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Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and respiratory health in an Inuit community. 因纽特人社区中的全氟和多氟烷基物质与呼吸系统健康。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01126-7
Amira Aker, Yohann Courtemanche, Pierre Ayotte, Philippe Robert, Éric Gaudreau, Mélanie Lemire

Background: Concentrations of plasma per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are elevated in the Inuit population of Nunavik and may be causing adverse health effects. Respiratory health outcomes have been associated with PFAS, but have not been explored in Inuit communities. The aim of the study was to examine the association between PFAS and respiratory health outcomes, and the moderating role of nutritional biomarkers.

Methods: We included up to 1298 participants of the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 survey aged 16-80 years. Generalized regression models were used to estimate the associations between six individual PFAS congeners and four self-reported symptoms, four spirometry measures, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Outcomes associated with PFAS from single chemical models were further explored using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). The modifying effect of n-3 PUFA in red blood cell quartiles and vitamin D deficiency were examined on the associations between PFAS and respiratory outcomes.

Results: PFNA and PFOS were associated with asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 2.32; OR 1.45 95% CI 1.04, 2.03). PFOA, PFNA, PFDA and PFHxS were associated with a decrease in the ratio between the forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). No associations were observed with self-reported respiratory symptoms. No associations were observed between a PFAS mixture and asthma. Some associations were modified by nutritional factors, namely, stronger associations between PFOA and PFHxS and asthma with lower n-3 PUFA levels and stronger associations between PFDA, PFUnDA and PFOS and FEV1/FVC with vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion: These findings add to the growing literature on the impacts of PFAS on respiratory health, and the importance of their global regulation. Associations were modified by nutritional factors pointing to the nutritional value of traditional Inuit foods.

背景:努纳维克因纽特人血浆中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)浓度升高,可能会对健康造成不良影响。呼吸系统的健康状况与全氟烷基磺酸盐有关,但尚未在因纽特人社区进行过研究。本研究旨在探讨全氟辛烷磺酸与呼吸系统健康后果之间的关系,以及营养生物标志物的调节作用:我们纳入了多达 1298 名年龄在 16-80 岁之间的 Qanuilirirpitaa?采用广义回归模型估算了六种全氟辛烷磺酸同系物与四种自我报告症状、四种肺活量测量和医生诊断的哮喘之间的关联。使用贝叶斯核机器回归(BKMR)进一步探讨了单一化学模型中与 PFAS 相关的结果。还研究了红细胞四分位数中的 n-3 PUFA 和维生素 D 缺乏对 PFAS 与呼吸系统结果之间关系的调节作用:结果:PFNA 和 PFOS 与哮喘有关(几率比(OR)1.61,95% 置信区间(CI)1.12,2.32;OR 1.45,95% 置信区间(CI)1.04,2.03)。PFOA、PFNA、PFDA 和 PFHxS 与第一秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)之比下降有关。未观察到与自我报告的呼吸道症状有关。未发现全氟辛烷磺酸混合物与哮喘之间存在关联。一些关联因营养因素而改变,即 PFOA 和 PFHxS 与 n-3 PUFA 水平较低的哮喘之间的关联较强,PFDA、PFUnDA 和 PFOS 与维生素 D 缺乏的 FEV1/FVC 之间的关联较强:这些发现丰富了有关全氟辛烷磺酸对呼吸系统健康的影响以及对其进行全球监管的重要性的文献。营养因素改变了相关性,这表明传统因纽特食品具有营养价值。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment. 手机射频电磁辐射与脑肿瘤之间的关系:使用各种射频电磁辐射暴露代用指标进行荟萃分析--结果评估。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01117-8
Jinyoung Moon, Jungmin Kwon, Yongseok Mun

Introduction: The authors conducted meta-analyses regarding the association between cellular and mobile phone use and brain tumor development by applying various radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure subcategories. With changing patterns of mobile phone use and rapidly developing Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology (such as Bluetooth), this study will provide insight into the importance of more precise exposure subcategories for RF-EMR.

Methods: The medical librarian searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library until 16 December 2020.

