Souza Jcm, Sordi Mb, Kanazawa M, R. S, H. B., Silva Fs, Aparicio C, Cooper Lf
The main aim of this review study was to report the state of art on the technological improvements of titanium implant surfaces to accelerate the osseointegration process.Several methods of surface modification are chronologically described bridging ordinary methods (e.g. grit blasting and etching) and novel physicochemical approaches such as 3D-laser printing and biomimetic modification. Advanced functionalization procedures by using proteins, peptides, and bioactive ceramics have provided an enhancement of wettability and bioactivity of implant surfaces. Furthermore, recent findings have revealed a combined beneficial effect of micro- and nano-scale modification and biomimetic functionalization of titanium surfaces. However, some technological developments of implant surfaces are not commercially available yet due to costs and a lack of clinical validation of the novel surfaces. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to endorse of the use of enhanced biomimetic implant surfaces.
{"title":"Can We Further Improve Titanium Implant Surfaces at Nanoscale to Enhance Osseointegration?","authors":"Souza Jcm, Sordi Mb, Kanazawa M, R. S, H. B., Silva Fs, Aparicio C, Cooper Lf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3325400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3325400","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this review study was to report the state of art on the technological improvements of titanium implant surfaces to accelerate the osseointegration process.Several methods of surface modification are chronologically described bridging ordinary methods (e.g. grit blasting and etching) and novel physicochemical approaches such as 3D-laser printing and biomimetic modification. Advanced functionalization procedures by using proteins, peptides, and bioactive ceramics have provided an enhancement of wettability and bioactivity of implant surfaces. Furthermore, recent findings have revealed a combined beneficial effect of micro- and nano-scale modification and biomimetic functionalization of titanium surfaces. However, some technological developments of implant surfaces are not commercially available yet due to costs and a lack of clinical validation of the novel surfaces. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to endorse of the use of enhanced biomimetic implant surfaces.","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82549018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guang Chu, A. Camposeo, R. Vilensky, G. Vasilyev, Patrick Martin, D. Pisignano, E. Zussman
Summary Wrought by nature's wondrous hand, surface topographies are discovered on all length scales in living creatures and serve a variety of functions. Inspired by floral striations, here we developed a scalable means of fabricating custom-tailored photonic cellulose films that contained both cholesteric organization and microscopic wrinkly surface topography. Free-standing films were prepared by molding cellulose nanocrystal ink onto an oriented wrinkled template through evaporation-assisted nanoimprinting lithography, yielding morphology-induced light scattering at a short wavelength as well as optically tunable structural color derived from the helical cellulose matrix. As a result, the interplay between the two photonic structures, grating-like surface and chiral bulk, led to selective scattering of circularly polarized light with specific handedness. Moreover, the wrinkled surface relief on cholesteric cellulose films could be precisely controlled, enabling engineered printing of microscopic patterned images.
{"title":"Printing Flowers? Custom-Tailored Photonic Cellulose Films with Engineered Surface Topography","authors":"Guang Chu, A. Camposeo, R. Vilensky, G. Vasilyev, Patrick Martin, D. Pisignano, E. Zussman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3318943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3318943","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Wrought by nature's wondrous hand, surface topographies are discovered on all length scales in living creatures and serve a variety of functions. Inspired by floral striations, here we developed a scalable means of fabricating custom-tailored photonic cellulose films that contained both cholesteric organization and microscopic wrinkly surface topography. Free-standing films were prepared by molding cellulose nanocrystal ink onto an oriented wrinkled template through evaporation-assisted nanoimprinting lithography, yielding morphology-induced light scattering at a short wavelength as well as optically tunable structural color derived from the helical cellulose matrix. As a result, the interplay between the two photonic structures, grating-like surface and chiral bulk, led to selective scattering of circularly polarized light with specific handedness. Moreover, the wrinkled surface relief on cholesteric cellulose films could be precisely controlled, enabling engineered printing of microscopic patterned images.","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82097803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Grigsby, Sonya M. Scott, Matthew I. Plowman-Holmes, P. Middlewood, Kimberly Recabar
Additive manufacturing using Nature's resources is a desirable goal. In this work we examine how the inherent macromolecular properties of keratin and lignin can be utilised and developed using green chemistry principles to form 4D functional materials. A new methodology utilising protein complexation by lignin was applied to form copolymers and reinforce keratin cross-linking networks on aqueous and solid state processing. Solubility, chemical and processing characteristics found a favoured 4:1 ratio of keratin to lignin was most desired for effective further processing as 3D printed forms. Thermally processing keratin-lignin with plasticisers and processing aids demonstrated extruded FDM filaments could be formed at temperatures >130˚C, but degradation of keratin-lignin materials was observed. Employing paste printing strategies, keratin-lignin hydrogels could successfully print 3D skirt outlines. This was achieved with aqueous hydrogels prepared at 30-40% solids content with and without plasticizers over a defined processing timeframe. Mechanical response to moisture stimuli was successfully demonstrated for the 4:1 keratin-lignin printed material on water soaking, realising the ability of these keratin-lignin biocomposite materials to introduce a 4th dimensional response after 3D printing.
