Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198150
R. Rojas-Cessa, Sarh Pessima, Tingting Tian
Host virtualization has become of great interest as it is a technology that can enable the implementation of cloud computing. For this, it can offer several benefits, such as high levels of sharing of computing resources, ubiquitous availability, and savings on hardware investment. Although it has been claimed that host virtualization can also offer the benefit of energy savings, the levels of savings are unknown. In this paper, we present experimental evaluations of energy expenditure of virtual machines used for computation processes. We measure the energy spent by a number of virtual machines and compare it to the energy spent by a single and multiple (real) Linux hosts. The results show that the virtual machines deliver similar performance to processes run in real machines for small loads, and achieve significant energy savings for a modest number of users. Therefore, it is then expected that there is a number of VMs for what energy savings is optimal. The values also indicate that workstations optimized for virtualization can offer significant benefits.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of energy savings of virtual machines in the implementation of cloud computing","authors":"R. Rojas-Cessa, Sarh Pessima, Tingting Tian","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198150","url":null,"abstract":"Host virtualization has become of great interest as it is a technology that can enable the implementation of cloud computing. For this, it can offer several benefits, such as high levels of sharing of computing resources, ubiquitous availability, and savings on hardware investment. Although it has been claimed that host virtualization can also offer the benefit of energy savings, the levels of savings are unknown. In this paper, we present experimental evaluations of energy expenditure of virtual machines used for computation processes. We measure the energy spent by a number of virtual machines and compare it to the energy spent by a single and multiple (real) Linux hosts. The results show that the virtual machines deliver similar performance to processes run in real machines for small loads, and achieve significant energy savings for a modest number of users. Therefore, it is then expected that there is a number of VMs for what energy savings is optimal. The values also indicate that workstations optimized for virtualization can offer significant benefits.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117234265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198151
Y. Chau, M. Al-Harbawi
The incremental relay (INR) reception with multiple blind/fixed-gain AF relays and selection combining (SC) at the destination receiver is analyzed. The end-to-end performance of INR transmission is evaluated, where bit error rate (BER) of BPSK over i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels is derived. Numerical results of the BER are presented for performance illustration and comparisons.
{"title":"Performance analysis of cooperative diversity with multiple incremental relays and selection combining over Rayleigh fading channels","authors":"Y. Chau, M. Al-Harbawi","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198151","url":null,"abstract":"The incremental relay (INR) reception with multiple blind/fixed-gain AF relays and selection combining (SC) at the destination receiver is analyzed. The end-to-end performance of INR transmission is evaluated, where bit error rate (BER) of BPSK over i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels is derived. Numerical results of the BER are presented for performance illustration and comparisons.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126443863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198154
Y. Chau
The performance of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems with multiple reader antennas and selection combining (SC) for correlated forward and backscatter channels is evaluated. The cascaded Rayleigh fading channel is used to model forward and backscatter channels. For performance analysis, the closed-form outage probability of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the reader is derived. Numerical results of the outage probability are presented for performance illustration and demonstrate the correlation effect.
{"title":"Outage performance of RFID systems with multiple reader antennas over correlated forward and backscatter fading channels","authors":"Y. Chau","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198154","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems with multiple reader antennas and selection combining (SC) for correlated forward and backscatter channels is evaluated. The cascaded Rayleigh fading channel is used to model forward and backscatter channels. For performance analysis, the closed-form outage probability of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the reader is derived. Numerical results of the outage probability are presented for performance illustration and demonstrate the correlation effect.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129550539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198162
L. Huo, E. Zhang, C. Lou
We reviewed our on-going effects in regenerative wavelength conversions. 40-Gb/s 3R-regeneratiave wavelength conversion was realized with EAM or SOA-DI as the decision gate. 100-Gb/s 2R-regenerative wavelength conversion was implemented by utilizing cross gain compression effect in SOA.