Results: In these meta-analyses, 19 case-control studies and five cohort studies were included. Ipsilateral users reported a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.40 (95% CI 1.21-1.62) compared to non-regular users. Users with years of use over 10 years reported a pooled OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.08-1.48). When stratified by each type of brain tumor, only meningioma (OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.39)), glioma (OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.16-1.82)), and malignant brain tumors (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.55-2.39)) showed an increased OR with statistical significance for ipsilateral users. For users with years of use over 10 years, only glioma (OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.01-1.71)) showed an increased OR with statistical significance. When 11 studies with an OR with cumulative hours of use over 896 h were synthesized, the pooled OR was 1.59 (95% CI 1.25-2.02). When stratified by each type of brain tumor, glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma reported the pooled OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.13-2.44), 1.29 (95% CI 1.08-1.54), and 1.84 (95% CI 0.78-4.37), respectively. For each individual study that considered cumulative hours of use, the highest OR for glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma was 2.89 (1.41-5.93) (both side use, > 896 h), 2.57 (1.02-6.44) (both side use, > 896 h), and 3.53 (1.59-7.82) (ipsilateral use, > 1640 h), respectively. For five cohort studies, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for all CNS tumors, glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma, were statistically equivocal, respectively. However, the point estimates for acoustic neuroma showed a rather increased pooled RR for ever-use (1.26) and over 10 years of use (1.61) compared to never-use, respectively.

Discussion: In this meta-analysis, as the exposure subcategory used became more concrete, the pooled ORs demonstrated higher values with statistical significance. Although the meta-analysis of cohort studies yielded statistically inconclusive pooled effect estimates, (i) as the number of studies included grows and (ii) as the applied exposure subcategories become more concrete, the pooled RRs could show a different aspect in future research. Additionally, future studies should thoroughly account for changing patterns in mobile phone use and the growing use of earphones or headphones with WPAN technology.

简介作者通过应用各种射频电磁辐射(RF-EMR)暴露子类别,对手机和移动电话的使用与脑肿瘤发展之间的关系进行了荟萃分析。随着移动电话使用模式的变化和无线个人局域网(WPAN)技术(如蓝牙)的快速发展,本研究将深入探讨更精确的射频电磁辐射暴露子类别的重要性:医学图书管理员检索了 MEDLINE (PubMed)、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆,直至 2020 年 12 月 16 日:在这些荟萃分析中,共纳入了 19 项病例对照研究和 5 项队列研究。与非定期使用者相比,双侧使用者的合并几率比(OR)为 1.40(95% CI 1.21-1.62)。使用年限超过 10 年的使用者报告的集合 OR 为 1.27(95% CI 1.08-1.48)。按脑肿瘤类型进行分层时,只有脑膜瘤(OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.39))、胶质瘤(OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.16-1.82))和恶性脑肿瘤(OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.55-2.39))的同侧使用者的OR值增加,且具有统计学意义。对于使用年限超过 10 年的使用者,只有胶质瘤(OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.01-1.71))的 OR 值增加,且具有统计学意义。如果对累计使用时间超过 896 小时且 OR 值为 1.59(95% CI 1.25-2.02)的 11 项研究进行综合,则汇总 OR 值为 1.59(95% CI 1.25-2.02)。当按脑肿瘤类型进行分层时,胶质瘤、脑膜瘤和听神经瘤的集合 OR 分别为 1.66(95% CI 1.13-2.44)、1.29(95% CI 1.08-1.54)和 1.84(95% CI 0.78-4.37)。在考虑累积使用时间的各项研究中,胶质瘤、脑膜瘤和听神经瘤的最高OR值分别为2.89(1.41-5.93)(双侧使用,>896小时)、2.57(1.02-6.44)(双侧使用,>896小时)和3.53(1.59-7.82)(同侧使用,>1640小时)。在五项队列研究中,所有中枢神经系统肿瘤、胶质瘤、脑膜瘤和听神经瘤的汇总风险比(RRs)在统计学上分别是等效的。然而,听神经瘤的点估计值显示,与从未使用相比,曾经使用(1.26)和使用 10 年以上(1.61)的风险比分别增加了:在这项荟萃分析中,随着所使用的暴露子类别变得更加具体,集合 ORs 显示出更高的数值,并具有统计学意义。虽然对队列研究的荟萃分析得出的集合效应估计值在统计学上没有定论,但(i) 随着纳入研究的数量增加,(ii) 随着所使用的暴露亚类变得更加具体,集合 RRs 在未来的研究中可能会显示出不同的方面。此外,未来的研究应充分考虑移动电话使用模式的变化以及越来越多地使用带有 WPAN 技术的耳机或耳机。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing visual field loss from past mercury exposure in an Indigenous riverine community (Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada): a cluster-based approach. 描述一个土著沿河社区(加拿大 Grassy Narrows 原住民)过去因接触汞而造成的视野缺损:一种基于聚类的方法。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01119-6
Aline Philibert, Benoit Tousignant, Myriam Fillion, Judy Da Silva, Donna Mergler

Background: Between 1962 and 1975, a chlor-alkali plant in Canada discharged approximately 9 metric tons of mercury (Hg) into the Wabigoon River. Over the following decades, biomarkers of Hg exposure of persons from Grassy Narrows First Nation (Asubpeeschoseewagong Anishinabek), located downriver from the discharge, reflected Hg concentrations in fish. Hg exposure is known to target the calcarine fissure, resulting in visual field (VF) loss. Most studies and clinical reports focus solely on peripheral VF loss; little is known about the impact of Hg on the central and paracentral portions. The present study sought to characterize the patterns of VF loss with respect to past and current Hg.

