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Accounting Policies in the Function of Quality Assessment of Financial Statements 会计政策在财务报表质量评价中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0020
J. Raičević
Abstract Financial statements represent an instrument by which relevant information about a company is passed on to its users. Based on the information presented in the financial statements, i.e. information on the financial position and performance of the company, and generated cash flows and capital, users make business decisions. Specific accounting policies serve as the basis for the preparation of quality financial statements. Management is responsible for the preparation and presentation of financial statements and selects accounting policies. Although simple, the issue of choosing the accounting policies can be extremely delicate and complex. Besides management, there are other stakeholders who may be affected by this issue. As a consequence, there are complex relationships that affect the choice of accounting policies, and thus the quality of financial statements.
财务报表是将公司的相关信息传递给使用者的一种工具。使用者根据财务报表中呈现的信息,即公司的财务状况和业绩,以及产生的现金流量和资本,做出经营决策。具体的会计政策是编制高质量财务报表的基础。管理层负责财务报表的编制和列报,并选择会计政策。虽然很简单,但选择会计策略的问题可能非常微妙和复杂。除了管理层,还有其他利益相关者可能会受到这个问题的影响。因此,存在影响会计政策选择的复杂关系,从而影响财务报表的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Facebook and Mobile Phone Use and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Serbia 塞尔维亚学生的Facebook和手机使用与创业意向
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0023
J. Rajković, S. Kovačić, Jovanka Popović, Jasmina Poštin, Marko Konjikušić, M. Nikolić
Abstract The paper presents the results of the research of the impact that Facebook and smartphone use have on the enterprise potential, individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intentions of students in Serbia. The moderating effects of gender and the year of study were also examined. The sample included 488 valid questionnaires. From the Facebook use items, the most powerful and positive correlations were achieved by number of groups, number of friends and number of photos (items which involve active participation in Facebook activities, while a passive and random long stay on Facebook can negatively affect the entrepreneurship dimensions). More time spent on a mobile phone may produce a higher degree of passive behaviour in students, thus reducing their need for success. Creativity, subjective norm, achievement, innovativeness and leadership are under the greatest influence of Facebook and smartphone use items. The impact on entrepreneurial intentions is indirect. The recommendation for parents and teachers is to encourage young people to limit passive participation on Facebook and other social networks. There are no previous studies which link Facebook and smartphones with students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Understanding and improving knowledge of the entrepreneurial intention of individuals has a positive effect on the development of society.
摘要本文介绍了Facebook和智能手机使用对塞尔维亚学生的企业潜力、个人创业取向和创业意向的影响的研究结果。研究还考察了性别和学习年份的调节作用。样本包括有效问卷488份。从Facebook的使用项目来看,最强大的正相关是由小组数量、朋友数量和照片数量实现的(项目涉及积极参与Facebook活动,而被动和随机长期停留在Facebook上会对创业维度产生负面影响)。花在手机上的时间越长,学生的被动行为就越严重,从而降低了他们对成功的需求。Facebook和智能手机使用项目对创造力、主观规范、成就、创新性和领导力的影响最大。对创业意向的影响是间接的。对家长和老师的建议是鼓励年轻人限制被动参与Facebook和其他社交网络。此前没有研究将Facebook和智能手机与学生的创业意图联系起来。了解和提高对个人创业意愿的认识对社会的发展具有积极的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual Capital in Terms of Regional Development of the Republic of Serbia 塞尔维亚共和国区域发展中的智力资本
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0018
P. Veselinović, Marija Veljković
Abstract Empirical research of intellectual capital in term of regional development of the Republic of Serbia aims to show and explain the function of intellectual capital in the regional development of the Republic of Serbia, and point out the disparities of national regions in terms of economic development and intellectual capital resources. Intellectual capital today is one of the most important social subsystems, which, by its scope and influence, is gaining an increasing importance in the development of modern society. As a complex, dynamic human process of knowledge use, intellectual capital is tied to the notion of “new knowledge-based economy”. Intellectual capital at the macroeconomic level is a new area of research that focuses on understanding, measuring, and reporting on intangible assets that may have an impact on the creation of national wealth. The concept of intellectual capital is abstract, unambiguous and complex, which leads to numerous differences in the interpretation of this economic category. The results of empirical research confirmed that intellectual capital is in a significant linear functional relationship with economic growth in the Republic of Serbia - in 63.5% of cases, economic growth is explained by intellectual capital resources in the period 2012-2018. Also, the research confirmed significant inequalities in the development and available resources of intellectual capital in the regions of the Republic of Serbia.
