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Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico ante el covid-19 en microempresas familiares poblanas 面对covid-19,人口微型家庭企业的体面工作和经济增长
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i18.66
María Antonieta Monserrat Vera Muñoz, José Gerardo Serafín Vera Muñoz, Rafaela Martínez Méndez, Gabriel Márquez Jiménez
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS), están lógicamente entrelazados buscando en mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas en toda la extensión que esto conlleva, en particular el objetivo 8 que versa sobre el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico se ha complicado el poder cumplirlo y mucho ha contribuido a ello la pandemia por COVID-19 que llegó a México en febrero de 2020 y hasta el 2022 sigue presente. El logro del referido objetivo se refleja por el comportamiento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y en la tasa de desocupación; en alusión a estos últimos 2 puntos las microempresas familiares tienen una importante presencia en la economía mexicana y por ende en la contribución al PIB y a las fuentes de empleo. Por lo que el objetivo general del trabajo es: identificar la existencia de la contribución de las microempresas familiares al objetivo 8 trabajo decente y crecimiento económico y qué afectaciones han tenido por la pandemia COVID-19. Metodológicamente se aborda cualitativamente, para analizar el contenido del referido objetivo 8, considerando sus 2 importantes elementos el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico. Los resultados se presentan prioritariamente de forma cualitativa con un apoyo cuantitativo; la muestra está integrada a conveniencia por 90 microempresas familiares poblanas, en las que se aplicó un cuestionario de 28 preguntas; en los periodos de julio 2020 a junio 2021 y una ampliación de la aplicación del instrumento de abril a junio 2022. Los resultados muestran la contribución de las microempresas familiares al crecimiento económico y al trabajo decente. Como hallazgo se identificó la permanencia de su contribución con el objetivo 8 a pesar de la pandemia. Teniendo como limitación el haber trabajado únicamente a una muestra de microempresas familiares poblanas.
可持续发展目标(ODS)从逻辑上来说,他们相互寻找改善人民的生活质量在这带来的所有扩展,特别是目标8,阐述体面工作和经济增长已经打乱了权力实现目标并有助于它COVID-19大流行得多2020年2月抵达墨西哥直到2022年仍然存在。这一目标的实现反映在国内生产总值(gdp)的行为和失业率上;最后两点是微型家庭企业在墨西哥经济中占有重要地位,因此对国内生产总值的贡献和就业来源。因此,这项工作的总体目标是:确定微型家庭企业对目标8体面工作和经济增长的贡献,以及它们受到COVID-19大流行的影响。本研究的目的是分析拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会(拉加德)和美洲开发银行(idb)在拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会(拉加德)和美洲开发银行(拉加德)在拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会(拉加德)的工作。结果主要以定性的方式呈现,并辅以定量的支持;本研究的目的是确定墨西哥普埃布拉州的家庭微型企业的主要特征,并确定它们的主要特征。2020年7月至2021年6月期间,并将文书的适用范围从2022年4月延长至2022年6月。本研究的目的是评估家庭微型企业对经济增长和体面工作的贡献。结果表明,尽管发生了大流行,但他们对目标8的贡献仍然存在。本研究的目的是确定在墨西哥普恩特拉斯的微型家庭企业中使用的方法,以及在墨西哥普恩特拉斯的微型家庭企业中使用的方法。
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引用次数: 0
La gestión municipal, su importancia en la rendición de cuentas 市政管理,它在问责制中的重要性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i17.56
Rosa María Solís Salazar, Guadalupe Inés Solís Salazar, Amanda Nieves Alcalá Osorio, Victor Hugo Aguilar Hernández
In order to achieve adequate accountability, Municipal Management must recognize Administrative Science, which provides an orderly and synchronous approach to a series of activities aimed at strengthening its performance, through administrative tools, such as planning, organization, management and control activities. This strengthens the set of actions to be carried out by municipal administrations in order to meet the objectives set out in the work plans and programmers. Using the theoretical method in this research whose purpose is the scientific production based on the collection of documentary information that allows us to analyze the concept of municipal management and its application in the administrative processes of municipal entities in our country, this study led us to know the means of control that municipal administrations must observe, verifying organizational structure and job profiles. The results found show that although there are means of control, profiles with minimum requirements have not been established to ensure adequate management for the accountability of the public body. It is therefore important to analyze the duties and powers of the managers involved in management and accountability.
