Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.2
Michelle Gonzales Maldonado
This chapter examines the history of Cuban Americans, who are the second largest Latino/a immigrant group in the United States. In the first forty years after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, around a million Cubans immigrated to the United States. The Cuban American population is distinctive from other Latino/a groups and internally diverse. They are distinctive in light of the historical events that led to their mass exodus to the United States and the manner in which they were received by the US government. They are diverse, given the historical moment of their arrival and the manner in which this shapes their political, religious, and social worldviews. This chapter focuses on the unique history of the Cuban exile, which was instrumental in the creation of the Catholic Church in Miami. While the local Miami Church played an instrumental role in the resettlement of Cuban exiles, it was the exiles themselves who were instrumental in the establishment and growth of the Catholic Church in Miami, the center of Cuban Catholic identity and diaspora in the United States.
{"title":"Cuban-Descent Catholics","authors":"Michelle Gonzales Maldonado","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the history of Cuban Americans, who are the second largest Latino/a immigrant group in the United States. In the first forty years after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, around a million Cubans immigrated to the United States. The Cuban American population is distinctive from other Latino/a groups and internally diverse. They are distinctive in light of the historical events that led to their mass exodus to the United States and the manner in which they were received by the US government. They are diverse, given the historical moment of their arrival and the manner in which this shapes their political, religious, and social worldviews. This chapter focuses on the unique history of the Cuban exile, which was instrumental in the creation of the Catholic Church in Miami. While the local Miami Church played an instrumental role in the resettlement of Cuban exiles, it was the exiles themselves who were instrumental in the establishment and growth of the Catholic Church in Miami, the center of Cuban Catholic identity and diaspora in the United States.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.13
Harold D. Morales
This chapter shows that Latinx conversion to Islam dates back to the early twentieth century and has increased at the dawn of the twenty-first century as part of an exodus from the Catholic Church in the United States. This chapter draws on quantitative research and examines popular hypotheses attempting to explain why Latinxs leave Christianity to embrace Islam, including those regarding marriage, prison, and mass media. Additionally, this chapter draws on discursive analysis of reversion stories and ethnographic research to shed light on Latinx conversion to Islam as diverse, complex, and fluid processes. By examining how marginalized communities such as Latinx Muslims reinscribe reductive practices, and how these practices are shaped in large measure by broader historical contexts, we can begin to lay the groundwork for more nuanced engagements with Latinx conversion processes.
{"title":"Latinx Conversions to Islam","authors":"Harold D. Morales","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows that Latinx conversion to Islam dates back to the early twentieth century and has increased at the dawn of the twenty-first century as part of an exodus from the Catholic Church in the United States. This chapter draws on quantitative research and examines popular hypotheses attempting to explain why Latinxs leave Christianity to embrace Islam, including those regarding marriage, prison, and mass media. Additionally, this chapter draws on discursive analysis of reversion stories and ethnographic research to shed light on Latinx conversion to Islam as diverse, complex, and fluid processes. By examining how marginalized communities such as Latinx Muslims reinscribe reductive practices, and how these practices are shaped in large measure by broader historical contexts, we can begin to lay the groundwork for more nuanced engagements with Latinx conversion processes.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114044886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.17
Néstor Medina
This chapter examines the historical usage of the category of mestizaje by scholars, arguing that it continues to be a useful theological category, because it elucidates the divine dismantling of structures of racialized, cultural, and religious power. Mestizaje constitutes an ethical praxis and ethos unwilling to succumb to easy recipes of “inclusion,” “unity,” and “hospitality.” The concept of mestizaje remains useful as it is used to celebrate and wrestle with complex and fluid multicultural, multilingual, and multinational history and ancestral lines for which it is a cipher. The crucial insight gleaned from mestizaje is its open-endedness; it thrives on diversity and heterogeneity while subverting false notions of purity, homogeneity, unity, and whiteness. Mestizaje is an attempt to actively reject social, cultural, and economic structures of discrimination, racism, and marginalization. This chapter argues that it also rejects intellectual frames which undermine the rich cultural, contextual, and experiential component of lived faith experiences as part of human activity and struggles for justice.
