Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0003
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter visits the internal tensions within the various southern Democratic parties, which successfully united competing factions around the cause of white supremacy but whose unity was always tense and insecure. It begins by detailing the process of “redemption,” in which the Democratic Party across the South wrested control of state legislatures and national representation from biracial coalitions organized primarily within the Republican Party. It then examines the structure of political conflict in Congress, the site where southern diversity was transformed into regional solidarity, to show that the familiar story of the Black Belt as the core of southern solidarity must be revised. Turning to the substantive bases for southern unity and diversity, the chapter identifies the issue areas that implicated distinctively southern priorities and arrayed the region's members in diverse coalitions with northern Democrats and Republicans. From this set, it selects for detailed examination legislation that reflected competing intraregional priorities.
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Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0005
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter turns to home rule, in particular southern evaluations of prospects for a new national labor policy and attention to voting rights protections. Southern success in defeating a renewed consideration of the franchise established the terms of the broad national accommodation that came to characterize American policy and politics for the first half of the twentieth century. The South would be left alone to determine the contours of black citizenship, while the economic program of the Republican Party would be placed on a stable political foundation. When the United States declared war on Spain in April 1898, the region's representatives provided fifteen of the nineteen votes cast against the initial war resolution in the House. Yet despite the region's anti-imperialist sentiment, the war with Spain became an occasion to affirm the South's definitive return to the Union.
{"title":"Racial Rule","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter turns to home rule, in particular southern evaluations of prospects for a new national labor policy and attention to voting rights protections. Southern success in defeating a renewed consideration of the franchise established the terms of the broad national accommodation that came to characterize American policy and politics for the first half of the twentieth century. The South would be left alone to determine the contours of black citizenship, while the economic program of the Republican Party would be placed on a stable political foundation. When the United States declared war on Spain in April 1898, the region's representatives provided fifteen of the nineteen votes cast against the initial war resolution in the House. Yet despite the region's anti-imperialist sentiment, the war with Spain became an occasion to affirm the South's definitive return to the Union.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123633872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0008
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter attends to the long moment when southern Democrats came to dominate their party in Congress, just as Republicans were gaining governing capacity after the war years. It highlights how the South successfully remade congressional institutions and practices to accommodate the peculiar fact that the region's heterogeneity and range of preferences were contained within a single political party. This achievement complemented the earlier era's policy outcomes, for it reshaped Congress for the long haul. Southern legislators designed and implemented the radical diffusion of authority in the House of Representatives, enabling the diversity of southern policy priorities to be worked out and advanced in the critical legislative committees. Through compromise, they also ensured that the creation in the Senate of a cloture mechanism that could end a filibuster would only further institutionalize their ability to obstruct legislation that called their region's racial hierarchy into question.
{"title":"Minority Power","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter attends to the long moment when southern Democrats came to dominate their party in Congress, just as Republicans were gaining governing capacity after the war years. It highlights how the South successfully remade congressional institutions and practices to accommodate the peculiar fact that the region's heterogeneity and range of preferences were contained within a single political party. This achievement complemented the earlier era's policy outcomes, for it reshaped Congress for the long haul. Southern legislators designed and implemented the radical diffusion of authority in the House of Representatives, enabling the diversity of southern policy priorities to be worked out and advanced in the critical legislative committees. Through compromise, they also ensured that the creation in the Senate of a cloture mechanism that could end a filibuster would only further institutionalize their ability to obstruct legislation that called their region's racial hierarchy into question.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128042329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0001
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book aims to advance an analysis of the role and influence of southern members of Congress from Reconstruction to the New Deal. This approach underscores the persistent possibilities of division among southern Democrats as they struggled to find cohesion in circumstances of very considerable sectional diversity. Southern achievements, which were considerable, were secured unevenly and haltingly. Rather than assume that the cohesion of southern representatives always came easily and was persistently high, or that southern members were always wily and masterful in deploying influence in Congress, the book shows how southern security and capacity were produced over time under conditions of anxiety and uncertainty. In so doing, it also offers elements, we believe, that are vital pathways to contemporary circumstances.
{"title":"Southern Politics","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book aims to advance an analysis of the role and influence of southern members of Congress from Reconstruction to the New Deal. This approach underscores the persistent possibilities of division among southern Democrats as they struggled to find cohesion in circumstances of very considerable sectional diversity. Southern achievements, which were considerable, were secured unevenly and haltingly. Rather than assume that the cohesion of southern representatives always came easily and was persistently high, or that southern members were always wily and masterful in deploying influence in Congress, the book shows how southern security and capacity were produced over time under conditions of anxiety and uncertainty. In so doing, it also offers elements, we believe, that are vital pathways to contemporary circumstances.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0007
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter examines the period from the turn of the century to the outbreak of World War I, when southern influence over national policy went from its lowest point in history to heights unmatched since before the Civil War. It begins by examining the limits of southern influence in the first decade of the twentieth century, when southern Democrats struggled to advance a legislative agenda that accommodated their multiple, at times conflicting, priorities. It then follows the story of southern lawmaking through to the dramatic reconfiguration of authority and influence that followed the elections of 1912, when southern Democratic influence over national policy jumped dramatically and the region's sometimes fractious body of legislators managed to forge and pass an ambitious progressive policy agenda. It concludes by elaborating how southern priorities were accommodated in the construction of the new American state as a southern-led Congress recognized and affirmed the power of southern states and local white elites to regulate the region's racial and class hierarchies.
