Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00669-0
Okan Mert Katipoğlu
{"title":"Evaporation Prediction with Wavelet-Based Hyperparameter Optimized K-Nearest Neighbors and Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithms in a Semi-Arid Environment","authors":"Okan Mert Katipoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00669-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00669-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00668-1
Gayane Babayan, Boris Adamovich
{"title":"Water Quality Assessment of Large Alpine Sevan Lake","authors":"Gayane Babayan, Boris Adamovich","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00668-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00668-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00663-6
Kristina Šarović, Zvjezdana B. Klaić
Abstract As closed systems, lakes are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Understanding the response to climate change is crucial for effective management and conservation of the lakes and their associated ecosystems. This study focuses on Lake Kozjak, Croatia, a small lake belonging to the Plitvice Lakes system. This system represents a unique hydrogeological karstic phenomenon, closely dependent on a delicate biochemical balance necessary for tufa formation. We apply a simple one-dimensional model, SIMO v.1.0, to predict future water temperature in Lake Kozjak under three scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from 2006 to 2100. The model was calibrated using measured water temperature profiles and meteorological data from a nearby station. In addition to analyzing the average temperatures of the epilimnion, hypolimnion and the whole lake, we also studied the surface and bottom layer temperatures and their relation to specific forcing parameters. The Schmidt stability index was used as a quantitative indicator to assess lake stability. The simulation results indicate average lake water temperature increase of 0.51, 1.41 and 4.51 °C (100 y) −1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This increase in the water temperature is not accompanied by a substantial strengthening of stratification under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios due to the temperature raise being present both in the epilimnion and hypolimnion. However, significant lengthening of the stratification period is observed even for the most stringent scenario, 16, 28 and 47 d (100 y) −1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The predicted water temperature increase and prolonged stratification period may carry serious ecological and environmental implications. Highlights • Mean lake water temperature is projected to increase by 0.51 to 4.51 °C (100 y) −1 . • Baseline scenario surface temperature increase of 5.2 °C (100 y) −1 is predicted. • Stratification period is predicted to lengthen by 16 (RCP2.6) to 47 days (RCP8.5). • Substantial stratification strengthening is expected only under RCP8.5.
{"title":"Effect of Climate Change on Water Temperature and Stratification of a Small, Temperate, Karstic Lake (Lake Kozjak, Croatia)","authors":"Kristina Šarović, Zvjezdana B. Klaić","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00663-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00663-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As closed systems, lakes are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Understanding the response to climate change is crucial for effective management and conservation of the lakes and their associated ecosystems. This study focuses on Lake Kozjak, Croatia, a small lake belonging to the Plitvice Lakes system. This system represents a unique hydrogeological karstic phenomenon, closely dependent on a delicate biochemical balance necessary for tufa formation. We apply a simple one-dimensional model, SIMO v.1.0, to predict future water temperature in Lake Kozjak under three scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from 2006 to 2100. The model was calibrated using measured water temperature profiles and meteorological data from a nearby station. In addition to analyzing the average temperatures of the epilimnion, hypolimnion and the whole lake, we also studied the surface and bottom layer temperatures and their relation to specific forcing parameters. The Schmidt stability index was used as a quantitative indicator to assess lake stability. The simulation results indicate average lake water temperature increase of 0.51, 1.41 and 4.51 °C (100 y) −1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. This increase in the water temperature is not accompanied by a substantial strengthening of stratification under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios due to the temperature raise being present both in the epilimnion and hypolimnion. However, significant lengthening of the stratification period is observed even for the most stringent scenario, 16, 28 and 47 d (100 y) −1 for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The predicted water temperature increase and prolonged stratification period may carry serious ecological and environmental implications. Highlights • Mean lake water temperature is projected to increase by 0.51 to 4.51 °C (100 y) −1 . • Baseline scenario surface temperature increase of 5.2 °C (100 y) −1 is predicted. • Stratification period is predicted to lengthen by 16 (RCP2.6) to 47 days (RCP8.5). • Substantial stratification strengthening is expected only under RCP8.5.","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00662-7
Simplice A. Asongu, Cheikh T. Ndour
Abstract This article examines how good governance counteracts the effects of military expenditure on carbon emissions in forty African countries. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used to analyze time series data from 2010 to 2020. Military expenditure per capita is used to measure military expenditure per penetration, while CO 2 emissions per capita are used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The following findings are established. First, from the non-interactive regressions, we find suggestive evidence that arms expenditure increases CO 2 emissions. All indicators of good governance contribute to the increase of CO 2 emissions. Second, with interactive regressions, we find that improved governance has a negative effect on CO 2 emissions per capita. Third, the results are robust to a sensitivity check, considering the synergy effects of governance. This paper provides policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, military expenditure and governance that could help to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing CO 2 emissions. In addition, the study findings can provide guidance to other developing countries seeking to implement effective approaches to environmental sustainability while strengthening climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