Methods: A 28-year hair-Hg (HHg) database, created from a 1970-97 government biomonitoring program, served to select study participants with ≥ 4 year-based HHg measurements (n = 81). Blood-Hg was assessed for current exposure. Light sensitivity thresholds across the VF were analyzed monocularly, using a Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). Following post-hoc exclusions, based on HFA interpretation indices, 65 participants were retained. Both eyes were combined for analyses (n = 130 eyes). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of HFA plot data was used to identify patterns of VF loss. A series of mixed effects models (MEM) were performed to test the associations for current Hg exposure with respect to HFA interpretation indices and clusters, as well as for longitudinal past Hg exposure.

Results: The clustering approach decomposed the light sensitivity deficits into 5 concentric clusters, with greatest loss in the peripheral clusters. No relation was observed between any of the cluster scores and current blood-Hg. VF deficits increased with past Hg exposure. Longitudinal MEM showed that HHg was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with all peripheral, paracentral, and central cluster scores, as well as with HFA interpretation indices.

Conclusions: Past Hg exposure in Grassy Narrows First Nation was associated with present day VF loss. The cluster-based location-specific approach identified patterns of VF loss associated with long-term Hg exposure, in both the peripheral and the central areas. The functional implications of this type of visual loss should be investigated.

背景:1962 年至 1975 年间,加拿大一家氯碱厂向瓦比古恩河排放了约 9 公吨汞(Hg)。在随后的几十年里,位于排放口下游的 Grassy Narrows 原住民(Asubpeeschoseewagong Anishinabek)的生物标志物反映了鱼类体内的汞浓度。众所周知,汞接触会刺激钙化裂隙,导致视野(VF)缺损。大多数研究和临床报告只关注周边视野缺损,而对汞对中央和旁中央部分的影响知之甚少。本研究试图描述与过去和现在的汞有关的视野缺损模式:从 1970-97 年的政府生物监测计划中创建了一个为期 28 年的毛发汞(HHg)数据库,该数据库用于筛选出 HHg 测量值≥ 4 年的研究参与者(n = 81)。对当前暴露的血汞进行了评估。使用汉弗莱视场分析仪(HFA)对整个视场的光敏感阈值进行单眼分析。根据 HFA 解释指数进行事后排除后,保留了 65 名参与者。双眼合并进行分析(n = 130 眼)。HFA 图数据的无监督分层聚类用于识别 VF 损失的模式。采用一系列混合效应模型(MEM)来检验当前汞暴露与HFA解释指数和聚类的关联,以及过去汞暴露的纵向关联:聚类方法将光敏感性缺陷分解为 5 个同心聚类,外围聚类的损失最大。没有观察到任何聚类得分与当前血汞之间的关系。VF 缺陷随过去的汞暴露而增加。纵向 MEM 显示,HHg 显著(p 结论):Grassy Narrows 原住民过去的汞暴露与目前的视力丧失有关。基于聚类的位置特异性方法确定了与长期汞暴露相关的外周和中心区域视力丧失模式。这种视力损失的功能影响有待研究。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiologic and clinical features of cyanobacteria harmful algal bloom exposures reported to the National Poison Data System, United States, 2010-2022: a descriptive analysis. 2010-2022 年向美国国家毒物数据系统报告的蓝藻有害藻华暴露的流行病学和临床特征:描述性分析。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01121-y
Rebecca A Bloch, Michael C Beuhler, Elizabeth D Hilborn, Grace Faulkner, Sarah Rhea

Background: Harmful algal bloom occurrences have been increasingly reported globally and over time. Exposure to the variety of toxins and co-contaminants that may be present in harmful algal blooms can cause illness and even death. Poison control data is a valuable public health information source that has been used to characterize many types of toxin exposures, including harmful algal blooms. Prior studies have been limited by location and time, and knowledge gaps remain regarding cyanobacteria harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) exposure circumstances, and the breadth and severity of associated clinical effect.

