A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) serves to extend the coverage of Access Points (APs) by means of Relay Nodes (RNs) that forward data between Mobile Nodes (MNs) and an AP. This concept reduces deployment costs by exchanging the wires between APs by a wireless backbone. Unfortunately, this also reduces capacity, owing to multiple transmissions of the same data packet on its multi-hop route.Hence, different mechanisms to increase the capacity of WMNs are investigated, one of them being transmit power control. By limiting the transmission power, interference on other links is reduced. As a consequence, it should be possible for them to use more susceptible and thus higher rate Modulation- and Coding Schemes (MCSs), which improves the system capacity.Unfortunately, the reduction of the transmission power has also the effect that the received signal power is reduced, which then requires more robust (lower-rate)MCSs, reducing capacity.In this paper, we use an analytical framework to compute the upper capacity bound of Wireless Mesh Networks(WMNs) with and without transmit power control. The comparison shows that the negative influence of the power control dominates the positive.
{"title":"Transmit Power Control in Wireless Mesh Networks Considered Harmful","authors":"Sebastian Max, T. Wang","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.20","url":null,"abstract":"A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) serves to extend the coverage of Access Points (APs) by means of Relay Nodes (RNs) that forward data between Mobile Nodes (MNs) and an AP. This concept reduces deployment costs by exchanging the wires between APs by a wireless backbone. Unfortunately, this also reduces capacity, owing to multiple transmissions of the same data packet on its multi-hop route.Hence, different mechanisms to increase the capacity of WMNs are investigated, one of them being transmit power control. By limiting the transmission power, interference on other links is reduced. As a consequence, it should be possible for them to use more susceptible and thus higher rate Modulation- and Coding Schemes (MCSs), which improves the system capacity.Unfortunately, the reduction of the transmission power has also the effect that the received signal power is reduced, which then requires more robust (lower-rate)MCSs, reducing capacity.In this paper, we use an analytical framework to compute the upper capacity bound of Wireless Mesh Networks(WMNs) with and without transmit power control. The comparison shows that the negative influence of the power control dominates the positive.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125043718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a cross-layer routing protocol design over multi-power, multi-interface wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Variable transmission power levels cause different network connectivity and impact the route discovery.Further, different power levels have different network spatial reusability and interference. These features affect the network throughput and end-to-end delay. We incorporate transmission power control with intra/inter-flow interference, and proposed the Multi-power Multi-interface Routing protocol considering Intra/Inter flow Interference (M2iRi2). Each radio interface locally calculates the tolerable interference (iTolerance)information at the physical layer and sends to the network layer to exchange with neighbors to constrain the power level selection at the route discovery. The traffic flow chooses the appropriate power level and the path with less interference to forward the packets. In this way, the simulations results demonstrate that the proposed M2iRi2 can improve both network throughput and end-to-end delay.
{"title":"Cross-Layer Design for Multi-power, Multi-interface Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"Tzu-Chieh Tsai, Sung-Ta Tsai, Tsai-Feng Liu","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.27","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a cross-layer routing protocol design over multi-power, multi-interface wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Variable transmission power levels cause different network connectivity and impact the route discovery.Further, different power levels have different network spatial reusability and interference. These features affect the network throughput and end-to-end delay. We incorporate transmission power control with intra/inter-flow interference, and proposed the Multi-power Multi-interface Routing protocol considering Intra/Inter flow Interference (M2iRi2). Each radio interface locally calculates the tolerable interference (iTolerance)information at the physical layer and sends to the network layer to exchange with neighbors to constrain the power level selection at the route discovery. The traffic flow chooses the appropriate power level and the path with less interference to forward the packets. In this way, the simulations results demonstrate that the proposed M2iRi2 can improve both network throughput and end-to-end delay.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesh networks are gaining momentum. That is why the IEEE is working to develop a standard for this new technology. The IEEE 802.11s draft standard specifies a mandatory MAC protocol (EDCA) and an optional one, called MDA. In this paper we describe potential limitations of MDA and propose an alternative MAC protocol, also based on reservations, called MARE (Medium Access through Reservation). We compare MDA and MARE qualitatively in terms of their effectiveness to provide collision-free transmissions to those nodes that successfully reserve the medium. We also compare both protocols in terms of overhead. In both types of comparisons we observe a clear advantage of MARE.
{"title":"MARE: An Efficient Reservation-Based MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11s Mesh Networks","authors":"J. Gallardo, D. Makrakis, H. Mouftah","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.25","url":null,"abstract":"Mesh networks are gaining momentum. That is why the IEEE is working to develop a standard for this new technology. The IEEE 802.11s draft standard specifies a mandatory MAC protocol (EDCA) and an optional one, called MDA. In this paper we describe potential limitations of MDA and propose an alternative MAC protocol, also based on reservations, called MARE (Medium Access through Reservation). We compare MDA and MARE qualitatively in terms of their effectiveness to provide collision-free transmissions to those nodes that successfully reserve the medium. We also compare both protocols in terms of overhead. In both types of comparisons we observe a clear advantage of MARE.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present a new extension to proactive routing protocols using a fast mobility extension, FastM, with the purpose of increasing handover performance in Wireless Mesh Networks. With this new extension a new concept is created to integrate information between neighbor wireless mesh routers, managing locations of clients associated to wireless mesh routers in a certain neighborhood, and avoiding packet loss during handover. The proposed mobility protocol is able to optimize the handover process without imposing any modifications to the current IEE 802.11 MAC protocol and use unmodified clients. Results show the improved efficiency of the proposed scheme: metrics such as disconnection time, throughput, packet loss and control overhead are largely improved when compared to previous approaches.