塞尔维亚共和国智力资本区域发展实证研究旨在展示和解释智力资本在塞尔维亚共和国区域发展中的作用,并指出民族地区在经济发展和智力资本资源方面的差异。智力资本是当今社会最重要的子系统之一,其范围和影响在现代社会发展中越来越重要。作为一个复杂的、动态的人类知识利用过程,智力资本与“新知识经济”的概念联系在一起。宏观经济层面的智力资本是一个新的研究领域,其重点是理解、衡量和报告可能对国民财富创造产生影响的无形资产。智力资本的概念是抽象的、明确的和复杂的,这导致对这一经济类别的解释存在许多差异。实证研究结果证实,塞尔维亚共和国的智力资本与经济增长呈显著的线性函数关系——2012-2018年期间,智力资本资源在63.5%的情况下解释了经济增长。此外,研究还证实,塞尔维亚共和国各区域在智力资本的发展和现有资源方面存在着严重的不平等。
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引用次数: 1
Panel Cointegration Analysis of Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Selected Balkan Countries 巴尔干国家军费开支与经济增长的面板协整分析
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0021
Branimir Kalaš, V. Mirović, N. Milenković
Abstract The issue of security and safety i s a fundamental condition for stable economic trends. Military expenditure can be a very powerful tool for a rapid economic growth. The paper examines the long-run relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in the selected Balkan countries, such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia for the period 2004-2018. The analysis implies a panel unit root test, a panel cointegration test, as well as a panel Granger causality test. The results have identified a long-run relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in the Balkan countries based on panel data analysis. Also, empirical findings have confirmed that shock experience in one of the countries’ military expenditure and economic growth have effect on other countries. Finally, the results have determined unidirectional causality from military expenditure to economic growth in these countries and not vice versa.
安全问题是经济稳定发展的基本条件。军费开支可以成为经济快速增长的有力工具。本文研究了2004-2018年期间选定的巴尔干国家(如阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、克罗地亚、黑山、北马其顿、塞尔维亚和斯洛文尼亚)军费开支与经济增长之间的长期关系。分析采用了面板单位根检验、面板协整检验和面板格兰杰因果检验。结果根据面板数据分析确定了巴尔干国家军事开支与经济增长之间的长期关系。此外,实证研究结果证实,一国的军事开支和经济增长的冲击经验对其他国家有影响。最后,研究结果确定了这些国家军费开支与经济增长之间的单向因果关系,而不是相反。
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引用次数: 0
Potentials of Mountain Tourism Development of Southwestern Serbia 塞尔维亚西南部山区旅游发展潜力分析
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0019
Ljiljana Lešević, Dejan Đorđević, Vukašin Šušić
Abstract Mountain areas with their environment and facilities, appear as important parts of tourist regions with a potential for the development of complementary activities and a year-long tourism. Possibilities for the development of mountain tourism depend on the size of the mountain area, the nature protection regime, the equipment with infrastructure, the creation of conditions for vacation and recreation and the involvement of the local population in the process of development and protection. The area of southwestern Serbia has a quality and diverse potentials for the development of mountain tourism, of which only a part has been activated. The paper analyzes the potentials and various possibilities for the development of mountain tourism with a special emphasis on the mountains of southwestern Serbia.
山区及其环境和设施,作为旅游区的重要组成部分,具有发展互补性活动和全年旅游的潜力。发展山地旅游的可能性取决于山区面积的大小、自然保护制度、设备和基础设施、为度假和娱乐创造条件以及当地居民在发展和保护过程中的参与。塞尔维亚西南部地区具有发展山地旅游的高质量和多样化的潜力,其中只有一部分已被激活。本文分析了发展山地旅游的潜力和各种可能性,并特别强调了塞尔维亚西南部的山区。
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引用次数: 0
Supplier Selection Process Based on Green Approach 基于绿色方法的供应商选择过程
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0022
A. Anđelković, Goran Milovanović
Abstract The focus on profit and continuous struggle for increasing market share has gradually led to the neglect of the environment. The opportunist behavior of companies by threatening of ecological environment has led to a indirect neglect of its consumers. According to that, the implementation of green approach in all business areas has to be present. When it comes to a supply chain and its sustainability in an ecological sense, the question of adequate choice of suppliers and/or partners is a priority. The process of supplier selection is the first stage in the process of designing the supply chain. Therefore, this phase will decide whether the whole supply chain will be green-oriented. The aim of the paper is to point out the increasing implementation of the green approach in the supply chain, and above all in the supplier selection process. In addition, the paper analyses the impact of the economic environment as a factor of implementation of the green approach. In order to verify the hypothesis, the authors analyze EPI and LPI indexes, as well as the correlation between them. According to the results of the analysis, the authors indicate which countries are the green destinations and also the source of the green suppliers (green partners).