为了实现充分的责任制,市政管理必须认识到行政科学,它通过诸如规划、组织、管理和控制活动等行政工具,为一系列旨在加强其绩效的活动提供了有序和同步的办法。这加强了市政当局为实现工作计划和方案中规定的目标而采取的一整套行动。本研究的目的是在文献资料收集的基础上进行科学的生产,使我们能够分析市政管理的概念及其在我国市政实体行政过程中的应用。本研究采用理论方法,使我们了解市政管理必须遵守的控制手段,验证组织结构和工作概况。所发现的结果表明,虽然有控制手段,但没有建立具有最低要求的概况,以确保对公共机构的问责制进行适当的管理。因此,分析参与管理和问责的管理人员的职责和权力是很重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Fiscalización del sueldo pagado a trabajadores residentes en el extranjero 对支付给居住在国外的工人的工资征税
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i17.59
José Pablo Bonilla Vega, Flor Lucila Delfín Pozos
This research work offers a description of the main tax obligations of workers residing abroad, showing the difference between the tax on salaries paid to them and the salary paid to national workers, resulting in an economic disadvantage for national workers. This shows a violation of the principle of equity, established in article 31, section IV, of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Therefore, this will be an exploratory and comparative investigation of the tax control of salaries paid to workers residing abroad and to nationals, that allows us to identify inequality in remuneration for work of equal value.
这项研究工作描述了居住在国外的工人的主要税收义务,显示了支付给他们的工资税与支付给本国工人的工资税之间的差异,导致本国工人在经济上处于不利地位。这表明违反了《墨西哥合众国政治宪法》第31条第四节所规定的平等原则。因此,这将是对支付给居住在国外的工人和支付给本国国民的工资的税收控制的探索性和比较性调查,这使我们能够确定同等价值工作报酬的不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Plataformas educativas y la educación a distancia en la virtualidad 教育平台和虚拟远程教育
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i17.57
María Verónica Altagracia Lara Andrade, Genaro Roberto López Aguilar, Rosalía Cristina Ramírez Macip, Marco Antonio Cruz Gómez
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have intervened in all human activities and education has not been the exception. In higher education, educational platforms have proven to be very useful in virtual education, forced by the pandemic caused by covid-19. To be effective, these educational platforms must combine ICT, teaching strategies and an institutional IT support team. Therefore, both students and teachers must modify the roles to which they were accustomed and become active and participatory, self-reflective and self-regulating actors. The purpose of this work is to propose teaching strategies to generate meaningful learning in virtual distance higher education, in times of the pandemic caused by covid-19. It is research with a qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive approach. A group of teachers from the Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP) were interviewed about the teaching strategies applied in their academic development in this time of pandemic. Selecting those that best adapt to the virtual model and that can be developed through educational platforms in higher education. Reaching the conclusion that it is necessary to reflect on the teaching practice and question the student and the teacher of the digital age.
