Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230314121123
Munir Akhtar, Rubaida Mehmood, Mukhtar Hussain, Momna Warraich, Hafeez Ullah, Zahida Batool, Sumara Ashraf, Rida Sana
Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn.
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Bentham science disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
背景:CBC(全血细胞计数)检测以及RPM(肾脏参数)和LFT(肝功能检查)对冠状病毒患者具有重要的临床意义;姜黄素可以作为治疗SARS冠状病毒的可能药物。目的:本研究的目的是确定CBC参数与肾参数和肝功能检查的关系，并提出姜黄素可能是治疗冠状病毒的最佳无创药物的假设。材料与方法:采用独立t检验和Mann-Witney U Wilcoxon检验评估91例确诊病例(有症状和无症状)与100例对照组结果的差异。使用显微镜、血液学工具和技术来评估血液成分和参数的改善/异常。结果:这是一项病例对照研究，以及姜黄素治疗covid的可行性。参数间的相关性采用Pearson & Spearman相关分析进行评估。结论:姜黄素类药物可作为治疗COVID-19患者的直接药物。
{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Evaluation and Association of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Untreated COVID-19 Patients on the basis of Differences in Ethnicity and Curcumin as a Possible Treatment","authors":"Munir Akhtar, Rubaida Mehmood, Mukhtar Hussain, Momna Warraich, Hafeez Ullah, Zahida Batool, Sumara Ashraf, Rida Sana","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230314121123","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230314121123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn.</p><p><p>Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p><p><p>The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.</p><p><strong>Bentham science disclaimer: </strong>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.2174/0118715303286652240214110511
Muye Li, Yueling Peng, Lin Pang, Lin Wang, Junhong Li
Background:: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in workingage individuals worldwide. Cell-to-cell communication between retinal cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) in DR is still unclear, so this study aimed to generate a single-cell atlas and identify receptor‒ligand communication between retinal cells and RPEs. Methods:: A mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset was retrieved from the GEO database (GSE178121) and was further analyzed with the R package Seurat. Cell cluster annotation was performed to further analyze cell‒cell communication. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RPEs were explored through pathway enrichment analysis and the protein‒ protein interaction (PPI) network. Core genes in the PPI were verified by quantitative PCR in ARPE-19 cells. Results:: We observed an increased proportion of RPEs in STZ mice. Although some overall intercellular communication pathways did not differ significantly in the STZ and control groups, RPEs relayed significantly more signals in the STZ group. In addition, THBS1, ITGB1, COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2, and FBN1 were found to be the core DEGs of the PPI network in RPEs. qPCR results showed that the expression of ITGB1, COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2, and FBN1 was higher and consistent with scRNA-seq results in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusion:: Our study, for the first time, investigated how signals that RPEs relay to and from other cells underly the progression of DR based on scRNA-seq. These signaling pathways and hub genes may provide new insights into DR mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Signatures and Cell-Cell Communication in Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"Muye Li, Yueling Peng, Lin Pang, Lin Wang, Junhong Li","doi":"10.2174/0118715303286652240214110511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303286652240214110511","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in workingage individuals worldwide. Cell-to-cell communication between retinal cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) in DR is still unclear, so this study aimed to generate a single-cell atlas and identify receptor‒ligand communication between retinal cells and RPEs. Methods:: A mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset was retrieved from the GEO database (GSE178121) and was further analyzed with the R package Seurat. Cell cluster annotation was performed to further analyze cell‒cell communication. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RPEs were explored through pathway enrichment analysis and the protein‒ protein interaction (PPI) network. Core genes in the PPI were verified by quantitative PCR in ARPE-19 cells. Results:: We observed an increased proportion of RPEs in STZ mice. Although some overall intercellular communication pathways did not differ significantly in the STZ and control groups, RPEs relayed significantly more signals in the STZ group. In addition, THBS1, ITGB1, COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2, and FBN1 were found to be the core DEGs of the PPI network in RPEs. qPCR results showed that the expression of ITGB1, COL9A3, ITGB8, VTN, TIMP2, and FBN1 was higher and consistent with scRNA-seq results in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusion:: Our study, for the first time, investigated how signals that RPEs relay to and from other cells underly the progression of DR based on scRNA-seq. These signaling pathways and hub genes may provide new insights into DR mechanisms and therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.2174/0118715303285268240415040311