{"title":"FastM in WMN: A Fast Mobility Support Extension for Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"Luís Couto, J. Barraca, S. Sargento, R. Aguiar","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.23","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a new extension to proactive routing protocols using a fast mobility extension, FastM, with the purpose of increasing handover performance in Wireless Mesh Networks. With this new extension a new concept is created to integrate information between neighbor wireless mesh routers, managing locations of clients associated to wireless mesh routers in a certain neighborhood, and avoiding packet loss during handover. The proposed mobility protocol is able to optimize the handover process without imposing any modifications to the current IEE 802.11 MAC protocol and use unmodified clients. Results show the improved efficiency of the proposed scheme: metrics such as disconnection time, throughput, packet loss and control overhead are largely improved when compared to previous approaches.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114284687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nachtigall, A. Zubow, Robert Sombrutzki, M. Picozzi
The total cost of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) can be substantially decreased by using Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), which are inexpensive computer networks whose nodes communicate wirelessly using a license-free spectrum in a self-organized manner. The Early Warning System triggers on the small-amplitude, but fast P-wave in order to shutdown critical infrastructures before the destructive, but slow S-waves arrive only a few seconds later. It demands low-latency communications of high robustness. We conducted shakeboard-based measurements using IEEE 802.11a/b. Innovatively, our tests show that already for the slight shaking related to P-waves representative for strong (Mw ≫ 6) and nearby (epicentral distance
{"title":"The Challenges of Using Wireless Mesh Networks for Earthquake Early Warning Systems","authors":"J. Nachtigall, A. Zubow, Robert Sombrutzki, M. Picozzi","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.35","url":null,"abstract":"The total cost of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) can be substantially decreased by using Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), which are inexpensive computer networks whose nodes communicate wirelessly using a license-free spectrum in a self-organized manner. The Early Warning System triggers on the small-amplitude, but fast P-wave in order to shutdown critical infrastructures before the destructive, but slow S-waves arrive only a few seconds later. It demands low-latency communications of high robustness. We conducted shakeboard-based measurements using IEEE 802.11a/b. Innovatively, our tests show that already for the slight shaking related to P-waves representative for strong (Mw ≫ 6) and nearby (epicentral distance","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127791805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the promising applications of IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) WMANs is to provide backhaul (infrastructure) support for IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) WLANs based mobile hotspots, integrating IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 is definitely an attractive and inevitable challenge. In this paper we present a novel architecture for integrating IEEE 802.16-mesh with IEEE 802.11. Indeed this architecture adds the mesh capability to the already existing integrated WMAN-WLAN networks. Integrated WiFi-WiMAX and WiFi-WiMAX-mesh networks are simulated and their performance is compared and discussed in terms of not only throughput and delay but also packet loss. We show that the mesh architecture has indeed superior performance due to the inherent properties of mesh networking paradigm.
{"title":"Integration of WiFi and WiMAX-Mesh Networks","authors":"N. Ghazisaidi, Hossein Kassaei, M. S. Bohlooli","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.8","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the promising applications of IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) WMANs is to provide backhaul (infrastructure) support for IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) WLANs based mobile hotspots, integrating IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 is definitely an attractive and inevitable challenge. In this paper we present a novel architecture for integrating IEEE 802.16-mesh with IEEE 802.11. Indeed this architecture adds the mesh capability to the already existing integrated WMAN-WLAN networks. Integrated WiFi-WiMAX and WiFi-WiMAX-mesh networks are simulated and their performance is compared and discussed in terms of not only throughput and delay but also packet loss. We show that the mesh architecture has indeed superior performance due to the inherent properties of mesh networking paradigm.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115045480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of our research is to improve data availability in large-scale wireless networks in a disaster scenario, where spatially correlated group of nodes may fail. In this paper, we analytically evaluate the efficacy of existing replication schemes from structured overlay networks under relaxed system constraints. The analysis shows that these schemes do not guarantee data survivability under the assumption of massive node crashes.
