showed that the number of accidents is decreasing each year, however the decrease number is not significantly different. The surface causes of accidents in the industry were due to worker’s taking shortcut, being over confident in themselves, poor/lack of housekeeping, starting task without getting necessary information, neglecting safety procedures, being mentally distracted, lack of preparation for work, mishandling of machinery, manual material handling, lack of proper and suitable PPE and occupational stress. Beside these, the root cause of the accidents in cement industries is lack of integration of safety plan, policy and safety culture into each activities of the industry. \u0000How to cite this article: Sah DP, Chaudhary S, Shakya R et al. Occupational Accidents in Cement Industries of Nepal. J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2019; 6(3&4): 22-28.","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201905
Anubhav Taheem
A solar tracker is a traditional term used to describe devices that coordinate or align different payloads with the sun. The aim of the automatic sun tracking system is to retain the photovoltaic solar panel perpendicular to the sun throughout the year to make it more efficient. A solar power transforms sunlight into electricity. This automated sun tracking system helps generate power by automatically tuning the device for optimum sunlight. Through reducing light intensity, this system will automatically change its direction to reach maximum amount of light. Light intensity is the big problem with solar power generation. To produce the maximum energy, a solar panel must be upright and face-to-face with the light source. Because the sun moves all through the day as well as throughout the year, in order to produce as much energy as possible, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun’s movement. The approach is to use a light source tracking system to preserve the panel’s orthogonal location. Several tracking systems models exist, including passive and active systems with one or two freedom axes. Solar trackers are used with different sensors to dramatically increase the electrical power of the photovoltaic panel. Photovoltaic systems are rapidly becoming a fresh source of energy by capturing the solar radiation. Optimizing its power output is desirable in order to increase its efficiency. The panels must be aligned with the sun in order to optimize the power output of solar panels. It has been estimated that energy derived from solar panels can be expanded by 20 to 30% by using a tracking system instead of a stationary array. Over time, different approaches have been developed. Astronomical or time-based systems are the most popular, and then optical approaches are used to align the PV components with different image sensor types. How to cite this article: Taheem A, Sachdeva A, Sharma VS. Solar Tracker: A Review. J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2019; 6(3&4): 34-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201904
太阳跟踪器是一个传统术语，用于描述使不同的有效载荷与太阳协调或对齐的设备。自动太阳跟踪系统的目的是保持光伏太阳能电池板全年垂直于太阳，使其更有效。太阳能把太阳光转化为电能。这种自动太阳跟踪系统通过自动调整设备以获得最佳阳光来帮助发电。通过降低光强，该系统将自动改变其方向，以达到最大的光量。光强度是太阳能发电的大问题。为了产生最大的能量，太阳能电池板必须直立并与光源面对面。因为太阳全天和全年都在运动，为了产生尽可能多的能量，太阳能电池板必须能够跟随太阳的运动。该方法是使用光源跟踪系统来保持面板的正交位置。存在几种跟踪系统模型，包括具有一个或两个自由轴的被动跟踪系统和主动跟踪系统。太阳能跟踪器与不同的传感器一起使用，以显着增加光伏板的电力。光伏系统通过捕捉太阳辐射，正迅速成为一种新的能源。为了提高其效率，优化其功率输出是可取的。为了优化太阳能电池板的输出功率，电池板必须与太阳对齐。据估计，通过使用跟踪系统代替固定阵列，太阳能电池板产生的能量可以扩大20%到30%。随着时间的推移，人们开发了不同的方法。天文或基于时间的系统是最受欢迎的，然后使用光学方法将PV组件与不同的图像传感器类型对齐。如何引用本文:Taheem A, Sachdeva A, Sharma VS. Solar Tracker:综述。能源与环境学报(英文版);6(3和4):34-50。DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201904
{"title":"Solar Tracker: A Review","authors":"Anubhav Taheem","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201905","url":null,"abstract":"A solar tracker is a traditional term used to describe devices that coordinate or align different payloads with the sun. The aim of the automatic sun tracking system is to retain the photovoltaic solar panel perpendicular to the sun throughout the year to make it more efficient. A solar power transforms sunlight into electricity. This automated sun tracking system helps generate power by automatically tuning the device for optimum sunlight. Through reducing light intensity, this system will automatically change its direction to reach maximum amount of light. Light intensity is the big problem with solar power generation. To produce the maximum energy, a solar panel must be upright and face-to-face with the light source. Because the sun moves all through the day as well as throughout the year, in order to produce as much energy as possible, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun’s movement. The approach is to use a light source tracking system to preserve the panel’s