Kazuki Santa, Tomonori Ohsawa
Background: Recently, the number of patients who manifest intestinal disorders has increased. Particularly, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, which include Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), are on the rise, especially in the young generation. Behcet’s disease (an autoimmune disease) and bowel obstruction are also common intestinal disorders. Furthermore, colorectal cancer, including colon and rectum cancer and small intestinal cancer, are the typical disorders in the intestine. Other disorders in the digestive tract are infectious diseases like Helicobacter pylori infection. Even though symptomatic treatments have been increasing for the treatment of intestinal disorders, the ways of improving and preventing these diseases are still controversial. Objective: The progress of medicine and treatment is rapid. However, recent approaches to the prevention and improvement of these intestinal disorders are suppressing dysbiosis and preventing chronic inflammation. This mini-review discusses the hypothesis of whether the improvement of the diet is a preferable choice for the prevention of these intestinal disorders. Dietary interventions are beneficial for the prevention and improvement of intestinal disorders since the first approach to intestinal disorders is dietary intervention. The Mediterranean diet, the diet from the 5-a-day campaign, and the Japanese diet are well-known healthy dietary strategies. A healthy diet regimen is not only beneficial for the prevention of intestinal disorders but also a useful strategy to reduce stress and ameliorate mental illness. In addition, the intake of phytochemicals is good for keeping healthy gut microbiota and preventing intestinal disorders. Furthermore, vitamin D3 intake with these phytochemicals works as an adjuvant to improve gut microbiota and upregulate immune responses. As a result, the decreasing production of TNF-α ameliorates chronic inflammation and intestinal disorders at an early stage. Conclusion: In recent years, prevention of the non-disease condition “ME-BYO” has been a popular approach for healthy and long living in Japan. This idea prevents the manifestation of diseases before the onset and is also applicable to intestinal disorders. This mini-review discusses ways of preventing and ameliorating intestinal disorders.
{"title":"Current Developments in the Prevention and Improvement of Intestinal Disorders: A Mini-Review","authors":"Kazuki Santa, Tomonori Ohsawa","doi":"10.2174/0118715303285268240415040311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303285268240415040311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, the number of patients who manifest intestinal disorders has increased. Particularly, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, which include Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), are on the rise, especially in the young generation. Behcet’s disease (an autoimmune disease) and bowel obstruction are also common intestinal disorders. Furthermore, colorectal cancer, including colon and rectum cancer and small intestinal cancer, are the typical disorders in the intestine. Other disorders in the digestive tract are infectious diseases like Helicobacter pylori infection. Even though symptomatic treatments have been increasing for the treatment of intestinal disorders, the ways of improving and preventing these diseases are still controversial. Objective: The progress of medicine and treatment is rapid. However, recent approaches to the prevention and improvement of these intestinal disorders are suppressing dysbiosis and preventing chronic inflammation. This mini-review discusses the hypothesis of whether the improvement of the diet is a preferable choice for the prevention of these intestinal disorders. Dietary interventions are beneficial for the prevention and improvement of intestinal disorders since the first approach to intestinal disorders is dietary intervention. The Mediterranean diet, the diet from the 5-a-day campaign, and the Japanese diet are well-known healthy dietary strategies. A healthy diet regimen is not only beneficial for the prevention of intestinal disorders but also a useful strategy to reduce stress and ameliorate mental illness. In addition, the intake of phytochemicals is good for keeping healthy gut microbiota and preventing intestinal disorders. Furthermore, vitamin D3 intake with these phytochemicals works as an adjuvant to improve gut microbiota and upregulate immune responses. As a result, the decreasing production of TNF-α ameliorates chronic inflammation and intestinal disorders at an early stage. Conclusion: In recent years, prevention of the non-disease condition “ME-BYO” has been a popular approach for healthy and long living in Japan. This idea prevents the manifestation of diseases before the onset and is also applicable to intestinal disorders. This mini-review discusses ways of preventing and ameliorating intestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.2174/0118715303322628240509094537
Giulia Cordenos, Elia Piccinno, Mattia Cominacini, Maria Vittoria Davì