对利润的关注和对市场份额的不断争夺逐渐导致了对环境的忽视。企业威胁生态环境的机会主义行为导致了对消费者的间接忽视。据此,必须在所有业务领域实施绿色方法。当涉及到供应链及其生态意义上的可持续性时,供应商和/或合作伙伴的充分选择问题是一个优先事项。供应商选择过程是供应链设计过程中的第一阶段。因此,这一阶段将决定整个供应链是否以绿色为导向。本文的目的是指出在供应链中越来越多地实施绿色方法,尤其是在供应商选择过程中。此外,本文还分析了经济环境的影响作为实施绿色途径的一个因素。为了验证这一假设,作者分析了EPI和LPI指标,以及它们之间的相关性。根据分析结果,作者指出哪些国家是绿色目的地,哪些国家也是绿色供应商(绿色合作伙伴)的来源。
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引用次数: 1
National Innovation Capacity and Economic Progress of Countries 国家创新能力与国家经济发展
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0017
S. Cvetanović, Andrea Andrejevic Panic, A. Kostić
Abstract The ability of the national economy to create and to valorize innovations on the market in order to produce economic goods represents its national innovation capacity, which is at the same time a key determinant of countries’ economic progress. Due to this fact, its relevance imposes the task of identifying, as accurately as possible, the key theoretical postulates on which this concept is based, as well as calculating the Innovation capacity index by which it is possible to predict progress in building innovation capacity of individual countries and mutual comparison with other countries according to innovation capabilities. After a brief explanation of the essence of learning, on which this concept is based, an attempt is made to calculate the Innovation capacity of the European Union and the Western Balkans, on the one hand, and to consider the interdependence of the obtained results and the achieved level of their economic development in 2020, on the other hand. The results of the research confirmed the strong connection between the Innovation capacity index and the achieved level of economic development of countries expressed in terms of gross domestic product per capita.
国民经济为生产经济产品而在市场上创造创新并使其增值的能力代表了其国家创新能力,同时也是一个国家经济进步的关键决定因素。由于这一事实,其相关性提出了尽可能准确地识别这一概念所基于的关键理论假设的任务,以及计算创新能力指数,从而有可能预测单个国家创新能力建设的进展,并根据创新能力与其他国家进行相互比较。在简要解释了学习的本质之后,这一概念的基础,试图计算欧盟和西巴尔干地区的创新能力,一方面,考虑所获得的结果与2020年经济发展的相互依存关系,另一方面。研究结果证实了创新能力指数与以人均国内生产总值表示的各国经济发展水平之间的密切联系。
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引用次数: 1
Structural Transformation of the Textile Industry: The Case of the Republic of Serbia 纺织工业的结构转型:以塞尔维亚共和国为例
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0011
Živorad Gligorijević, Enes Ćorović, Aleksandar Manasijević
Abstract In the last few decades, the textile industry has been marked by great changes in its production and trade structure. Based on that, a greater involvement of this industry in the flows of international trade was initiated, with the stable intensification of the export positions of new production leaders. At the same time, this has led to key changes in the regional allocation of exports and imports of textile products. On the other hand, the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia has a long tradition and has had an important place in the structure of manufacturing industry for a long time. After the Second World War, the textile industry was one of the most important instruments of demographic and social policy. During the construction of the market system, the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia was unjustifiably neglected. Despite that fact, in the modern conditions, the textile industry has very important place in the exports structure of the Republic of Serbia. This paper gives specific theoretical and empirical recommendations to Serbian policy creators, through a comparison of the results of structural transformation of the textile industry at the global level and the results of this process in the textile industry of the Republic of Serbia.
