: Bridges are vital components of transport infrastructures, and therefore, it is of utmost importance that they operate safely and reliably. This paper proposes and tests a methodology for detecting and localizing damage in bridges under both traffic and environmental variability considering non-stationary vehicle-bridge interaction. In detail, the current study presents an approach to temperature removal in the case of forced vibrations in the bridge using principal component analysis, with detection and localization of damage using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Due to the difficulty in obtaining real data on undamaged and later damaged bridges that are simultaneously influenced by traffic and temperature changes, the proposed method is validated using a numerical bridge benchmark. The vertical acceleration response is derived from a time-history analysis with a moving load under different ambient temperatures. The results show how machine learning algorithms applied to bridge damage detection appear to be a promising technique to efficiently solve the problem’s complexity when both operational and environmental variability are included in the recorded data. However, the example application still shows some limitations, such as the use of a numerical bridge and not a real bridge due to the lack of vibration data under health and damage conditions, and with varying temperatures; the simple modeling of the vehicle as a moving load; and the crossing of only one vehicle present in the bridge. This will be considered in future studies.
{"title":"Temperature","authors":"N. Willey","doi":"10.1201/9781317206231-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781317206231-8","url":null,"abstract":": Bridges are vital components of transport infrastructures, and therefore, it is of utmost importance that they operate safely and reliably. This paper proposes and tests a methodology for detecting and localizing damage in bridges under both traffic and environmental variability considering non-stationary vehicle-bridge interaction. In detail, the current study presents an approach to temperature removal in the case of forced vibrations in the bridge using principal component analysis, with detection and localization of damage using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Due to the difficulty in obtaining real data on undamaged and later damaged bridges that are simultaneously influenced by traffic and temperature changes, the proposed method is validated using a numerical bridge benchmark. The vertical acceleration response is derived from a time-history analysis with a moving load under different ambient temperatures. The results show how machine learning algorithms applied to bridge damage detection appear to be a promising technique to efficiently solve the problem’s complexity when both operational and environmental variability are included in the recorded data. However, the example application still shows some limitations, such as the use of a numerical bridge and not a real bridge due to the lack of vibration data under health and damage conditions, and with varying temperatures; the simple modeling of the vehicle as a moving load; and the crossing of only one vehicle present in the bridge. This will be considered in future studies.","PeriodicalId":11708,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Plant Physiology","volume":"IA-16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84595296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-26DOI: 10.4135/9781446247501.n3370
N. Willey
Artificial breeding of the native fish Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel was conducted for the first time in Basrah at the Marine Science Center's hatchery (2009). We studied energy costs of the metabolic rate of the larval phase, during the period of 45 days, via the experimental laboratory measurements of the oxygen consumption rate at three temperatures 22, 26, 30 (C ◦ ) coincided with the ambient water temperature in the rearing tanks (22.0-29.0 C ◦ ). Direct significant (P < 0.05) positive linear correlations was estimated between time in days and both temperature (Y 1 ) and fresh weight (Y 2 ) of the larvae.
{"title":"Salinity","authors":"N. Willey","doi":"10.4135/9781446247501.n3370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247501.n3370","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial breeding of the native fish Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel was conducted for the first time in Basrah at the Marine Science Center's hatchery (2009). We studied energy costs of the metabolic rate of the larval phase, during the period of 45 days, via the experimental laboratory measurements of the oxygen consumption rate at three temperatures 22, 26, 30 (C ◦ ) coincided with the ambient water temperature in the rearing tanks (22.0-29.0 C ◦ ). Direct significant (P < 0.05) positive linear correlations was estimated between time in days and both temperature (Y 1 ) and fresh weight (Y 2 ) of the larvae.","PeriodicalId":11708,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Plant Physiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76293876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The purpose of the study is to determine the water quality for the continuity of the aquatic life’ diversity and the health of the citizens and tourists swimming in the Kucuksu, Fenerbahce and Suadiye beaches. Between 5 June 2019 and 29 August 2019, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured weekly onsite and seawater samples were collected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Se) via ICP-OES. Results showed that values are under the limits and there is no harm to human health and aquatic life. The measurements were compared with the literature data of beaches in the Mediterranean and of the same beaches in the previous studies.
{"title":"Water","authors":"N. Willey","doi":"10.1201/9781317206231-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781317206231-4","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of the study is to determine the water quality for the continuity of the aquatic life’ diversity and the health of the citizens and tourists swimming in the Kucuksu, Fenerbahce and Suadiye beaches. Between 5 June 2019 and 29 August 2019, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were measured weekly onsite and seawater samples were collected to analyze heavy metal concentrations (Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Se) via ICP-OES. Results showed that values are under the limits and there is no harm to human health and aquatic life. The measurements were compared with the literature data of beaches in the Mediterranean and of the same beaches in the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":11708,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Plant Physiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78519573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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