{"title":"Availability of Data in Locality-Aware Unreliable Networks","authors":"Joanna Geibig","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.24","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of our research is to improve data availability in large-scale wireless networks in a disaster scenario, where spatially correlated group of nodes may fail. In this paper, we analytically evaluate the efficacy of existing replication schemes from structured overlay networks under relaxed system constraints. The analysis shows that these schemes do not guarantee data survivability under the assumption of massive node crashes.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121032688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are a lot of attempts to define a universal protocol for low power wireless communication based on mesh network topologies. This paper describes one such approach, IQMESH protocol, its advantages, strengths, also limitations and specific implementations. IQRF is an intelligent platform for wireless communication and control designed primarily to fulfill requests coming from building automation and telemetry industries, based on IQMESH protocol. IQMESH utilizes several unique and patented features, it is light and would be easily ported even to the smallest 8 bit microcontrollers.
{"title":"IQMESH Implementation in IQRF Wireless Communication Platform","authors":"V. Sulc, R. Kuchta, R. Vrba","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.18","url":null,"abstract":"There are a lot of attempts to define a universal protocol for low power wireless communication based on mesh network topologies. This paper describes one such approach, IQMESH protocol, its advantages, strengths, also limitations and specific implementations. IQRF is an intelligent platform for wireless communication and control designed primarily to fulfill requests coming from building automation and telemetry industries, based on IQMESH protocol. IQMESH utilizes several unique and patented features, it is light and would be easily ported even to the smallest 8 bit microcontrollers.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131801846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Raptis, V. Vitsas, P. Chatzimisios, K. Paparrizos
This paper presents a novel mathematical model for evaluating the performance of infrastructure Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) carrying voice and data traffic flows. We evaluate the performance of the access point (AP) flows and of the stations that employ IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) as contention mechanism to access the channel. Metrics as throughput, average delay, delay jitter and packet loss rate are considered in order to evaluate the performance of an infrastructure WLAN assuming ideal channel conditions. The paper proposes a bursting feature to the AP to avoid bottle-neck and to increase the capacity of voice stations. The proposed model, which is validated by simulation results, considers the Basic Access scheme but can be easily applied to the RTS/CTS scheme.
{"title":"Voice and Data Traffic Analysis in IEEE 802.11 DCF Infrastructure WLANs","authors":"P. Raptis, V. Vitsas, P. Chatzimisios, K. Paparrizos","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel mathematical model for evaluating the performance of infrastructure Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) carrying voice and data traffic flows. We evaluate the performance of the access point (AP) flows and of the stations that employ IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) as contention mechanism to access the channel. Metrics as throughput, average delay, delay jitter and packet loss rate are considered in order to evaluate the performance of an infrastructure WLAN assuming ideal channel conditions. The paper proposes a bursting feature to the AP to avoid bottle-neck and to increase the capacity of voice stations. The proposed model, which is validated by simulation results, considers the Basic Access scheme but can be easily applied to the RTS/CTS scheme.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a framework to exploit the Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) technique in the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) physical layer. MIMO is an established standard in the WIMAX family, however practical literature on the exploitation of MIMO in WIMAX networks focused on treating the paradoxical situation of demand for Line Of Sight (LOS) in microwave communications against the essential MIMO prerequisite, i.e., the Non LOS (NLOS) and multi fade paths. This framework proposes a novel approach to exploit potentials of MIMO in WIMAX networks. This is achieved by exploiting spatial diversity of Multiple Antenna Sites (MAS) to create artificial NLOS environment, whereby, MAS(s) are encapsulated as antennas in a large scale frame. This presents a significant enhancement of the existing schemes, which highlighted the exploitation of the combination of Time Division Duplexing (TDD), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and MIMO for Multiple Access Points (MAP(s)) in a Single Frequency Network (SFN). In this paper, the network is divided into layers and the above exploitation of MIMO is realised between these layers in a network-to-network communication scenario. The resulting network is characterized by high capacities at distribution access points and ease of design by virtue of combination of SFN and spatial techniques.
{"title":"A WIMAX MIMO Network Architecture Exploiting Spatial Diversity of Multiple Antenna Sites","authors":"G. T. E. Sanousi","doi":"10.1109/MESH.2009.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MESH.2009.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a framework to exploit the Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) technique in the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) physical layer. MIMO is an established standard in the WIMAX family, however practical literature on the exploitation of MIMO in WIMAX networks focused on treating the paradoxical situation of demand for Line Of Sight (LOS) in microwave communications against the essential MIMO prerequisite, i.e., the Non LOS (NLOS) and multi fade paths. This framework proposes a novel approach to exploit potentials of MIMO in WIMAX networks. This is achieved by exploiting spatial diversity of Multiple Antenna Sites (MAS) to create artificial NLOS environment, whereby, MAS(s) are encapsulated as antennas in a large scale frame. This presents a significant enhancement of the existing schemes, which highlighted the exploitation of the combination of Time Division Duplexing (TDD), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and MIMO for Multiple Access Points (MAP(s)) in a Single Frequency Network (SFN). In this paper, the network is divided into layers and the above exploitation of MIMO is realised between these layers in a network-to-network communication scenario. The resulting network is characterized by high capacities at distribution access points and ease of design by virtue of combination of SFN and spatial techniques.","PeriodicalId":115389,"journal":{"name":"2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126595015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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