orthogonal location. Several tracking systems models exist, including passive and active systems with one or two freedom axes. Solar trackers are used with different sensors to dramatically increase the electrical power of the photovoltaic panel. Photovoltaic systems are rapidly becoming a fresh source of energy by capturing the solar radiation. Optimizing its power output is desirable in order to increase its efficiency. The panels must be aligned with the sun in order to optimize the power output of solar panels. It has been estimated that energy derived from solar panels can be expanded by 20 to 30% by using a tracking system instead of a stationary array. Over time, different approaches have been developed. Astronomical or time-based systems are the most popular, and then optical approaches are used to align the PV components with different image sensor types. \u0000How to cite this article: Taheem A, Sachdeva A, Sharma VS. Solar Tracker: A Review. J Adv Res Alt Energ Env Eco 2019; 6(3&4): 34-50. \u0000DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201904","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123928142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-23DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201901
Anubhav Taheem
{"title":"Optimization of Sun Tracking Data Handling to Improve Efficiency of PV Module","authors":"Anubhav Taheem","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115852014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201805
N. Gupta
{"title":"Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Black Carbon Aerosols over Delhi and their Interrelationship with PM2.5 and Meteorological Parameters","authors":"N. Gupta","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121684401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201803
B. Srimuruganandam
Background: Air pollution has become a significant concern in both urban and rural sectors due to its catastrophic effect on human health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM) is crucial among criteria pollutants and is well correlated with human mortality and morbidity. Based on aerodynamic size, PM is classified into coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5 and PM1). A recent study by World Health Organization showed that PM has caused 7 million premature deaths globally. Also, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identified PM as carcinogenic as it is directly related to lung cancer. Human airway is the primary pathway for PM to enter the human body. Hence the study on coarse and fine PM deposition in the human respiratory tract is essential for health risk assessments. Materials and Methods: Hourly measurements of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are measured during a winter using Grimm aerosol spectrometer near an arterial roadside in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu, India. PM deposition in the human airway is investigated using the Multiple-Path Particle Deposition Model (MPPD) version 3.04. In MPPD model, the stochastic structure which depicts the real human lung is considered. The deposition in MPPD model is assessed for three size fractions, i.e. PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 under different breathing scenarios viz. nasal, oral, and oronasal. Results: Highest total deposited mass rate obtained from the MPPD model for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 are 942 ng min-1, 345 ng min-1, and 104 ng min-1, respectively. The maximum deposited mass rate is also assessed in the head (PM10 = 904 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 244 ng min-1; PM1 = 57 ng min-1), tracheobronchial (PM10 = 284 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 60 ng min-1; PM1 = 24 ng min-1) and pulmonary (PM10 = 32 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 89 ng min-1; PM1 = 27 ng min-1) regions. In the head region, maximum deposition is caused by nasal breathing; whereas, tracheobronchial (TB) and pulmonary regions, the oral breathing leads to higher deposition. Results also showed that for all PM sizes the lobe wise depositions are in the following order: right upper > left lower > left upper > right middle > right lower. Further, the airway clearance results indicated that PM removal is faster in the TB region than the alveolar region. Conclusion: PM10 has a higher deposition in the head region whereas PM2.5 and PM1 deposition is higher in the TB and pulmonary regions. This indicates that PM deposition inside lungs is influenced by its size and several other deposition mechanisms viz. inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion and interception. Further, this study results can be utilized for assessing health risks such as oxidative potential and toxicity of deposited PM.