信息和通信技术已经介入了人类的所有活动,教育也不例外。在高等教育中,由于covid-19大流行的影响,教育平台在虚拟教育中被证明是非常有用的。这些教育平台必须结合ICT、教学策略和机构IT支持团队,才能发挥作用。因此,学生和教师都必须改变他们所习惯的角色,成为积极参与、自我反思和自我调节的行动者。这项工作的目的是提出教学策略,以便在covid-19大流行期间在虚拟远程高等教育中产生有意义的学习。它是一种采用定性、现象学和描述性方法的研究。对普埃布拉荣誉自治大学(BUAP)的一组教师进行了采访,了解在疫情期间他们在学术发展中采用的教学策略。选择那些最适合虚拟模式的,可以通过高等教育的教育平台来发展的。得出有必要对教学实践进行反思,对数字时代的学生和教师提出质疑的结论。
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引用次数: 1
El servicio de administración tributaria y su impacto fiscal en México 墨西哥税务管理服务及其对税收的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i17.58
Hugo Enrique Domínguez Lerma, René Mariani Ochoa
The Tax Administration Service is a decentralized agency of the public administration created on July 1, 1997, with the purpose of promoting voluntary compliance with tax obligations and collecting taxes from taxpayers, which is endowed with auditing and collectors powers, legal representation, as well as identification and control of the taxpayer registry; that has implemented technological innovations that help the taxpayer comply with their tax obligations in an easy, safe and efficient manner, such as the e.firma, the electronic invoice, the tax mailbox and the electronic accounting, therefore, to face the persistent reluctance of the governed before the mission of the Tax Administration Service, the objective of disseminating the existence of its innovations and its statistically measurable results is achieved, in order to be able to note its success in fulfilling the mission of collecting, and with it perceive the consolidation of the SAT as an institution that contributes to the economic growth of Mexico.
税务管理处是1997年7月1日设立的一个权力下放的公共行政机构,其目的是促进自愿遵守纳税义务和向纳税人收税,它被赋予审计和收税权、法律代理以及查明和控制纳税人登记册的权力;实施了技术创新,帮助纳税人以一种简单,安全和有效的方式履行其纳税义务,例如电子公司,电子发票,税务邮箱和电子会计,因此,面对被治理者的持续不情愿,在税务管理服务的使命之前,传播其创新的存在及其统计可衡量的结果的目标是实现的。为了能够注意到它在完成收集任务方面的成功,并将其视为一个有助于墨西哥经济增长的机构。
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引用次数: 0
Responsabilidad social y cohesión social mediante la articulación Universidad, Empresa y Estado 社会责任和社会凝聚力通过大学、企业和国家的衔接
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i15.42
Sandra Alicia Salgado Guzmán, Rosa María Solís Salazar, Delfino Amando Montiel Rodríguez, Erick Mendoza Blancas
According to the ISO 26000 Standard, "Guidance on Social Responsibility", business management must harmonize the activity of producing, marketing or selling, under the approach of economic, financial and social profitability, together with human rights and labor rights, social welfare and environmental protection. Jointly with society and the State, the Company in general assumes a fundamental role in the process towards the respect of labor rights, human rights, justice, and gender equity to achieve a more just, balanced and sustainable society. Now then, University Social Responsibility derives from the institutional commitment with individual work and social conscience, that is to say, sustainable and harmonious human development; social application of knowledge; environmental organization; concrete actions of social responsibility in investigation, teaching and extension; responsible management of the educational impact towards real actions that permeate in students, under the principles of: ethical commitment, transparency and accountability, human rights, respect for the norm, citizen participation and sustainability. In addition, social cohesion-State refers to the effectiveness of the mechanisms instituted for social inclusion as well as to the behaviors and values of the subjects that are part of society, considering employment, educational systems, rights and policies to promote equity, welfare and social protection; in addition to behaviors and values of the subjects such as trust in: institutions, social capital, sense of belonging and solidarity, acceptance of coexistence rules and disposition to participate in collective projects. The theoretical-qualitative methodology used in this research seeks to align the interaction of these three forces, with a holistic and interdependent approach, to face the challenge of Social Responsibility in the context of University, Business and State in Mexico, considering Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as detonators of change.