Introduction: Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (HH) is a rare condition characterized by inappropriately elevated insulin levels in the presence of low glucose levels. A proper diagnostic framework is fundamental to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures. Objective: The study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of a single-center cohort of patients affected by HH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from January 2000-2023 Results: Our study included 104 patients: 81 (58% F) affected by insulinoma, 11 (91% F) by autoimmune hypoglycemia, 7 (71% M) by post-gastric surgery hypoglycemia, and 5 (80% F) by factitious hypoglycemia. HH was more frequent in females (63 F vs. 41 M, p-value 0.039). The median age at diagnosis was lower in insulinoma than in the autoimmune group (52.7 vs. 63.7 y, p < 0.001). During the hypoglycemic event, insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in autoimmune hypoglycemia than in insulinoma (insulin 324.6 vs. 36.4 μU/ml, p-value 0.033; C-peptide 14.25 vs. 3.99 ng/ml, p-value 0.003). Specifically, C-peptide levels < 9.6 ng/ml and insulin levels < 75 μU/ml exhibited 97.3% vs. 93.4% sensitivity and 80% vs. 90% specificity for insulinoma diagnosis, respectively. Regarding insulinoma, the sensitivity of localizing imaging was 88% for Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), 86% for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 82% for Computed Tomography (CT) scan, 52% for nuclear imaging, and 100% for angiography with the Doppman test. Among insulinoma patients, 79% received surgical treatment while 4% radiofrequency ablation. Symptomatic remission occurred in 100% of cases. Conclusion: We have confirmed insulinoma as the primary cause of HH. The autoimmune form should be suspected when insulin and C-peptide levels are markedly elevated.
{"title":"Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Adults: A Single-center Experience","authors":"Giulia Cordenos, Elia Piccinno, Mattia Cominacini, Maria Vittoria Davì","doi":"10.2174/0118715303322628240509094537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303322628240509094537","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (HH) is a rare condition characterized by inappropriately elevated insulin levels in the presence of low glucose levels. A proper diagnostic framework is fundamental to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures. Objective: The study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of a single-center cohort of patients affected by HH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from January 2000-2023 Results: Our study included 104 patients: 81 (58% F) affected by insulinoma, 11 (91% F) by autoimmune hypoglycemia, 7 (71% M) by post-gastric surgery hypoglycemia, and 5 (80% F) by factitious hypoglycemia. HH was more frequent in females (63 F vs. 41 M, p-value 0.039). The median age at diagnosis was lower in insulinoma than in the autoimmune group (52.7 vs. 63.7 y, p < 0.001). During the hypoglycemic event, insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in autoimmune hypoglycemia than in insulinoma (insulin 324.6 vs. 36.4 μU/ml, p-value 0.033; C-peptide 14.25 vs. 3.99 ng/ml, p-value 0.003). Specifically, C-peptide levels < 9.6 ng/ml and insulin levels < 75 μU/ml exhibited 97.3% vs. 93.4% sensitivity and 80% vs. 90% specificity for insulinoma diagnosis, respectively. Regarding insulinoma, the sensitivity of localizing imaging was 88% for Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), 86% for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 82% for Computed Tomography (CT) scan, 52% for nuclear imaging, and 100% for angiography with the Doppman test. Among insulinoma patients, 79% received surgical treatment while 4% radiofrequency ablation. Symptomatic remission occurred in 100% of cases. Conclusion: We have confirmed insulinoma as the primary cause of HH. The autoimmune form should be suspected when insulin and C-peptide levels are markedly elevated.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141061356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.2174/0118715303297663240307060019
Meeramol C. Chellappan, Soumya V., Shriraam Mahadevan, M. K. Kathiravan, J. Saravanan, Soniya Naik
: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term medical illness in which the body either becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce it sufficiently. Mostly, combinatorial therapy is required to control blood glucose levels. However, combinatorial therapy has detrimental side effects. The prevalence of the cases and subsequent increases in medical costs of the same intimidate human health globally. While there have been a lot of studies focused on developing diabetic regimens that work to lower blood glucose levels, their effectiveness is short-lived because of unfavorable side effects, such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. In recent years, the PIN1 (protein interacting with NIMA) enzyme has attracted the attention of researchers. Previous studies suggested that PIN1 may act on the various substrates that are involved in the progression of T2DM and also help in the management of diabetes-related disorders. Thus, the focus of the current review is to examine the correlation between PIN1, T2DM and its related disorders and explore the possibility of developing novel therapeutic targets through PIN1 inhibition.