背景:空气污染由于对人类健康和环境造成灾难性影响，已成为城市和农村部门的一个重大关切。颗粒物(PM)是标准污染物中至关重要的污染物，与人类死亡率和发病率密切相关。根据空气动力学尺寸，可将颗粒物分为粗颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5和PM1)。世界卫生组织最近的一项研究表明，PM已在全球造成700万人过早死亡。此外，国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将PM确定为致癌物质，因为它与肺癌有直接关系。呼吸道是PM进入人体的主要途径。因此，研究人体呼吸道中粗颗粒物和细颗粒物的沉积对健康风险评估具有重要意义。材料和方法:冬季，在印度泰米尔纳德邦金奈市的一条主干道路边，利用格林气溶胶光谱仪每小时测量PM10、PM2.5和PM1。使用多路径颗粒沉积模型(MPPD) 3.04版本研究了人体气道中的PM沉积。在MPPD模型中，考虑了真实人体肺的随机结构。在MPPD模型中，对不同呼吸情景(鼻腔、口腔和口鼻)下PM10、PM2.5和PM1三个粒径组分的沉积进行了评估。结果:PM10、PM2.5和PM1的MPPD模型得到的最高总沉积质量率分别为942 ng min-1、345 ng min-1和104 ng min-1。在头部也评估了最大沉积质量率(PM10 = 904 ng min-1;PM2.5 = 244 ng min-1;PM1 = 57 ng min-1)，气管支气管(PM10 = 284 ng min-1;PM2.5 = 60 ng min-1;PM1 = 24 ng min-1)和肺(PM10 = 32 ng min-1;PM2.5 = 89 ng min-1;PM1 = 27 ng min-1)区域。在头部区域，最大的沉积是由鼻腔呼吸引起的;而在气管支气管(TB)和肺部，口腔呼吸导致更高的沉积。结果还表明，对于所有PM尺寸，叶状方向的沉积顺序为:右上>左下>左上>右中>右下。此外，气道清除结果表明，PM在TB区域的清除速度比肺泡区域快。结论:PM10在头部区域有较高的沉积，而PM2.5和PM1在结核区和肺区有较高的沉积。这表明PM在肺内的沉积受其大小和其他几种沉积机制(惯性撞击、沉积、扩散和拦截)的影响。此外，本研究结果可用于评估沉积PM的氧化电位和毒性等健康风险。
{"title":"Quantification of Size Segregated Particulate Matter Deposition in Human Airways","authors":"B. Srimuruganandam","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201803","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Air pollution has become a significant concern in both urban and rural sectors due to its catastrophic effect on human health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM) is crucial among criteria pollutants and is well correlated with human mortality and morbidity. Based on aerodynamic size, PM is classified into coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5 and PM1). A recent study by World Health Organization showed that PM has caused 7 million premature deaths globally. Also, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identified PM as carcinogenic as it is directly related to lung cancer. Human airway is the primary pathway for PM to enter the human body. Hence the study on coarse and fine PM deposition in the human respiratory tract is essential for health risk assessments. Materials and Methods: Hourly measurements of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are measured during a winter using Grimm aerosol spectrometer near an arterial roadside in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu, India. PM deposition in the human airway is investigated using the Multiple-Path Particle Deposition Model (MPPD) version 3.04. In MPPD model, the stochastic structure which depicts the real human lung is considered. The deposition in MPPD model is assessed for three size fractions, i.e. PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 under different breathing scenarios viz. nasal, oral, and oronasal. Results: Highest total deposited mass rate obtained from the MPPD model for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 are 942 ng min-1, 345 ng min-1, and 104 ng min-1, respectively. The maximum deposited mass rate is also assessed in the head (PM10 = 904 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 244 ng min-1; PM1 = 57 ng min-1), tracheobronchial (PM10 = 284 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 60 ng min-1; PM1 = 24 ng min-1) and pulmonary (PM10 = 32 ng min-1; PM2.5 = 89 ng min-1; PM1 = 27 ng min-1) regions. In the head region, maximum deposition is caused by nasal breathing; whereas, tracheobronchial (TB) and pulmonary regions, the oral breathing leads to higher deposition. Results also showed that for all PM sizes the lobe wise depositions are in the following order: right upper > left lower > left upper > right middle > right lower. Further, the airway clearance results indicated that PM removal is faster in the TB region than the alveolar region. Conclusion: PM10 has a higher deposition in the head region whereas PM2.5 and PM1 deposition is higher in the TB and pulmonary regions. This indicates that PM deposition inside lungs is influenced by its size and several other deposition mechanisms viz. inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion and interception. Further, this study results can be utilized for assessing health risks such as oxidative potential and toxicity of deposited PM.","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201801
Geeta Singh
{"title":"Analysis of Filtration Efficiency of Activated Carbon Coated Sand Beds","authors":"Geeta Singh","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114304439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201806
Paragi Neema
The emission of greenhouse gases, predominantly, carbon dioxide, due to burning, decomposition and various other ways to dispose of agricultural crop residues or biomass waste has led to an increased persistence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Biochar is biologically active charcoal which is created by biomass feedstock pyrolysis in an oxygen deprived condition. Feedstock such as manure generated by poultry and livestock operations, agricultural waste and biodegradable solid waste can be used for the production of biochar. Biochar can be used as a soil amendment for poor soils, carrier for plant nutrients, water filtering medium, insulation in the building industry and as carbon sinks due to its porosity, stability and high surface area. The pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen yields an array of solid (biochar - dominant product during slow pyrolysis), liquid (bio-oil) and gaseous (syngas) products. As the key element in a new carbon-negative strategy, biochar can mitigate climate change by carbon sequestration and facilitate the development of a sustainable society by resolving critical challenges of food and energy security, etc. This review emphasizes on biochar utility as an approach to carbon capture and sequestration and hence the need to develop a carbon negative industry by minimizing atmospheric carbon.