{"title":"Military Expenditure, Governance, and Environmental Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Simplice A. Asongu, Cheikh T. Ndour","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00662-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00662-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines how good governance counteracts the effects of military expenditure on carbon emissions in forty African countries. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used to analyze time series data from 2010 to 2020. Military expenditure per capita is used to measure military expenditure per penetration, while CO 2 emissions per capita are used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The following findings are established. First, from the non-interactive regressions, we find suggestive evidence that arms expenditure increases CO 2 emissions. All indicators of good governance contribute to the increase of CO 2 emissions. Second, with interactive regressions, we find that improved governance has a negative effect on CO 2 emissions per capita. Third, the results are robust to a sensitivity check, considering the synergy effects of governance. This paper provides policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, military expenditure and governance that could help to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing CO 2 emissions. In addition, the study findings can provide guidance to other developing countries seeking to implement effective approaches to environmental sustainability while strengthening climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00654-7
G. M. Wangi, P. W. Olupot, J. Byaruhanga, R. Kulabako
{"title":"Characterization of Natural Zeolite and Determination of its Ion-exchange Potential for Selected Metal Ions in Water","authors":"G. M. Wangi, P. W. Olupot, J. Byaruhanga, R. Kulabako","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00654-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00654-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00661-8
S. G. Bhat, D. B. Kodavoor, S. Raja, T. Varadavenkatesan, D. M. Somashekara
Abstract The increased global population has concurrently increased waste disposal, whose majority is conventional plastic. In this study, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), an alternative biopolymer to conventional plastics, were extracted from bacteria Bacillus sp ., using response surface methodology (RSM), a statistical approach. To design, optimize and study the relationship between the parameters (glass beads weight, incubation time, water volume, incubation temperature, and shaker speed) Box-Behnken Design of response surface methodology was applied in Design Expert 10.0 software package. The solvent method is known in PHA extraction; however, this approach is environmentally hazardous on a large scale. The current study used a physical extraction method using glass beads for bacterial cell lysis. As a characterization, FTIR, 1HNMR, and DSC confirmed the recovered polymer as Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB). 31.53% (w/v) of PHB was recovered for 1 g/L biomass. PHB is known to be widely applied in various fields, specifically in medical applications. Genetically modified isolate, low-cost substrate, and recovery without solvent assure a cost-effective and increased PHA production. Glass beads can be reused in extraction, reducing overall production cost. Therefore, this work used a reduced amount of chemicals during extraction to recover the PHB. Thus, sustainability assures a better scope for the future promotion of PHA production in academia and industries. Highlights Sustainable PHA extraction alternatives, reducing environmental impact, were studied. Glass beads are used to lyse the cell to release the PHA from the bacteria Bacillus sp. Box-Behnken design optimized extraction parameters for maximum recovery of PHA. The cellular lysis approach yields higher recovery than solvent-method recovery and is eco-friendly. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Optimization of Physical Parameters Involved in Cell Lysis of Bacillus Sp. to Recover Bioplastic Polyhydroxyalkanoates","authors":"S. G. Bhat, D. B. Kodavoor, S. Raja, T. Varadavenkatesan, D. M. Somashekara","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00661-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00661-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increased global population has concurrently increased waste disposal, whose majority is conventional plastic. In this study, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), an alternative biopolymer to conventional plastics, were extracted from bacteria Bacillus sp ., using response surface methodology (RSM), a statistical approach. To design, optimize and study the relationship between the parameters (glass beads weight, incubation time, water volume, incubation temperature, and shaker speed) Box-Behnken Design of response surface methodology was applied in Design Expert 10.0 software package. The solvent method is known in PHA extraction; however, this approach is environmentally hazardous on a large scale. The current study used a physical extraction method using glass beads for bacterial cell lysis. As a characterization, FTIR, 1HNMR, and DSC confirmed the recovered polymer as Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB). 31.53% (w/v) of PHB was recovered for 1 g/L biomass. PHB is known to be widely applied in various fields, specifically in medical applications. Genetically modified isolate, low-cost substrate, and recovery without solvent assure a cost-effective and increased PHA production. Glass beads can be reused in extraction, reducing overall production cost. Therefore, this work used a reduced amount of chemicals during extraction to recover the PHB. Thus, sustainability assures a better scope for the future promotion of PHA production in academia and industries. Highlights Sustainable PHA extraction alternatives, reducing environmental impact, were studied. Glass beads are used to lyse the cell to release the PHA from the bacteria Bacillus sp. Box-Behnken design optimized extraction parameters for maximum recovery of PHA. The cellular lysis approach yields higher recovery than solvent-method recovery and is eco-friendly. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00656-5
N. A. Roshni, M Zahid Hasan, Md Abdul Wadud, Ahmed Khairul Hasan, R. Akter, Rafat Nur Abdullah Khan, S. Hemel
{"title":"Toxic Metal Levels in Forest Soils Caused by Industrialization and Impacts on Tree Biomass Carbon Stock","authors":"N. A. Roshni, M Zahid Hasan, Md Abdul Wadud, Ahmed Khairul Hasan, R. Akter, Rafat Nur Abdullah Khan, S. Hemel","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00656-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00656-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83042554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s40710-023-00660-9
Farid Afzalsoltani, Jafar Yazdi
{"title":"Development of a Model for Sediment Evacuation from Reservoirs","authors":"Farid Afzalsoltani, Jafar Yazdi","doi":"10.1007/s40710-023-00660-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-023-00660-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11875,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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