{"title":"Beneficial Effects of PIN1 Inhibition on Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Review","authors":"Meeramol C. Chellappan, Soumya V., Shriraam Mahadevan, M. K. Kathiravan, J. Saravanan, Soniya Naik","doi":"10.2174/0118715303297663240307060019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303297663240307060019","url":null,"abstract":": Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term medical illness in which the body either becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce it sufficiently. Mostly, combinatorial therapy is required to control blood glucose levels. However, combinatorial therapy has detrimental side effects. The prevalence of the cases and subsequent increases in medical costs of the same intimidate human health globally. While there have been a lot of studies focused on developing diabetic regimens that work to lower blood glucose levels, their effectiveness is short-lived because of unfavorable side effects, such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. In recent years, the PIN1 (protein interacting with NIMA) enzyme has attracted the attention of researchers. Previous studies suggested that PIN1 may act on the various substrates that are involved in the progression of T2DM and also help in the management of diabetes-related disorders. Thus, the focus of the current review is to examine the correlation between PIN1, T2DM and its related disorders and explore the possibility of developing novel therapeutic targets through PIN1 inhibition.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:: T1DM patients have a higher prevalence of eating disorders than the general population, and up to 30-40% of young T1DM patients suffer from an eating disorder, including diabulimia. Eating disorders worsen glycemic control and make insulin therapy management more difficult. Closed loop systems (HCLS) allow major therapeutic flexibility; however, proper carbohydrate (CHO) counting remains a fundamental feature for insulin dose adjustments. Case Report:: A 30-year-old female patient affected by T1DM (with a past medical history of drug abuse and depressive syndrome) presented with inadequate glycemic control and prandial boli management. She started a CHO counting course and had a HCLS positioned, with progressive amelioration of glycemic control. During follow-up evaluations, HCLS data showed a progressive reduction and abeyance of prandial boli; the patient also developped an excessive fear of weight gain. An integrated approach between diabetologist, psychiatrist and dietitian allowed a diagnosis of diabulimia, an eating disorder characterized by a progressive reduction and elimination of carbohydrate ingestion and insulin boli, with episodes of uncontrolled binging and purging. A multidisciplinary approach (fortnightly dietetic and psychiatric evaluations, use of bioimpedance, fixed CHO content diet) allowed the patient to reach a better glycometabolic control and disease consciousness. Conclusion:: T1DM patients need to pay great attention to food quality and quantity; hence, an eating disorder diagnosis may be challenging. Additionally, there are currently no standard screening methods for this purpose. In our experience, an integrated approach is fundamental and may be a valid strategy to face this emerging problem.