Methods: The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologic and clinical features of cyanoHAB exposure cases reported to 55 US poison control centers and available in the National Poison Data System (NPDS). We identified 4260 NPDS cyanoHAB exposure cases reported from 2010 to 2022, including symptomatic exposure cases with and without clinical effects related to the exposure and asymptomatic exposure cases. We assessed demographics; exposure routes, locations, chronicity; clinical effects; and medical outcomes. We calculated case rates annually and 13-year case rates by US geographic division.

Results: Over half of cyanoHAB exposure cases were children < 20 years old (n = 2175). Most cyanoHABs exposures occurred in a "public area" (n = 2902, 68.1%); most were acute (≤ 8 h) (n = 3824, 89.8%). Dermal and ingestion routes and gastrointestinal effects predominated. 2% (n = 102) of cases experienced a moderate or major medical outcome; no deaths were reported. National rates increased from 0.4 cases/1 million (1 M) person-years in 2010 to 1.4 cases/1 M person-years in 2022. The Mountain division had the highest 13-year rate (7.8 cases/1 M person-years).

Conclusions: CyanoHAB exposure case rates increased 2010-2022, despite a decrease in all-cause exposure cases during the same period. NPDS data provide valuable public health information for characterization of cyanoHAB exposures, an emerging public health challenge.

背景:随着时间的推移,全球有关有害藻华发生的报道越来越多。接触有害藻华中可能存在的各种毒素和共污染物会导致疾病甚至死亡。毒物控制数据是宝贵的公共卫生信息来源,已被用于描述多种类型的毒素暴露,包括有害藻华。之前的研究受到地点和时间的限制,在蓝藻有害藻华(cyanoHAB)暴露情况以及相关临床效应的广度和严重性方面仍存在知识空白:本研究的目的是描述 55 个美国毒物控制中心报告的、国家毒物数据系统 (NPDS) 中的蓝藻有害藻华暴露病例的流行病学和临床特征。我们确定了 2010 年至 2022 年期间报告的 4260 例 NPDS cyanoHAB 暴露病例,包括有症状和无症状的暴露病例,以及与暴露相关的临床影响和无症状的暴露病例。我们评估了人口统计学;暴露途径、地点、长期性;临床影响和医疗结果。我们按美国地理分区计算了每年的病例率和 13 年的病例率:结果:一半以上的蓝藻-HAB 暴露病例是儿童:2010-2022 年期间,尽管全因暴露病例有所减少,但氰基有害藻华暴露病例率却有所上升。NPDS 数据为描述新出现的公共卫生挑战--氰基有害藻华暴露的特征提供了宝贵的公共卫生信息。
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引用次数: 0
Occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy and child behavior from early childhood to adolescence. 怀孕期间接触有机溶剂与儿童从幼儿期到青春期的行为。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01120-z
Hélène Tillaut, Nathalie Costet, Christine Monfort, Rémi Béranger, Ronan Garlantézec, Florence Rouget, Sylvaine Cordier, Dave Saint-Amour, Cécile Chevrier

Background: Organic solvents are used in formulating an extensive range of products for professional use. Animal and human studies suggest that in utero solvent exposure may affect neurodevelopment. Our objective was to assess the association between occupational exposure to solvents during pregnancy and child behavior aged 2-12 years.

Methods: The French mother-child cohort PELAGIE (2002-2006) included 3,421 women recruited in early pregnancy. Occupational exposure to solvents was self-reported. For 459 children, parents used a questionnaire derived from the Child Behavior Checklist and the Preschool Social Behavior Questionnaire to assess their child's behavior, at age 2, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 6 and 12. A cross-lagged structural equation modeling approach was used to assess direct and indirect associations between exposure and child behavior.

Results: At age 2, an increased externalizing behavior score was suggested with prenatal exposure to solvents (mean change in standardized score (95%CI): 0.28 (-0.01, 0.57) for occasional exposure and 0.23 (-0.05, 0.51) for regular exposure). At ages 6 and 12, distinct sex-specific patterns were observed: among boys, no association with externalizing behavior was observed, while among girls, an association was seen for both occasional and regular exposure (total effect at age 12: 0.45 (0.06,0.83) and 0.40 (0.03, 0.76), respectively). For both sexes, occasional exposure may be associated with internalizing behavior at ages 6 and 12 (total effect at age 6: 0.37 (0.06, 0.68) and at age 12: 0.27 (-0.08, 0.62)).

Conclusions: Occupational exposure to solvents during pregnancy may impact child behavior through either direct or cumulative effects during childhood; these associations may persist until early adolescence, especially among girls.