{"title":"Ethics, Theology, and Mestizaje","authors":"Néstor Medina","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the historical usage of the category of mestizaje by scholars, arguing that it continues to be a useful theological category, because it elucidates the divine dismantling of structures of racialized, cultural, and religious power. Mestizaje constitutes an ethical praxis and ethos unwilling to succumb to easy recipes of “inclusion,” “unity,” and “hospitality.” The concept of mestizaje remains useful as it is used to celebrate and wrestle with complex and fluid multicultural, multilingual, and multinational history and ancestral lines for which it is a cipher. The crucial insight gleaned from mestizaje is its open-endedness; it thrives on diversity and heterogeneity while subverting false notions of purity, homogeneity, unity, and whiteness. Mestizaje is an attempt to actively reject social, cultural, and economic structures of discrimination, racism, and marginalization. This chapter argues that it also rejects intellectual frames which undermine the rich cultural, contextual, and experiential component of lived faith experiences as part of human activity and struggles for justice.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127944748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.27
Jonathan E. Calvillo
This chapter offers a framework of ethnoracial identity formation that emphasizes the historical factors linking Latin American religions and Latinx ethnoracial identity. The chapter explores how Catholicism in particular, and other forms of Christianity in general, historically function in an inculturated manner within Latinx communities. The chapter presents Latinx ethnoracial identities as involving ongoing negotiations that are both macro-level and micro-level social processes; identities are deeply personal in one sense, and highly imposed by external forces in another. The chapter also explores the particular social dynamics of Latinx identity negotiation. These dynamics do not pertain to individual Christian traditions, but rather manifest variably across Christian traditions. The analyses offered in this chapter suggest directions for further inquiry for researchers of Christianity and Latinx identity formation.
{"title":"Christianities and the Construction of Latinx Ethnoracial Identities","authors":"Jonathan E. Calvillo","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers a framework of ethnoracial identity formation that emphasizes the historical factors linking Latin American religions and Latinx ethnoracial identity. The chapter explores how Catholicism in particular, and other forms of Christianity in general, historically function in an inculturated manner within Latinx communities. The chapter presents Latinx ethnoracial identities as involving ongoing negotiations that are both macro-level and micro-level social processes; identities are deeply personal in one sense, and highly imposed by external forces in another. The chapter also explores the particular social dynamics of Latinx identity negotiation. These dynamics do not pertain to individual Christian traditions, but rather manifest variably across Christian traditions. The analyses offered in this chapter suggest directions for further inquiry for researchers of Christianity and Latinx identity formation.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115185344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.23
Natalie Avalos
This chapter posits that despite five hundred years of colonialism, indigenous Latinx America continues and even thrives. These rhythms continue in unique ways. They may constitute the metaphysical foundation from which this population draws in order to make sense of the world; they may constitute features of religious practice, conceptualizations of the soul, and sacred relationships to the land and to community. While one cannot generalize here and say this is the experience of all Latinos in the United States, these dynamics make a compelling case for the existence of Latinx indigeneities in diaspora. Moreover, for Latinx communities in the United States who continue to experience the everyday violence of marginalization and racial stigma, this kind of inner agility may mean the difference between thriving and despair. Christianity mediates these religious expressions; but they are not quite “Christian.” They are something more, something unique—something entirely of their own. They evince strategic survivals of Native metaphysical worlds that continue with and for the people.
{"title":"Latinx Indigeneities and Christianity","authors":"Natalie Avalos","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter posits that despite five hundred years of colonialism, indigenous Latinx America continues and even thrives. These rhythms continue in unique ways. They may constitute the metaphysical foundation from which this population draws in order to make sense of the world; they may constitute features of religious practice, conceptualizations of the soul, and sacred relationships to the land and to community. While one cannot generalize here and say this is the experience of all Latinos in the United States, these dynamics make a compelling case for the existence of Latinx indigeneities in diaspora. Moreover, for Latinx communities in the United States who continue to experience the everyday violence of marginalization and racial stigma, this kind of inner agility may mean the difference between thriving and despair. Christianity mediates these religious expressions; but they are not quite “Christian.” They are something more, something unique—something entirely of their own. They evince strategic survivals of Native metaphysical worlds that continue with and for the people.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128756344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.7
Lloyd Barba
That Pentecostalism stands out as among the fastest growing religious movements of the twentieth century in the United States and Latin America is a well-documented fact among scholars. Not until recently, however, scholars started to critically examine the rise of Latino Pentecostalism within the United States, a phenomenon that has been in the making for over a century. To better understand the historical development of Latino Pentecostalism in the United States, this chapter offers a three-part periodization: (1) Foundation: 1906–1929; (2) Building: 1930–1965; and (3) Expansion: 1966–2006. The conclusion then takes stock of the movement from 2006 to 2020, examining the sociopolitical climate in which Pentecostalism continues to flourish. Within these periods, this chapter traces broader cultural, organizational, and educational contours of denominations as they developed within the context of three macro-forces fundamental in the shaping of Latinidad in the United States: shifting racial sensibilities, immigration policies, and labor market demands.