背景T1DM患者饮食失调的发病率高于普通人群，多达30-40%的年轻T1DM患者患有饮食失调，包括饮食失调症。饮食失调会恶化血糖控制，使胰岛素治疗管理变得更加困难。闭环系统（HCLS）具有很大的治疗灵活性；但是，适当的碳水化合物（CHO）计算仍然是调整胰岛素剂量的基本特征。病例报告一位 30 岁的 T1DM 女性患者（既往有药物滥用和抑郁综合征病史）因血糖控制和餐前大剂量管理不足而就诊。她开始了 CHO 计数课程，并进行了 HCLS 定位，血糖控制情况逐渐改善。在随访评估中，HCLS 数据显示血糖控制率逐渐下降，餐前血糖控制率也有所下降；患者还对体重增加产生了过度恐惧。糖尿病医生、精神科医生和营养师通过综合治疗，确诊患者患上了饮食失调症（diabulimia），这种饮食失调症的特点是碳水化合物摄入量和胰岛素容量逐渐减少和消失，并伴有不受控制的暴饮暴食。多学科方法（每两周进行一次饮食和精神评估、使用生物阻抗、固定 CHO 含量饮食）使患者获得了更好的糖代谢控制和疾病意识。结论T1DM 患者需要高度重视食物的质量和数量；因此，饮食失调的诊断可能具有挑战性。此外，目前还没有这方面的标准筛查方法。根据我们的经验，综合方法是解决这个新问题的根本，也是一种有效的策略。
{"title":"Diabulimia and Type 1 Diabetes: An Unknown and Emerging Problem","authors":"Benedetta Rivolta, Benedetta Masserini, Irene Bernardi, Antonella Camera, Federico Liboà, Sebastiano Bruno Solerte, Chiara Cerabolini, Nadia Cerutti","doi":"10.2174/0118715303314948240419060714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303314948240419060714","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: T1DM patients have a higher prevalence of eating disorders than the general population, and up to 30-40% of young T1DM patients suffer from an eating disorder, including diabulimia. Eating disorders worsen glycemic control and make insulin therapy management more difficult. Closed loop systems (HCLS) allow major therapeutic flexibility; however, proper carbohydrate (CHO) counting remains a fundamental feature for insulin dose adjustments. Case Report:: A 30-year-old female patient affected by T1DM (with a past medical history of drug abuse and depressive syndrome) presented with inadequate glycemic control and prandial boli management. She started a CHO counting course and had a HCLS positioned, with progressive amelioration of glycemic control. During follow-up evaluations, HCLS data showed a progressive reduction and abeyance of prandial boli; the patient also developped an excessive fear of weight gain. An integrated approach between diabetologist, psychiatrist and dietitian allowed a diagnosis of diabulimia, an eating disorder characterized by a progressive reduction and elimination of carbohydrate ingestion and insulin boli, with episodes of uncontrolled binging and purging. A multidisciplinary approach (fortnightly dietetic and psychiatric evaluations, use of bioimpedance, fixed CHO content diet) allowed the patient to reach a better glycometabolic control and disease consciousness. Conclusion:: T1DM patients need to pay great attention to food quality and quantity; hence, an eating disorder diagnosis may be challenging. Additionally, there are currently no standard screening methods for this purpose. In our experience, an integrated approach is fundamental and may be a valid strategy to face this emerging problem.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.2174/0118715303266569231129101847
Stephanie Farah, Leah Nasr, Jocelyne Eid Fares
Background: A far more common disease than Cushing’s syndrome is subclinical hypercortisolism or mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), with an overall prevalence of 0.2-2%. Objective: This review aims to shed light on the prevalence, screening and diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, and management of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS). Methods: Studies eligible targeted MACS regarding prevalence, screening, comorbidities, management, and clinical outcome. This is a mini-review. IRB approval was not needed. Results: The 1 mg Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) remains the first screening test. MACS is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and renal outcomes, osteoporosis and osteopenia, immunodeficiency, depression, coagulopathy, and sarcopenia. Surgery is the gold standard treatment. Medical therapy is recommended when surgery is contraindicated or not feasible. Clinically silent hypercortisolism is a frequent entity that necessitates early detection and treatment. The production of cortisol should be looked at as a spectrum where subtle, undetectable levels can still be produced. They know its association with adverse health outcomes. Conclusion: MACS is no longer considered an asymptomatic disorder; repeated hormonal and functional tests are crucial to prevent multiorgan damage.