背景:有机溶剂被广泛用于配制各种专业用途的产品。动物和人体研究表明,子宫内接触溶剂可能会影响神经发育。我们的目的是评估孕期职业性接触溶剂与 2-12 岁儿童行为之间的关联:法国母子队列 PELAGIE(2002-2006 年)包括 3421 名怀孕早期的妇女。职业性接触溶剂的情况为自我报告。在 459 名儿童中,父母使用儿童行为检查表和学龄前社会行为问卷对其 2 岁时的行为进行评估,并使用优势和困难问卷对其 6 岁和 12 岁时的行为进行评估。研究采用交叉滞后结构方程模型法来评估暴露与儿童行为之间的直接和间接联系:2 岁时,产前接触溶剂会增加外化行为得分(标准化得分的平均变化(95%CI):偶尔接触为 0.28 (-0.01, 0.57),经常接触为 0.23 (-0.05, 0.51))。在 6 岁和 12 岁时,观察到了明显的性别特异性模式:在男孩中,没有观察到与外化行为的关联,而在女孩中,偶尔接触和经常接触都有关联(12 岁时的总效应分别为 0.45(0.06,0.83)和 0.40(0.03,0.76))。对于男女儿童而言,偶尔接触溶剂可能与他们 6 岁和 12 岁时的内化行为有关(6 岁时的总效应:0.37(0.06,0.68);12 岁时的总效应:0.27(-0.08,0.62)):结论:怀孕期间接触溶剂可能会通过直接或累积效应影响儿童在童年时期的行为;这些关联可能会持续到青春期早期,尤其是女孩。
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引用次数: 0
Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal and fetal thyroid function: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. 产前暴露于空气污染与母体和胎儿甲状腺功能:流行病学证据的系统回顾。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01116-9
Catherine O'Donnell, Erin J Campbell, Sabrina McCormick, Susan C Anenberg

Background: Exposure to ambient air pollution is a top risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Pregnant persons and their developing fetuses are particularly susceptible to adverse health outcomes associated with air pollution exposures. During pregnancy, the thyroid plays a critical role in fetal development, producing thyroid hormones that are associated with brain development. Our objective is to systematically review recent literature that investigates how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects maternal and fetal thyroid function.

Methods: Following the Navigation Guide Framework, we systematically reviewed peer-reviewed journal articles that examined prenatal exposures to air pollution and outcomes related to maternal and fetal thyroid function, evaluated the risk of bias for individual studies, and synthesized the overall quality and strength of the evidence.

Results: We found 19 studies that collected data on pregnancy exposure windows spanning preconception to full term from 1999 to 2020 across nine countries. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was most frequently and significantly positively associated with fetal/neonatal thyroid hormone concentrations, and inversely associated with maternal thyroid hormone concentrations. To a lesser extent, traffic-related air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had significant effects on fetal/neonatal thyroid function but no significant effects on maternal thyroid function. However, the body of literature is challenged by risk of bias in exposure assessment methods and in the evaluation of confounding variables, and there is an inconsistency amongst effect estimates. Thus, using the definitions provided by the objective Navigation Guide Framework, we have concluded that there is limited, low quality evidence pertaining to the effects of prenatal air pollution exposure on maternal and fetal thyroid function.

Conclusion: To improve the quality of the body of evidence, future research should seek to enhance exposure assessment methods by integrating personal monitoring and high-quality exposure data (e.g., using spatiotemporally resolved satellite observations and statistical modeling) and outcome assessment methods by measuring a range of thyroid hormones throughout the course of pregnancy.