{"title":"Latina/o Pentecostalism","authors":"Lloyd Barba","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"That Pentecostalism stands out as among the fastest growing religious movements of the twentieth century in the United States and Latin America is a well-documented fact among scholars. Not until recently, however, scholars started to critically examine the rise of Latino Pentecostalism within the United States, a phenomenon that has been in the making for over a century. To better understand the historical development of Latino Pentecostalism in the United States, this chapter offers a three-part periodization: (1) Foundation: 1906–1929; (2) Building: 1930–1965; and (3) Expansion: 1966–2006. The conclusion then takes stock of the movement from 2006 to 2020, examining the sociopolitical climate in which Pentecostalism continues to flourish. Within these periods, this chapter traces broader cultural, organizational, and educational contours of denominations as they developed within the context of three macro-forces fundamental in the shaping of Latinidad in the United States: shifting racial sensibilities, immigration policies, and labor market demands.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132865525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.19
Daisy Vargas
This chapter posits that a focus on pilgrimage, of both humans and devotional objects and images, provides scholars with new avenues to approach historical and contemporary issues of migration, labor, and politics; the affective bonds between devotees and saint images, forged through the devotional labor of pilgrimage and procession, create a historical and theological bridge between preconquest religion, colonial Catholicism, and contemporary Christianity. This chapter portrays pilgrimage traditions among Latina/o/x communities in the United States to be as much about religions traveling on the bodies of migrants as they are cultural descriptors of migrant communities in diaspora. The chapter emphasizes that pilgrimage is not only about the religious moving through the migrant body but also about the political and cultural implications of migrant religious bodies and images on a racialized American landscape.
{"title":"Latina/o/x Pilgrimage and Embodiment","authors":"Daisy Vargas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter posits that a focus on pilgrimage, of both humans and devotional objects and images, provides scholars with new avenues to approach historical and contemporary issues of migration, labor, and politics; the affective bonds between devotees and saint images, forged through the devotional labor of pilgrimage and procession, create a historical and theological bridge between preconquest religion, colonial Catholicism, and contemporary Christianity. This chapter portrays pilgrimage traditions among Latina/o/x communities in the United States to be as much about religions traveling on the bodies of migrants as they are cultural descriptors of migrant communities in diaspora. The chapter emphasizes that pilgrimage is not only about the religious moving through the migrant body but also about the political and cultural implications of migrant religious bodies and images on a racialized American landscape.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.26
Alberto Ortíz Díaz
This chapter makes the argument that the history of Puerto Rican Christianities must be understood in relation to Puerto Rico, as the archipelago is part of the United States proper. Circulatory movement between Puerto Rico and the US mainland and internal migration within the United States have and will continue to characterize Puerto Rican Christianities. This makes them a collective, evolving object of study. This chapter examines Puerto Ricans who have contributed to building Hispanic/Latino churches in the United States since at least the middle decades of the twentieth century and are still doing so in the early twenty-first century. This chapter emphasizes that while Puerto Ricans are mainly Catholic, their interpretations of dogma and ritual practices transcend mainstream and vernacular forms of Catholicism. In recent years, the number of evangelical churches, especially Pentecostal, has ballooned on both sides of the air bridge that links Puerto Rico and the US mainland. The field of Puerto Rican religion patiently awaits the scholars who will take it seriously, move it forward within Puerto Rican studies, and venture into comparative terrain.
{"title":"Puerto Rican Christianities in the United States","authors":"Alberto Ortíz Díaz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190875763.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter makes the argument that the history of Puerto Rican Christianities must be understood in relation to Puerto Rico, as the archipelago is part of the United States proper. Circulatory movement between Puerto Rico and the US mainland and internal migration within the United States have and will continue to characterize Puerto Rican Christianities. This makes them a collective, evolving object of study. This chapter examines Puerto Ricans who have contributed to building Hispanic/Latino churches in the United States since at least the middle decades of the twentieth century and are still doing so in the early twenty-first century. This chapter emphasizes that while Puerto Ricans are mainly Catholic, their interpretations of dogma and ritual practices transcend mainstream and vernacular forms of Catholicism. In recent years, the number of evangelical churches, especially Pentecostal, has ballooned on both sides of the air bridge that links Puerto Rico and the US mainland. The field of Puerto Rican religion patiently awaits the scholars who will take it seriously, move it forward within Puerto Rican studies, and venture into comparative terrain.","PeriodicalId":118038,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130118274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：