{"title":"An Overlooked Disease: Minimal Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS). A Narrative Review","authors":"Stephanie Farah, Leah Nasr, Jocelyne Eid Fares","doi":"10.2174/0118715303266569231129101847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303266569231129101847","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A far more common disease than Cushing’s syndrome is subclinical hypercortisolism or mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), with an overall prevalence of 0.2-2%. Objective: This review aims to shed light on the prevalence, screening and diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, and management of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS). Methods: Studies eligible targeted MACS regarding prevalence, screening, comorbidities, management, and clinical outcome. This is a mini-review. IRB approval was not needed. Results: The 1 mg Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) remains the first screening test. MACS is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and renal outcomes, osteoporosis and osteopenia, immunodeficiency, depression, coagulopathy, and sarcopenia. Surgery is the gold standard treatment. Medical therapy is recommended when surgery is contraindicated or not feasible. Clinically silent hypercortisolism is a frequent entity that necessitates early detection and treatment. The production of cortisol should be looked at as a spectrum where subtle, undetectable levels can still be produced. They know its association with adverse health outcomes. Conclusion: MACS is no longer considered an asymptomatic disorder; repeated hormonal and functional tests are crucial to prevent multiorgan damage.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.2174/0118715303315494240419060719
Alberto Ragni, Giulia Bendotti, Emilia Biamonte, Beatrice Cavigiolo, Enrico Gabellieri, Paola Leporati, Edoardo Luigi Maria Mollero, Marco Gallo
Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) can arise from haemorrhage or ischaemia of pituitary tissue and is characterized by abrupt onset of headache, visual impairment and hypopituitarism. COVID-19 may be associated with various degrees of vascular complications and, recently, its relationship with PA has been suggested. <P></P> Cases Presentation <P></P> Case 1: A 64-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease was admitted to the ER, after several days of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, with symptoms of PA of a known non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. The hormonal panel was consistent with anterior panhypopituitarism and the sellar MRI showed haemorrhagic changes of macroadenoma tissue. Transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary lesion was carried out seven days after admission. Although a volumetric reduction of the lesion was apparent during follow-up, some degree of visual symptoms endured. <P></P> Case 2: An 18-year-old, otherwise healthy, female presented to the ER with symptoms of PA of a recently-diagnosed non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, after ten days of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Central hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism were diagnosed and, after six days, the lesion was surgically resected. At two months follow-up, clinical symptoms had completely resolved, and the hormonal panel was normal. <P></P> Conclusion: Alongside known risk factors (hypertension, anticoagulation, pregnancy, surgery, etc.), COVID-19 infection might represent an emerging predisposing factor for PA onset. The two cases hereby presented are both significant: the first confirms the role of “classic” vascular predisposing factors for PA, while the second demonstrates that PA might arise also in young patients without known risk factors.
背景：垂体性脑瘫（PA）可由垂体组织出血或缺血引起，其特点是突然出现头痛、视力障碍和垂体功能减退。COVID-19 可能与不同程度的血管并发症有关，最近有人提出它与 PA 的关系。 <P></P>病例介绍 <P></P>病例 1：一名 64 岁男性，患有 2 型糖尿病、高血压和冠心病，在感染 COVID-19 多天后，因已知无功能垂体大腺瘤的 PA 症状而被送入急诊室。激素检测结果与前垂体功能减退症一致，蝶鞍磁共振成像显示大腺瘤组织有出血性改变。入院七天后，对垂体病灶进行了经蝶窦切除术。病例 2：一名 18 岁、身体健康的女性因最近确诊的无功能垂体大腺瘤 PA 症状来到急诊室就诊，此前她已感染 COVID-19 十天，无症状。确诊为中枢性皮质醇减少症和甲状腺功能减退症，六天后，手术切除了病灶。随访两个月后，临床症状完全消失，激素检测结果正常：除了已知的危险因素（高血压、抗凝、妊娠、手术等），COVID-19 感染可能是 PA 发病的一个新的易感因素。本文介绍的两个病例都具有重要意义：第一个病例证实了 "经典 "血管诱发因素对 PA 的作用，而第二个病例则表明 PA 也可能发生在没有已知危险因素的年轻患者身上。