背景:暴露于环境空气污染是造成全球疾病负担的首要风险因素。孕妇及其发育中的胎儿尤其容易受到与空气污染暴露相关的不良健康后果的影响。在怀孕期间,甲状腺在胎儿发育中起着至关重要的作用,它产生的甲状腺激素与大脑发育有关。我们的目的是系统地回顾近期研究产前暴露于空气污染如何影响母体和胎儿甲状腺功能的文献:按照《导航指南框架》,我们系统地回顾了同行评议的期刊文章,这些文章研究了产前暴露于空气污染以及与母体和胎儿甲状腺功能相关的结果,评估了单项研究的偏倚风险,并综合了证据的整体质量和强度:我们找到了 19 项研究,这些研究收集了 9 个国家从 1999 年到 2020 年从孕前到足月期间妊娠暴露窗口的数据。细颗粒物(PM2.5)暴露与胎儿/新生儿甲状腺激素浓度呈显著正相关,与孕产妇甲状腺激素浓度呈反相关。交通相关空气污染物(如二氧化氮)对胎儿/新生儿甲状腺功能的影响较小,但对母体甲状腺功能无明显影响。然而,这些文献在暴露评估方法和混杂变量评估方面存在偏差风险,而且效果估计值也不一致。因此,根据客观导航指南框架提供的定义,我们得出结论:产前空气污染暴露对母体和胎儿甲状腺功能影响的证据有限且质量不高:为了提高证据的质量,未来的研究应通过整合个人监测和高质量的暴露数据(如使用时空分辨卫星观测和统计建模)来加强暴露评估方法,并通过在整个孕期测量一系列甲状腺激素来加强结果评估方法。
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引用次数: 0
High arsenic contamination in the breast milk of mothers inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: a major health risk to infants. 居住在比哈尔邦恒河平原的母亲的母乳中含有大量砷:对婴儿健康构成重大威胁。
IF 5.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01115-w
Arun Kumar, Radhika Agarwal, Kanhaiya Kumar, Nirmal Kumar Chayal, Mohammad Ali, Abhinav Srivastava, Mukesh Kumar, Pintoo Kumar Niraj, Siddhant Aryal, Dhruv Kumar, Akhouri Bishwapriya, Shreya Singh, Tejasvi Pandey, Kumar Sambhav Verma, Santosh Kumar, Manisha Singh, Ashok Kumar Ghosh

Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants' urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child's urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (< 50 µg/L) in 67% of the studied children from the arsenic exposed regions. Concerningly, the rate at which arsenic is eliminated from an infant's body via urine in real time was only 50%. This arsenic exposure to young infants has caused potential risks and future health implications. Moreover, the arsenic content was also very high in the analyzed staple food samples such as rice, wheat and potato which is the major cause for arsenic contamination in breastmilk. The study advocates for prompt action to address the issue and implement stringent legislative measures in order to mitigate and eradicate this pressing problem that has implications for future generations.