{"title":"Regenerative wavelength conversion based on semiconductor devices","authors":"L. Huo, E. Zhang, C. Lou","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198162","url":null,"abstract":"We reviewed our on-going effects in regenerative wavelength conversions. 40-Gb/s 3R-regeneratiave wavelength conversion was realized with EAM or SOA-DI as the decision gate. 100-Gb/s 2R-regenerative wavelength conversion was implemented by utilizing cross gain compression effect in SOA.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198170
C. Yeh, Hsing-Yu Chen, C. Chow, Y. Liu
In this work, we investigate a hybrid OFDM-baseband (BB) signal and three-band OFDM wireless channels using the 2.5 GHz bandwidth directly modulated laser (DML) and 10 GHz bandwidth electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) in a passive optical network (PON) respectively. Here, each 16-QAM OFDM wireless and 64-QAM OFDM-BB signals can achieve 11.2 Gb/s and 15 Gb/s traffic data rates respectively in 20 km fiber transmission. To reduce the cost, the direct detection method is used. Moreover, the network performance has also been analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"Hybrid OFDM-based multi-band wireless and baseband downstream signals in fiber access network","authors":"C. Yeh, Hsing-Yu Chen, C. Chow, Y. Liu","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198170","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate a hybrid OFDM-baseband (BB) signal and three-band OFDM wireless channels using the 2.5 GHz bandwidth directly modulated laser (DML) and 10 GHz bandwidth electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) in a passive optical network (PON) respectively. Here, each 16-QAM OFDM wireless and 64-QAM OFDM-BB signals can achieve 11.2 Gb/s and 15 Gb/s traffic data rates respectively in 20 km fiber transmission. To reduce the cost, the direct detection method is used. Moreover, the network performance has also been analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198172
Chih-Ta Yen, Yi-Chin Fang, Jen-Fa Huang, Jui-Hsin Hsu, P. Chih
This research proposes a newly developed optical design and concept of active compensation on Blu-ray pick up head system with liquid crystal element. A liquid crystal (LC) lens with external input voltage is employed, that generates a symmetric non-uniform electrical field in the liquid crystal layer. This will direct liquid crystal molecules into appropriate distribution of gradient refractive indices, and result in convergence or divergence of specific light beam. By adjusting the voltages, a wide range of lens power is covered. The LC lens preserves its optical quality over the entire focus range, delivers fast and active compensation through optical design when errors occur. Simulation and tolerance analysis work have been done with Code V [1] software inclusive of defocus, tilt, decenter, and the related compensation. The results conclude that optical design with liquid crystal optics as active compensation device can eliminate aberrations compared to traditional ones.
{"title":"On designing Blu-ray pickup head system with Liquid Crystal Lens","authors":"Chih-Ta Yen, Yi-Chin Fang, Jen-Fa Huang, Jui-Hsin Hsu, P. Chih","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198172","url":null,"abstract":"This research proposes a newly developed optical design and concept of active compensation on Blu-ray pick up head system with liquid crystal element. A liquid crystal (LC) lens with external input voltage is employed, that generates a symmetric non-uniform electrical field in the liquid crystal layer. This will direct liquid crystal molecules into appropriate distribution of gradient refractive indices, and result in convergence or divergence of specific light beam. By adjusting the voltages, a wide range of lens power is covered. The LC lens preserves its optical quality over the entire focus range, delivers fast and active compensation through optical design when errors occur. Simulation and tolerance analysis work have been done with Code V [1] software inclusive of defocus, tilt, decenter, and the related compensation. The results conclude that optical design with liquid crystal optics as active compensation device can eliminate aberrations compared to traditional ones.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198149
Weisheng Hu, Weiqiang Sun, Hao He, Yaohui Jin, S. Xiao
Optical packet switching (OPS) has been the premier choice for the future Internet. After the effort of OPS researches, however, big challenges still remain unsolved, which include fast tunable wavelength conversion, optical switch fabrics at large dimension, high-speed burst-mode transceiver, random access optical buffers, photonic integration. In this paper, we will elaborate on some technical challenges in realizing the OPS test-bed.