{"title":"SARS-Cov-2 Infection: A New Risk Factor for Pituitary Apoplexy?","authors":"Alberto Ragni, Giulia Bendotti, Emilia Biamonte, Beatrice Cavigiolo, Enrico Gabellieri, Paola Leporati, Edoardo Luigi Maria Mollero, Marco Gallo","doi":"10.2174/0118715303315494240419060719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303315494240419060719","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) can arise from haemorrhage or ischaemia of pituitary tissue and is characterized by abrupt onset of headache, visual impairment and hypopituitarism. COVID-19 may be associated with various degrees of vascular complications and, recently, its relationship with PA has been suggested. <P></P> Cases Presentation <P></P> Case 1: A 64-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease was admitted to the ER, after several days of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, with symptoms of PA of a known non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. The hormonal panel was consistent with anterior panhypopituitarism and the sellar MRI showed haemorrhagic changes of macroadenoma tissue. Transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary lesion was carried out seven days after admission. Although a volumetric reduction of the lesion was apparent during follow-up, some degree of visual symptoms endured. <P></P> Case 2: An 18-year-old, otherwise healthy, female presented to the ER with symptoms of PA of a recently-diagnosed non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, after ten days of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Central hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism were diagnosed and, after six days, the lesion was surgically resected. At two months follow-up, clinical symptoms had completely resolved, and the hormonal panel was normal. <P></P> Conclusion: Alongside known risk factors (hypertension, anticoagulation, pregnancy, surgery, etc.), COVID-19 infection might represent an emerging predisposing factor for PA onset. The two cases hereby presented are both significant: the first confirms the role of “classic” vascular predisposing factors for PA, while the second demonstrates that PA might arise also in young patients without known risk factors.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.2174/0118715303308277240419062634
Francesco Di Marco, Claudio Cusini, Anna Ferrulli, Giovanni Mauri, Livio Luzi
Background:: Currently, parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment for Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Surgical treatment is often effective, although not free of complications and relapses. Minimally invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation (MWA) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), are an alternative to surgery in selected patients. We have, herein, reported on the successful use of RFA in a patient with post-surgical persistent hyperparathyroidism. Case Presentation:: A 54-year-old woman was referred to our Center for mild hypercalcemia with exams revealing Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Neck ultrasound and Technetium- 99 Methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy scanning revealed a suspicious right parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma. She underwent parathyroidectomy and histological examination showed a parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. During the follow-up, she suffered from persistent hyperparathyroidism due to the treatment of left parathyroid hypoplasia with RFA. Blood tests after the procedure showed the remission of the disease 7 months post-treatment. Conclusion:: A minimally invasive technique for PHPT may represent a valid alternative to surgery, especially in patients with an elevated surgery-related risk. More studies are necessary to investigate the benefit of RFA as a first-line treatment in PHPT.