近几十年来,纺织行业的生产结构和贸易结构发生了巨大变化。在此基础上,这一工业开始更多地参与国际贸易流动,新的生产领导企业的出口地位稳定地加强。与此同时,这也导致了纺织品进出口的区域分配发生了重大变化。另一方面,塞尔维亚共和国的纺织工业有着悠久的传统,长期以来在制造业结构中占有重要地位。第二次世界大战后,纺织工业是人口和社会政策最重要的工具之一。在市场体系的建设过程中,塞尔维亚共和国的纺织业受到了不合理的忽视。尽管如此,在现代条件下,纺织工业在塞尔维亚共和国的出口结构中占有非常重要的地位。本文通过比较全球纺织工业结构转型的结果和塞尔维亚共和国纺织工业结构转型的结果,为塞尔维亚的政策制定者提供了具体的理论和实证建议。
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引用次数: 2
Modelling Development of Voluntary Pension Fund Using Mathematical Model of Approximation with Lagrange Interpolation Polynomials 基于拉格朗日插值多项式近似数学模型的自愿养老基金建模研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0014
I. Radojković, Branislav Ranđelović, Ivana Ilić
Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR), as a concept that tackles economic, The introduction of private pension funds is the essence of the reform of the pension system in Serbia. Private pension funds in Serbia are based on voluntary benefits. Thus, the functioning of the pension system takes place in three interconnected processes: payments to a voluntary pension fund, investment of free funds, and ultimately programmed payments – pensions. The stability in the voluntary pension funds and the predictability of payments allow the quality of investment portfolio to be formed and achieve a long-term yield of investment. In this paper, we implement a well-known approximation method of Lagrange polynomial interpolation. We use it in order to find appropriate mathematical model for prediction of the number of fund members and the average salary in Serbia. This calculation is based on data (average salaries and fund member) from the last five years, i.e. from the period 2015-2019. We calculated the exact mathematical formula, then we compared the results and predictions obtained with that formula and with the formula from one of our previous works. In keeping with that, the appropriate conclusions were given..
企业社会责任(CSR)作为一个解决经济问题的概念,引入私人养老基金是塞尔维亚养老金制度改革的实质。塞尔维亚的私人养老基金是以自愿福利为基础的。因此,养恤金制度的运作是在三个相互关联的过程中进行的:向自愿养恤金基金付款,自由基金的投资,最后是计划付款- -养恤金。自愿养老基金的稳定性和支付的可预测性使投资组合的质量得以形成,并实现长期的投资收益。在本文中,我们实现了一个著名的拉格朗日多项式插值近似方法。我们用它来寻找合适的数学模型来预测基金成员的数量和塞尔维亚的平均工资。这一计算基于过去五年(即2015-2019年)的数据(平均工资和基金成员)。我们计算出精确的数学公式,然后将该公式与我们以前工作中的公式得到的结果和预测进行比较。据此,得出了适当的结论。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Macroprudential Policy in Bank Housing Loans Portfolio Quality Assurance 宏观审慎政策在银行住房贷款组合质量保证中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ethemes-2021-0016
Mirela Mitrašević
Abstract The subject of this paper is the contemporary trend in residential real estate markets in European countries and their impact on the quality of banks’ housing loan portfolios. Due to the fact that these are the markets that still have not fully recovered from the previous financial crisis, and at the time of writing were exposed to significant uncertainty related to the effects of specific business conditions caused by COVID-19, the research on the risks related to these markets and tools which can mitigate their consequences are of paramount importance. Given the fact that the importance of monitoring the emergence of systemic risks in the financial system and the design of macroprudential tools for Bosnia and Herzegovina is yet to come, one of the aims of the paper is to present the results of the research on the effectiveness of certain macroprudential policy measures for mitigating the impact of price fluctuations in residential real estate markets. A special attention is paid to the challenges that the real estate market and mortgage loans have been facing during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides a basis for future researches examining to which extent the applied macroprudential policy measures in some countries have been effective in hitherto unprecedented business conditions
本文的主题是欧洲国家住宅房地产市场的当代趋势及其对银行住房贷款组合质量的影响。由于这些市场尚未完全从之前的金融危机中恢复过来,并且在撰写本文时面临与COVID-19造成的特定业务条件影响相关的重大不确定性,因此研究与这些市场相关的风险以及可以减轻其后果的工具至关重要。鉴于监测波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那金融系统系统性风险的出现和宏观审慎工具的设计的重要性尚未到来,本文的目的之一是介绍关于减轻住宅房地产市场价格波动影响的某些宏观审慎政策措施有效性的研究结果。特别关注在新冠疫情危机中房地产市场和抵押贷款面临的挑战。本文为今后研究一些国家的宏观审慎政策措施在迄今为止前所未有的商业环境中有效到何种程度提供了基础
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引用次数: 0
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Economic Themes
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