{"title":"Ascendancy","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the period from the turn of the century to the outbreak of World War I, when southern influence over national policy went from its lowest point in history to heights unmatched since before the Civil War. It begins by examining the limits of southern influence in the first decade of the twentieth century, when southern Democrats struggled to advance a legislative agenda that accommodated their multiple, at times conflicting, priorities. It then follows the story of southern lawmaking through to the dramatic reconfiguration of authority and influence that followed the elections of 1912, when southern Democratic influence over national policy jumped dramatically and the region's sometimes fractious body of legislators managed to forge and pass an ambitious progressive policy agenda. It concludes by elaborating how southern priorities were accommodated in the construction of the new American state as a southern-led Congress recognized and affirmed the power of southern states and local white elites to regulate the region's racial and class hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123366393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0004
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter examines how southern members of Congress balanced and selected among their contending priorities, how they sought to change legislative institutions to achieve their goals, and how their choices and actions shaped national policy in enduring ways. It examines southern lawmaking across three broad issues: revenue, economic regulation, and spending. In each issue area, the South hoped to achieve changes that would make policy more equitable across the country's regions. Each confronted the South with a set of unpalatable choices, options that the region's representatives ultimately were unable to reconcile. The chapter first looks at the politics of revenue, an issue on which southern Democrats had to make common cause with often unreliable northern allies. Then, it turns to market regulation and finance, particularly efforts to regulate interstate commerce, break up trusts, and establish a more locally responsive financial system. Finally, it considers national spending policies.
{"title":"Tests of Priority","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how southern members of Congress balanced and selected among their contending priorities, how they sought to change legislative institutions to achieve their goals, and how their choices and actions shaped national policy in enduring ways. It examines southern lawmaking across three broad issues: revenue, economic regulation, and spending. In each issue area, the South hoped to achieve changes that would make policy more equitable across the country's regions. Each confronted the South with a set of unpalatable choices, options that the region's representatives ultimately were unable to reconcile. The chapter first looks at the politics of revenue, an issue on which southern Democrats had to make common cause with often unreliable northern allies. Then, it turns to market regulation and finance, particularly efforts to regulate interstate commerce, break up trusts, and establish a more locally responsive financial system. Finally, it considers national spending policies.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130909641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691126494.003.0009
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter summarizes key discussions and presents some final thoughts. This book's goal has been to understand what happened during the six decades when the South originated, developed, and protected its new system of racial hierarchy, including: how the white South reentered the world of national lawmaking during this period, how this return affected lawmaking, and how the South's role in Congress reshaped the region and the nation on terms that violated Hayes's expectations. To that end, it has systematically assessed southern preferences and behavior in congressional debate, negotiation, and decision. In the five and a half decades following Reconstruction, the United States became a southern nation by reinforcing federalism and decentralization, especially in matters of education. The wide array of progressive, sometimes populist-inspired legislation enacted in the early twentieth century was also shaped and enacted by southern influence.
{"title":"At the Edge of Democracy","authors":"David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691126494.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691126494.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes key discussions and presents some final thoughts. This book's goal has been to understand what happened during the six decades when the South originated, developed, and protected its new system of racial hierarchy, including: how the white South reentered the world of national lawmaking during this period, how this return affected lawmaking, and how the South's role in Congress reshaped the region and the nation on terms that violated Hayes's expectations. To that end, it has systematically assessed southern preferences and behavior in congressional debate, negotiation, and decision. In the five and a half decades following Reconstruction, the United States became a southern nation by reinforcing federalism and decentralization, especially in matters of education. The wide array of progressive, sometimes populist-inspired legislation enacted in the early twentieth century was also shaped and enacted by southern influence.","PeriodicalId":115366,"journal":{"name":"Southern Nation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120936993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691126494.003.0002
David A. Bateman, I. Katznelson, J. Lapinski
This chapter conceptualizes the potential for southern influence. It begins by detailing standard accounts of congressional lawmaking and influence, and then turns to a discussion of southern exceptionalism. It outlines a theory of southern representation that focuses on how lawmakers from a heterogeneous region balanced their diverse constituent and individual demands with the distinctive imperatives and constraints unique to the South. The chapter suggests that standard accounts of congressional lawmaking need to be modified to accommodate the distinctive identity and goals of southern lawmakers across different historical and institutional contexts. It concludes by outlining a research strategy, inspired by the analytical approaches of V. O. Key and Richard Hofstadter, which allows the evaluation of theoretical expectations, identifies the mechanisms by which southerners were able to influence the national political agenda, and assesses the importance of their influence for American political development.
本章概述了南方影响的可能性。它首先详细介绍了国会立法和影响的标准描述，然后转向对南方例外论的讨论。它概述了一种南方代表性理论，该理论侧重于来自异质地区的立法者如何平衡其多样化的选民和个人需求与南方独特的要求和约束。本章表明，国会立法的标准描述需要修改，以适应不同历史和制度背景下南方立法者的独特身份和目标。在v·o·基(V. O. Key)和理查德·霍夫施塔特(Richard Hofstadter)的分析方法的启发下，最后概述了一项研究策略，该策略允许对理论期望进行评估，确定南方人能够影响国家政治议程的机制，并评估他们对美国政治发展的影响的重要性。
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