地下水砷中毒对接触砷的人群造成了严重的健康危害。本研究旨在评估比哈尔邦儿科人群从母乳中摄入砷的情况。本研究共选取了 513 名妇女。其中,378 名妇女在征得同意后为研究提供了母乳,58 名受试者未哺乳但患有某种疾病,77 名受试者拒绝提供母乳样本。因此,她们被选中进行妇女健康研究。此外,还收集了 n = 184 名婴儿的尿液样本,用于人体砷暴露研究。研究显示,接触砷的妇女(55%)母乳中的砷含量明显高于世界卫生组织允许的 0.64 微克/升,其次是作为生物标记的尿液和血液样本。此外,儿童尿液中的砷含量也高于允许限值(0.64 微克/升)。
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引用次数: 0
Association of same-day urinary phenol levels and cardiac electrical alterations: analysis of the Fernald Community Cohort 当日尿酚水平与心电变化的关系:费纳尔德社区队列分析
IF 6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01114-x
Jack Rubinstein, Susan M. Pinney, Changchun Xie, Hong-Sheng Wang
Exposure to phenols has been linked in animal models and human populations to cardiac function alterations and cardiovascular diseases, although their effects on cardiac electrical properties in humans remains to be established. This study aimed to identify changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters associated with environmental phenol exposure in adults of a midwestern large cohort known as the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC). During the day of the first comprehensive medical examination, urine samples were obtained, and electrocardiograms were recorded. Cross-sectional linear regression analyses were performed. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) were both associated with a longer PR interval, an indication of delayed atrial-to-ventricle conduction, in females (p < 0.05) but not males. BPA combined with BPF was associated with an increase QRS duration, an indication of delayed ventricular activation, in females (P < 0.05) but not males. Higher triclocarban (TCC) level was associated with longer QTc interval, an indication of delayed ventricular repolarization, in males (P < 0.01) but not females. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with a significant increase in PR and QTc intervals and ventricular rate in females and in ventricular rate in males. In females, the combined effect of being in the top tertile for both BPA urinary concentration and BMI was an estimate of a 10% increase in PR interval. No associations were found with the other phenols. Higher exposure to some phenols was associated with alterations of cardiac electrical properties in a sex specific manner in the Fernald cohort. Our population-based findings correlate directly with clinically relevant parameters that are associated with known pathophysiologic cardiac conditions in humans.
在动物模型和人类群体中,接触酚类物质与心脏功能改变和心血管疾病有关,但酚类物质对人体心电特性的影响仍有待确定。本研究旨在确定与环境苯酚暴露有关的心电图(ECG)参数变化,研究对象是中西部大型队列(即费纳尔德社区队列,FCC)中的成年人。在首次全面体检的当天采集尿样并记录心电图。研究人员进行了横截面线性回归分析。双酚 A(BPA)和双酚 F(BPF)均与女性的 PR 间期延长有关(P < 0.05),这表明心房到心室的传导延迟,但与男性无关。双酚 A 联用 BPF 与 QRS 间期延长有关,这表明心室激活延迟,女性(P < 0.05)而男性(P < 0.05)不相关。三氯卡班(TCC)水平越高,男性的 QTc 间期越长(表明心室复极延迟)(P < 0.01),女性则不然。体重指数(BMI)与女性 PR 和 QTc 间期以及心室率的显著增加有关,与男性心室率的显著增加有关。在女性中,双酚 A 尿液浓度和体重指数均处于最高三分位数的综合效应是 PR 间期估计增加 10%。未发现与其他酚类有任何关联。在费尔纳德队列中,某些酚类的较高暴露量与心脏电特性的改变有特定的性别关联。我们基于人群的研究结果与临床相关参数直接相关,而这些参数与人类已知的病理生理心脏状况相关。
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引用次数: 0
Does residential address-based exposure assessment for outdoor air pollution lead to bias in epidemiological studies? 基于居住地址的室外空气污染暴露评估是否会导致流行病学研究出现偏差?
IF 6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01111-0
Gerard Hoek, Danielle Vienneau, Kees de Hoogh
Epidemiological studies of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution have consistently documented associations with morbidity and mortality. Air pollution exposure in these epidemiological studies is generally assessed at the residential address, because individual time-activity patterns are seldom known in large epidemiological studies. Ignoring time-activity patterns may result in bias in epidemiological studies. The aims of this paper are to assess the agreement between exposure assessed at the residential address and exposures estimated with time-activity integrated and the potential bias in epidemiological studies when exposure is estimated at the residential address. We reviewed exposure studies that have compared residential and time-activity integrated exposures, with a focus on the correlation. We further discuss epidemiological studies that have compared health effect estimates between the residential and time-activity integrated exposure and studies that have indirectly estimated the potential bias in health effect estimates in epidemiological studies related to ignoring time-activity patterns. A large number of studies compared residential and time-activity integrated exposure, especially in Europe and North America, mostly focusing on differences in level. Eleven of these studies reported correlations, showing that the correlation between residential address-based and time-activity integrated long-term air pollution exposure was generally high to very high (R > 0.8). For individual subjects large differences were found between residential and time-activity integrated exposures. Consistent with the high correlation, five of six identified epidemiological studies