{"title":"Post-surgical Persistent Hyperparathyroidism Successfully Treated with Parathyroid Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report","authors":"Francesco Di Marco, Claudio Cusini, Anna Ferrulli, Giovanni Mauri, Livio Luzi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303308277240419062634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303308277240419062634","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Currently, parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment for Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Surgical treatment is often effective, although not free of complications and relapses. Minimally invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation (MWA) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), are an alternative to surgery in selected patients. We have, herein, reported on the successful use of RFA in a patient with post-surgical persistent hyperparathyroidism. Case Presentation:: A 54-year-old woman was referred to our Center for mild hypercalcemia with exams revealing Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Neck ultrasound and Technetium- 99 Methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy scanning revealed a suspicious right parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma. She underwent parathyroidectomy and histological examination showed a parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. During the follow-up, she suffered from persistent hyperparathyroidism due to the treatment of left parathyroid hypoplasia with RFA. Blood tests after the procedure showed the remission of the disease 7 months post-treatment. Conclusion:: A minimally invasive technique for PHPT may represent a valid alternative to surgery, especially in patients with an elevated surgery-related risk. More studies are necessary to investigate the benefit of RFA as a first-line treatment in PHPT.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.2174/0118715303280532240415094718
Sally A. Elekhtiar, Maha Mohamed Abo Gazia, Azza I. Helal, Hala Mahfouz, Nesma M. El-Kemary, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Samar Elksass, Hend A. Alkabes, Maged El-Kemary, Marwa M Abd-Elsalam
Background:: Diabetic wound represents a serious issue with a substantial impact and an exceptionally complex pathology affecting patients’ mental health and quality of life. So, we have developed a novel 3D organo-hydrogel nanocomposite of polydopamine/TiO2 nanoparticles and cu (PDA-TiO2@Cu) and examined its efficacy in diabetic wound healing. Methods:: Forty-five adult male albino rats were divided into normal control rats (non-diabetic rats with non-treated skin wounds), diabetic control rats (diabetic rats with non-treated skin wounds), and organo-hydrogel-treated rats (diabetic wounds treated with topically applied organo- hydrogel once daily). Macroscopic changes of the wound were observed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 to measure wound diameters. Skin specimens from the wound tissue were taken on days 3, 7, and 10, respectively, and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Also, the gene expressions of collagen I, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were assessed. Results:: Our observed results indicated that the developed patch significantly accelerated the healing time compared to the normal control and diabetic control groups. Moreover, the patchloaded group revealed complete re-epithelization and a highly significant increase in the mean area % of CD31 immunostaining on day 7. The organo-hydrogel-loaded group displayed a significant decrease in gene expression of MMP-9 and a significant increase in gene expression of EGF and collagen I. Additionally, the organo-hydrogel-loaded group exhibited a significant decrease in levels of IL-6 and a significant increase in levels of SOD, compared to the normal diabetic control groups. Conclusion:: The organo-hydrogel can be used for treating and decreasing the healing period of diabetic wounds.
{"title":"Acceleration of Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats through a Novel 3D Organo-Hydrogel Nanocomposite of Polydopamine/TiO2 Nanoparticles and Cu (PDA-TiO2@Cu)","authors":"Sally A. Elekhtiar, Maha Mohamed Abo Gazia, Azza I. Helal, Hala Mahfouz, Nesma M. El-Kemary, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Samar Elksass, Hend A. Alkabes, Maged El-Kemary, Marwa M Abd-Elsalam","doi":"10.2174/0118715303280532240415094718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303280532240415094718","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Diabetic wound represents a serious issue with a substantial impact and an exceptionally complex pathology affecting patients’ mental health and quality of life. So, we have developed a novel 3D organo-hydrogel nanocomposite of polydopamine/TiO2 nanoparticles and cu (PDA-TiO2@Cu) and examined its efficacy in diabetic wound healing. Methods:: Forty-five adult male albino rats were divided into normal control rats (non-diabetic rats with non-treated skin wounds), diabetic control rats (diabetic rats with non-treated skin wounds), and organo-hydrogel-treated rats (diabetic wounds treated with topically applied organo- hydrogel once daily). Macroscopic changes of the wound were observed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 to measure wound diameters. Skin specimens from the wound tissue were taken on days 3, 7, and 10, respectively, and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Also, the gene expressions of collagen I, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were assessed. Results:: Our observed results indicated that the developed patch significantly accelerated the healing time compared to the normal control and diabetic control groups. Moreover, the patchloaded group revealed complete re-epithelization and a highly significant increase in the mean area % of CD31 immunostaining on day 7. The organo-hydrogel-loaded group displayed a significant decrease in gene expression of MMP-9 and a significant increase in gene expression of EGF and collagen I. Additionally, the organo-hydrogel-loaded group exhibited a significant decrease in levels of IL-6 and a significant increase in levels of SOD, compared to the normal diabetic control groups. Conclusion:: The organo-hydrogel can be used for treating and decreasing the healing period of diabetic wounds.","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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