{"title":"A Review of Biochar Based Technologies in Carbon Capture and Sequestration","authors":"Paragi Neema","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201806","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of greenhouse gases, predominantly, carbon dioxide, due to burning, decomposition and various other ways to dispose of agricultural crop residues or biomass waste has led to an increased persistence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Biochar is biologically active charcoal which is created by biomass feedstock pyrolysis in an oxygen deprived condition. Feedstock such as manure generated by poultry and livestock operations, agricultural waste and biodegradable solid waste can be used for the production of biochar. Biochar can be used as a soil amendment for poor soils, carrier for plant nutrients, water filtering medium, insulation in the building industry and as carbon sinks due to its porosity, stability and high surface area. The pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen yields an array of solid (biochar - dominant product during slow pyrolysis), liquid (bio-oil) and gaseous (syngas) products. As the key element in a new carbon-negative strategy, biochar can mitigate climate change by carbon sequestration and facilitate the development of a sustainable society by resolving critical challenges of food and energy security, etc. This review emphasizes on biochar utility as an approach to carbon capture and sequestration and hence the need to develop a carbon negative industry by minimizing atmospheric carbon.","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201802
V. Mahajan
In past, climatic parameters have seen to undergo changes, especially temperature and rainfall. The global temperature has increased significantly which has directly or indirectly affected economically important crops as well as humans. There has been an overall decrease in rainfall and increased fluctuation in temperature in various parts of the country. Pollutants cause severe injury to economically important plants and have caused biotic and abiotic stresses especially in all crops. Burning of crop residues surrounding especially around metro cities is a major concern. Fast growing peri-urban agriculture and industrialization has been associated with pollution threaten urban food production and its quality. The harvest of crop residues using latest farm machinery that converts them into bales which can be efficiently transported to storage or far-off markets. Sewage water and industrial wastes has been a major concern in peri-urban agriculture and animal husbandry. A multi-prong approach needs to be followed in crops. Development of new climate resilient cultivars/crops beneficial to humans and use of environment friendly technology may help in combating pollution and climate change.
{"title":"Pollution, Climate change and Strategies to Increase Maize Production - An Overview","authors":"V. Mahajan","doi":"10.24321/2455.3093.201802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201802","url":null,"abstract":"In past, climatic parameters have seen to undergo changes, especially temperature and rainfall. The global temperature has increased significantly which has directly or indirectly affected economically important crops as well as humans. There has been an overall decrease in rainfall and increased fluctuation in temperature in various parts of the country. Pollutants cause severe injury to economically important plants and have caused biotic and abiotic stresses especially in all crops. Burning of crop residues surrounding especially around metro cities is a major concern. Fast growing peri-urban agriculture and industrialization has been associated with pollution threaten urban food production and its quality. The harvest of crop residues using latest farm machinery that converts them into bales which can be efficiently transported to storage or far-off markets. Sewage water and industrial wastes has been a major concern in peri-urban agriculture and animal husbandry. A multi-prong approach needs to be followed in crops. Development of new climate resilient cultivars/crops beneficial to humans and use of environment friendly technology may help in combating pollution and climate change.","PeriodicalId":114916,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132262314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.24321/2455.3093.201804
D. Bachani
Introduction: The Government of India initiated the Smart City Mission in 2015 with the aim of comprehensive urban development for 100 cities. Swachh Bharat Mission was also launched nationwide in 2014 with the goal of advancing universal sanitation coverage. Indore was selected as a Smart City; it was also declared the cleanest city in India in 2017 and in 2018 under Swachh Bharat. Indore is also participating in the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) - funded Building Healthy Cities Project, with the objective of improving the health of the city environment. As part of that objective, a closer examination of air pollution levels was conducted. Methodology: Annual average concentrations for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) from three air pollution measuring stations located in Indore’s Polo Ground (industrial), Kothari Market (commercial), and Kanodia Road, Vijay Nagar (residential) were analysed for trends during the last five years (2013-2017). For 2017, month-wise data were analysed for seasonal variations. Results: The annual average concentration of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides did not change during the preceding five years. A declining trend was observed at all sites in concentration of PM10 from a range of 118-187 μg/m3 in 2013 to 77-81 μg/m3 in 2017. The PM2.5 concentration was measured only since 2016; 2017 levels were less when compared to the preceding year. Lower values were observed during the rainy season (July to September) for all pollutants. It was observed that, during the period, declining trend for PM10, various interventions were initiated in Indore, including night mechanical sweeping of city roads, free left loop roads to reduce traffic congestion, and an efficient systematic collection and disposal of solid waste. Conclusion: Declining trends of air pollution in particulate matter in Indore is evident, possibly due to various measures taken by the Municipal Corporation and Indore Smart City Mission. Further analysis is needed to understand how these trends can be sustained and how they may impact the respiratory health of Indore citizens.
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