found nearly identical health effects using residential and time-activity integrated exposure. Six additional studies in Europe and North America showed only small to moderate potential bias (9 to 30% potential underestimation) in estimated exposure response functions using residence-based exposures. Differences of average exposure level were generally small and in both directions. Exposure contrasts were smaller for time-activity integrated exposures in nearly all studies. The difference in exposure was not equally distributed across the population including between different socio-economic groups. Overall, the bias in epidemiological studies related to assessing long-term exposure at the residential address only is likely small in populations comparable to those evaluated in the comparison studies. Further improvements in exposure assessment especially for large populations remain useful.
关于长期暴露于室外空气污染的流行病学研究一直记录着与发病率和死亡率的关系。在这些流行病学研究中,空气污染暴露通常是在居住地址进行评估的,因为在大型流行病学研究中很少知道个人的时间活动模式。忽略时间活动模式可能会导致流行病学研究出现偏差。本文旨在评估按居住地址评估的暴露量与按时间活动综合估计的暴露量之间的一致性,以及按居住地址估计暴露量时流行病学研究的潜在偏差。我们回顾了比较住址暴露和时间活动综合暴露的暴露研究,重点关注两者之间的相关性。我们进一步讨论了比较居住地暴露和时间活动综合暴露的健康影响估计值的流行病学研究,以及间接估计流行病学研究中因忽略时间活动模式而导致的健康影响估计值潜在偏差的研究。大量研究对居住地暴露和时间活动综合暴露进行了比较,特别是在欧洲和北美,主要集中在水平差异上。这些研究中有 11 项报告了相关性,表明基于居住地址的长期空气污染暴露与基于时间活动的长期空气污染综合暴露之间的相关性通常很高甚至非常高(R > 0.8)。对于单个受试者而言,住宅暴露量与时间活动综合暴露量之间存在巨大差异。与高相关性相一致的是,在已确定的六项流行病学研究中,有五项研究发现,住宅和时间活动综合暴露对健康的影响几乎相同。另外六项在欧洲和北美进行的研究显示,使用基于居住地的暴露量估算暴露反应函数时,仅存在小到中等程度的潜在偏差(9% 到 30% 的潜在低估)。平均暴露水平的差异一般较小,而且是双向的。在几乎所有研究中,时间-活动综合暴露的暴露对比都较小。暴露量的差异在人群中的分布不均,包括不同社会经济群体之间的差异。总体而言,在与对比研究中评估的人群相当的情况下,流行病学研究中与仅评估居住地址的长期暴露相关的偏差可能较小。进一步改进暴露评估,尤其是对大量人群的暴露评估,仍然是有益的。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of alcohol consumption on human physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress: a systematic scoping review 饮酒对人类热应激生理和感知反应的影响:系统性范围审查
IF 6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01113-y
Nathan B. Morris, Nicholas Ravanelli, Georgia K. Chaseling
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption is ostensibly known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during hot weather and heatwaves. However, how alcohol independently alters physiological, perceptual, and behavioral responses to heat stress remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic scoping review to understand how alcohol consumption affects thermoregulatory responses to the heat. We searched five databases employing the following eligibility criteria, studies must have: 1) involved the oral consumption of ethanol, 2) employed a randomized or crossover-control study design with a control trial consisting of a volume-matched, non-alcoholic beverage, 3) been conducted in healthy adult humans, 4) reported thermophysiological, perceptual, hydration status markers, and/or behavioral outcomes, 5) been published in English, 6) been conducted in air or water at temperatures of > 28°C, 7) involved passive rest or exercise, and 8) been published before October 4th, 2023. After removing duplicates, 7256 titles were screened, 29 papers were assessed for eligibility and 8 papers were included in the final review. Across the 8 studies, there were a total of 93 participants (93 male/0 female), the average time of heat exposure was 70 min and average alcohol dose was 0.68 g·kg1. There were 23 unique outcome variables analyzed from the studies. The physiological marker most influenced by alcohol was core temperature (lowered with alcohol consumption in 3/4 studies). Additionally, skin blood flow was increased with alcohol consumption in the one study that measured it. Typical markers of dehydration, such as increased urine volume (1/3 studies), mass loss (1/3 studies) and decreased plasma volume (0/2 studies) were not consistently observed in these studies, except for in the study with the highest alcohol dose. The effect of alcohol consumption on thermoregulatory responses is understudied, and is limited by moderate doses of alcohol consumption, short durations of heat exposure, and only conducted in young-healthy males. Contrary to current heat-health advice, the available literature suggests that alcohol consumption does not seem to impair physiological responses to heat in young healthy males.
众所周知,饮用乙醇会增加炎热天气和热浪期间的发病率和死亡率。然而,人们对酒精如何独立地改变热应激的生理、感知和行为反应仍然知之甚少。因此,我们进行了一项系统性的范围界定综述,以了解饮酒如何影响对热的体温调节反应。我们检索了五个数据库,并采用了以下资格标准:研究必须具备以下条件:1)涉及口服乙醇;2)采用随机或交叉对照研究设计,对照试验由体积匹配的非酒精饮料组成;3)在健康成人中进行;4)报告热生理学、知觉、水合状态标记和/或行为结果;5)以英文发表;6)在温度大于 28°C 的空气或水中进行;7)涉及被动休息或运动;8)在 2023 年 10 月 4 日之前发表。去除重复内容后,共筛选出 7256 篇论文标题,对 29 篇论文进行了资格评估,最终有 8 篇论文被纳入最终审查。在这 8 篇研究中,共有 93 名参与者(93 名男性/0 名女性),平均热暴露时间为 70 分钟,平均酒精剂量为 0.68 克-千克1。这些研究分析了 23 个独特的结果变量。受酒精影响最大的生理指标是核心体温(在 3/4 项研究中,饮酒会降低核心体温)。此外,在一项测量皮肤血流量的研究中,饮酒会增加皮肤血流量。在这些研究中,除了酒精剂量最高的一项研究外,并没有持续观察到典型的脱水指标,如尿量增加(1/3 项研究)、体重减轻(1/3 项研究)和血浆容量减少(0/2 项研究)。有关饮酒对体温调节反应的影响的研究还不充分,而且受到饮酒剂量适中、热暴露持续时间短以及仅在年轻健康男性中进行的研究的限制。与当前的防暑健康建议相反,现有文献表明,饮酒似乎不会损害年轻健康男性对热的生理反应。
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引用次数: 0
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