根据ISO 26000标准“社会责任指南”,企业管理必须协调生产、营销或销售活动,在经济、财务和社会盈利的方法下,以及人权和劳工权利、社会福利和环境保护。公司与社会和国家一道,在尊重劳工权利、人权、正义和性别平等的过程中发挥着根本作用,以实现一个更加公正、平衡和可持续的社会。因此,大学社会责任源于对个人工作和社会良知的机构承诺,即人类的可持续和谐发展;知识的社会应用;环境组织;社会责任在探究、教学和推广中的具体行动在以下原则下,负责管理教育对学生实际行动的影响:道德承诺、透明度和问责制、人权、尊重规范、公民参与和可持续性。此外,社会凝聚力-国家是指为社会包容而设立的机制的有效性以及作为社会一部分的主体的行为和价值观,考虑到就业、教育制度、促进公平、福利和社会保护的权利和政策;除了主体的行为和价值观,如信任:制度,社会资本,归属感和团结感,接受共存规则和倾向于参与集体项目。本研究中使用的理论-定性方法旨在将这三种力量的相互作用与整体和相互依赖的方法结合起来,以面对墨西哥大学、企业和国家背景下的社会责任挑战,将高等教育机构(HEI)视为变革的引爆器。
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引用次数: 0
Factores que afectan al comercio informal en Xalapa durante el covid-19 covid-19期间影响哈拉帕非正式贸易的因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i18.64
Noé López Domínguez, Jesús Ernesto Pineda Prado, Dirce Alethia García García
Actualmente la palabra informal se asocia a ciertos actos que realizan los ciudadanos, por falta de conocimiento y creencias; que conllevan al incumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales. En este trabajo se tiene el propósito de conocer qué factores inciden en el crecimiento de ocupación en los tianguis que se instalan en la ciudad de Xalapa. Los cuales podrán permitir realizar el análisis del aumento del sector informal y de la falta de oportunidad de empleos formales, para que con base a los resultados obtenidos se realicen propuestas que permitan impulsar capacitaciones en materia fiscal, planeaciones administrativas y financiera, determinando las actividades comerciales en lo reconocimiento de los procesos legales como como medio de supervivencia social. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, aplicando una encuesta como técnica de recolección de información a 120 trabajadores que se encuentran en la actividad en la venta de tianguis en la ciudad, lo que permitió la obtención de resultados.
目前,由于缺乏知识和信仰,非正式词与公民的某些行为联系在一起;导致不履行纳税义务的。本文的目的是了解哪些因素影响了在哈拉帕市定居的天anguis的就业增长。可允许进行分析增加非正式部门和缺乏机会正式工作岗位,根据结果进行财政方面的建议,以推动培训、planeaciones行政和财务,商业活动在法律程序,就像承认社会生存手段。本研究采用定性研究方法,将调查作为一种收集信息的技术,对120名在该市从事天anguis销售活动的工人进行调查,从而获得结果。
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引用次数: 0
Impacto del cobro digital “CoDi” en la sociedad 数字收费“CoDi”对社会的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i15.45
Ricardo Valdivia Pelayo, Gerardo Eduardo León Hernández
The research in development is related to the Digital Collection "CoDi", which is a new form of collection and payment, which does not generate commissions, users must have a bank account, internet services and a mobile device, a system that intends to leave without use to the affective and financial inclusion. The objective of the research is to evaluate the penetration and effectiveness of this electronic transaction scheme, the advantages and disadvantages of the users who use it, measuring the impact it has on the MIPyMES; with the help of qualitative methodology, the use of a FODA analysis and application of a survey in the city of Xalapa, applied to businessmen and consumers. The results obtained reflect the perceptions of the respondents by age ranges, the contribution was greater in the age range between 26 and 40 years. It is also observed that there are still people who are not aware of what CoDi is and who do not have a bank account, so they have not been able to carry out any operation, despite the fact that CoDi can be considered as an aid to stimulate growth economical by providing a faster and more efficient form of payment.
