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Morality and Moral Controversies最新文献

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Self-Interest, Altruism, Religion, and Conscience 利己主义、利他主义、宗教和良心
Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI: 10.4324/9781315222882-1
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引用次数: 0
Race, Gender, and Affirmative Action 种族、性别和平权行动
Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI: 10.4324/9781315222882-18
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引用次数: 1
Animals, Environmentalism, and Climate 动物、环保主义和气候
Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI: 10.4324/9781315222882-7
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引用次数: 0
Economic Justice 经济正义
Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/9781108526067.009
Karl Marx, Michael Walzer, John Rawls
The crux of Nozick’s theory is that one owns oneself, one’s labor, and its fruits. Hence, even if one morally ought to donate money to help the poor, the government would violate one’s right of self-ownership by forcing one to help them. Rawls’ theory starts from the thought that one’s starting point in life is undeserved. Hence the contingent differences arising therefrom are morally irrelevant. Thus Rawls argues that the social arrangement agreed upon by representatives of different social classes when knowledge of such differences is to be suppressed will be a just arrangement. Rawls further argues that the difference principle will be agreed upon, according to which social and economic inequalities cannot be allowed to exist unless they are to be arranged to the benefit of the least advantaged.
诺齐克理论的关键在于一个人拥有自己、自己的劳动和劳动成果。因此,即使一个人在道德上应该捐钱帮助穷人,政府强迫一个人帮助他们也会侵犯一个人的自我所有权。罗尔斯的理论是从一个人的人生起点是不值得的这一思想出发的。因此,由此产生的偶然差异在道德上是无关紧要的。因此,罗尔斯认为,由不同社会阶层的代表所同意的社会安排,当这种差异的知识被压制时,将是一种公正的安排。罗尔斯进一步论证了差异原则,根据这一原则,除非社会和经济不平等是为了最弱势群体的利益而安排的,否则它们是不允许存在的。
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引用次数: 14
Terrorism and Torture 恐怖主义和酷刑
Pub Date : 2003-04-01 DOI: 10.5840/IJAP200317113
Fritz Allhoff
This paper investigates the moral permissibility of torture. After briefly considering some empirical evidence, it discusses the conflict between deontological and consequentialist approaches to torture. It is argued that, even if we are to take rights seriously, torture should at least be allowed if some conditions are satisfied. Finally, the paper discusses what those conditions should be and what sorts of torture are morally permissible.
本文探讨了酷刑的道德容忍度。在简要考虑了一些经验证据之后,它讨论了义务论和结果主义对酷刑的看法之间的冲突。有人认为,即使我们要认真对待人权,在满足某些条件的情况下,酷刑至少应该被允许。最后,论文讨论了这些条件应该是什么以及什么样的酷刑在道德上是允许的。
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引用次数: 14
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Morality and Moral Controversies
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