{"title":"Feasibility of optical technologies for packet switching networks","authors":"Weisheng Hu, Weiqiang Sun, Hao He, Yaohui Jin, S. Xiao","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198149","url":null,"abstract":"Optical packet switching (OPS) has been the premier choice for the future Internet. After the effort of OPS researches, however, big challenges still remain unsolved, which include fast tunable wavelength conversion, optical switch fabrics at large dimension, high-speed burst-mode transceiver, random access optical buffers, photonic integration. In this paper, we will elaborate on some technical challenges in realizing the OPS test-bed.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130947701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198185
C. Tseng, Chih-Wei Tsai, Ming-Chang M. Lee, Yung-Jui Chen
We demonstrate a highly compact Silicon microring filter with a radius of 1.75μm. The microring filter exhibits a free spectral range over 50nm and a propagation loss of 0.034dB/per-turn at TE like mode and 0.72dB/per-turn at TM like mode. The wide FSR can accommodate the whole C band for WDM application.
{"title":"Ultra compact Silicon microring filter","authors":"C. Tseng, Chih-Wei Tsai, Ming-Chang M. Lee, Yung-Jui Chen","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198185","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a highly compact Silicon microring filter with a radius of 1.75μm. The microring filter exhibits a free spectral range over 50nm and a propagation loss of 0.034dB/per-turn at TE like mode and 0.72dB/per-turn at TM like mode. The wide FSR can accommodate the whole C band for WDM application.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198148
S. Yoshima, M. Noda, E. Igawa, S. Shirai, K. Ishii, M. Nogami, J. Nakagawa
In this paper, we report on the performances both of ONU and OLT transceivers for 10G-EPON systems including dynamic power saving technology and 10G/1G dual-rate receiving technology. The dynamic power saving technology for ONU can realize fast response less than 736 ns and high power consumption degradation more than 38 % in the heavy uplink traffic conditions. On the other hand, OLT receiver can achieve high receiver sensitivity for each 10G and 1G less than -30.6 dBm and -34.6 dBm, respectively, with fast receiver settling times of 800 ns for 10G and 400 ns for 1G.
{"title":"Recent progress of high-speed burst-mode transceiver technologies for TDM-PON systems","authors":"S. Yoshima, M. Noda, E. Igawa, S. Shirai, K. Ishii, M. Nogami, J. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198148","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report on the performances both of ONU and OLT transceivers for 10G-EPON systems including dynamic power saving technology and 10G/1G dual-rate receiving technology. The dynamic power saving technology for ONU can realize fast response less than 736 ns and high power consumption degradation more than 38 % in the heavy uplink traffic conditions. On the other hand, OLT receiver can achieve high receiver sensitivity for each 10G and 1G less than -30.6 dBm and -34.6 dBm, respectively, with fast receiver settling times of 800 ns for 10G and 400 ns for 1G.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132671691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-19DOI: 10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198171
C. Yeh, Yen-Liang Liu, Y. Liu, C. Chow, Hsing-Yu Chen
Here, we first propose to adjust adaptively the output optical power of the upstream laser diode (LD) depending on the different fiber lengths. With the different fiber transmission lengths, we can properly adjust the bias current and modulation index of upstream LD for energy-saving. We characterize and analyze experimentally the relationship of output optical power and modulation amplitude Vamp under different fiber transmissions in PON access. Moreover, due to the adaptive power control of upstream signal, the optical upstream equalization also can be retrieved with power variation of 1.1 dB in this experiment.
{"title":"Adaptive power adjustment of upstream traffic for energy-saving PON access","authors":"C. Yeh, Yen-Liang Liu, Y. Liu, C. Chow, Hsing-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2012.6198171","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we first propose to adjust adaptively the output optical power of the upstream laser diode (LD) depending on the different fiber lengths. With the different fiber transmission lengths, we can properly adjust the bias current and modulation index of upstream LD for energy-saving. We characterize and analyze experimentally the relationship of output optical power and modulation amplitude Vamp under different fiber transmissions in PON access. Moreover, due to the adaptive power control of upstream signal, the optical upstream equalization also can be retrieved with power variation of 1.1 dB in this experiment.","PeriodicalId":118220,"journal":{"name":"2012 21st Annual Wireless and Optical Communications Conference (WOCC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116113642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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