正在开发的研究与数字收藏“CoDi”有关,这是一种新的收款和支付形式,不产生佣金,用户必须拥有银行账户,互联网服务和移动设备,这是一种旨在不使用情感和金融包容性的系统。研究的目的是评估这种电子交易方案的渗透和有效性,使用它的用户的优点和缺点,衡量它对MIPyMES的影响;在定性方法的帮助下,使用FODA分析和应用在哈拉帕市的一项调查,适用于商人和消费者。所得结果反映了受访者对不同年龄段的看法,在26岁至40岁年龄段的贡献更大。还可以观察到,仍然有人不知道CoDi是什么,也没有银行账户,因此他们无法进行任何操作,尽管CoDi可以被认为是通过提供更快、更有效的支付方式来刺激经济增长的一种手段。
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引用次数: 0
Análisis del estímulo fiscal de la contratación a personas con discapacidad en el sector restaurantero de Xalapa 在哈拉帕的餐饮业招聘残疾人的财政刺激分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i17.60
Erick Moisés Arenas Del Ángel, César Vega Zárate, Leticia Murcia López
The objective of this research work is to observe the current scope of the fiscal stimulus the object of this research and derived from this observation, a research instrument such as the questionnaire, focused on: restaurateurs, teachers of the school of the Accounting and Administration of the UV, people with disabilities and professionals in general; the instrument served to understand how effective is the fiscal stimulus of employers whio hire people with disabilities; contained in Articles 186 from the “ISR” (Income Tax) Law and 16 part A, section X of the LIF (Revenau Law of the Federation) (Ediciones Fiscales ISEF, S.A., 2017); the instrument supports to make a proposal that seeks a balance between social interests and tax collections that the aforementioned tax stimulus intends apart from the benefits that the taxpayer (in this case the restaurant owner) can obtain.
本研究工作的目的是观察当前财政刺激的范围,本研究的对象并由此得出调查问卷等研究工具,重点研究对象为:餐馆老板、会计与行政管理学院的教师、残疾人和一般专业人士;该工具的作用是了解财政刺激对雇用残疾人的雇主的效果如何;载于“ISR”(所得税法)第186条和LIF(联邦税收法)第16部分第X节(Ediciones Fiscales ISEF, sa, 2017);该文书支持提出一项建议,寻求社会利益和税收之间的平衡,上述税收刺激计划除了纳税人(在本例中是餐馆老板)可以获得的利益之外,还打算实现社会利益和税收之间的平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosistema Fintech, el futuro de la nueva economía 金融科技生态系统,新经济的未来
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.25009/hccs.v0i15.47
Elizabeth Cabrera Tenorio, Sergio Gabriel Ordóñez Sánchez, Axel Jesús Escoto Flores, Kenya Daniela Rivera Ibañez
Currently, Mexico has witnessed the emergence of a class of businesses or shops, all of them managed from the Internet. These new forms of commerce have focused on certain specific areas: payments by digital means, crowdfunding and virtual assets. Technology advances rapidly, to such an extent that they are already part of finance; to such a degree that they have created the Fintech concept, which combines both definitions, such as technology and finance. Fintech refers to that area of administrative sciences, it can even be known as a new area of finance and information technology. However, in our country it is relatively new, despite the fact that both the concept and the regulations already existed in other nations; In Mexico, regulation was established at the beginning of 2018 for all companies that will be managed within the Fintech ecosystem; although to this day, there are still more aspects to improve on this law. This research aims to expose basic aspects of what makes up the entire ecosystem. Everything collected has been based on information analysis, statistics and reading of various research articles. In this way, the information has been selected, in order to provide a clearer and more concise overview of this finance model. Although, truth be told, it became complicated due to the little relative information on the subject. However, with the results obtained, it has been possible to establish clear information, with which it can be possible to sow interest in the subject.
目前,墨西哥出现了一类企业或商店,它们都是通过互联网管理的。这些新的商业形式集中在某些特定领域:数字支付、众筹和虚拟资产。技术进步迅速,以至于它们已经成为金融的一部分;以至于他们创造了金融科技(Fintech)这个概念,它结合了技术和金融这两个定义。金融科技指的是行政科学领域,它甚至可以被称为金融和信息技术的一个新领域。然而,在我国,尽管这一概念和规定在其他国家已经存在,但它还是一个相对较新的概念;在墨西哥,2018年初为所有将在金融科技生态系统内管理的公司制定了法规;尽管直到今天,这部法律还有很多方面需要改进。这项研究旨在揭示构成整个生态系统的基本方面。收集的一切都是基于信息分析、统计和阅读各种研究文章。通过这种方式,对信息进行了选择,以便对这种财务模式提供更清晰、更简洁的概述。不过,说实话,由于这方面的相关信息很少,事情变得很复杂。然而,有了获得的结果,就有可能建立明确的信息,有了这些信息,就有可能引起人们对这个主题的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
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Horizontes de la Contaduría en las Ciencias Sociales
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