{"title":"Combination and Processing Keratin with Lignin as Novel Biocomposite Materials for Additive Manufacturing Technology","authors":"W. Grigsby, Sonya M. Scott, Matthew I. Plowman-Holmes, P. Middlewood, Kimberly Recabar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3455069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3455069","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing using Nature's resources is a desirable goal. In this work we examine how the inherent macromolecular properties of keratin and lignin can be utilised and developed using green chemistry principles to form 4D functional materials. A new methodology utilising protein complexation by lignin was applied to form copolymers and reinforce keratin cross-linking networks on aqueous and solid state processing. Solubility, chemical and processing characteristics found a favoured 4:1 ratio of keratin to lignin was most desired for effective further processing as 3D printed forms. Thermally processing keratin-lignin with plasticisers and processing aids demonstrated extruded FDM filaments could be formed at temperatures >130˚C, but degradation of keratin-lignin materials was observed. Employing paste printing strategies, keratin-lignin hydrogels could successfully print 3D skirt outlines. This was achieved with aqueous hydrogels prepared at 30-40% solids content with and without plasticizers over a defined processing timeframe. Mechanical response to moisture stimuli was successfully demonstrated for the 4:1 keratin-lignin printed material on water soaking, realising the ability of these keratin-lignin biocomposite materials to introduce a 4th dimensional response after 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87784353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat is an important crop plant cultivated worldwide on a large scale so as to meet food requirement. As every other plant wheat plants also gets exposed to several abiotic stress which adversely affect the growth and productivity. Salt stress is one crucial abiotic stress which is known to hamper growth of several plant species. In the present study five different wheat varieties (HD2687, HD2329, C306, PBW343, HD2307) were selected and were grown in presence of different concentrations of NaCl (100mM, 200mM, 250mM). Increasing concentration of NaCl was found to adversely affect germination rate, shoot and root length. Chlorophyll content was found to decrease in plants under salt stress whereas proline content enhanced as compared to control plants.
{"title":"Effect of Salt Stress on Growth of Selected Varieties of Triticum Aestivum","authors":"Piyush Tyagi, Esha Bhatti, N. Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3298696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3298696","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is an important crop plant cultivated worldwide on a large scale so as to meet food requirement. As every other plant wheat plants also gets exposed to several abiotic stress which adversely affect the growth and productivity. Salt stress is one crucial abiotic stress which is known to hamper growth of several plant species. In the present study five different wheat varieties (HD2687, HD2329, C306, PBW343, HD2307) were selected and were grown in presence of different concentrations of NaCl (100mM, 200mM, 250mM). Increasing concentration of NaCl was found to adversely affect germination rate, shoot and root length. Chlorophyll content was found to decrease in plants under salt stress whereas proline content enhanced as compared to control plants. <br>","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84229557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Polymer matrix composites are attractive material in medical application due to its various attractive properties. It includes light weight to high strength ratio, ease of processing both complex and simple shape This paper describes on reinforcement of alumina and titanium oxide with bio polymer matrix composite using polyamide (Nylon). The samples were manufactured by injection moulding machine with varying the percentage of reinforcing particles. Also various tests namely, tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, wear, SEM and corrosion were conducted on the prepared samples. Samples were fabricated as per ASTM standard. Injection moulding process is a defect free casting process. From the results concluded that, Polymer matrix composites of Nylon, Titanium Dioxide and Alumina composition will be a suitable biomaterial. Result shows that, 70% Nylon +10% Titanium Dioxide +20% Alumina polymer matrix composite is suitable an implantable biomaterial.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Polyamide-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide for Biomedical Application","authors":"V. Gulia, R. Dhabale, V. Jatti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3101406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101406","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Polymer matrix composites are attractive material in medical application due to its various attractive properties. It includes light weight to high strength ratio, ease of processing both complex and simple shape This paper describes on reinforcement of alumina and titanium oxide with bio polymer matrix composite using polyamide (Nylon). The samples were manufactured by injection moulding machine with varying the percentage of reinforcing particles. Also various tests namely, tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, wear, SEM and corrosion were conducted on the prepared samples. Samples were fabricated as per ASTM standard. Injection moulding process is a defect free casting process. From the results concluded that, Polymer matrix composites of Nylon, Titanium Dioxide and Alumina composition will be a suitable biomaterial. Result shows that, 70% Nylon +10% Titanium Dioxide +20% Alumina polymer matrix composite is suitable an implantable biomaterial.","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90338092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-05DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2016.962.972
R. Aversa, R. Petrescu, A. Apicella, F. Petrescu
All synthetic and natural materials to be used in biomedical applications that involve the contact with human body need to be investigated for their physical and chemical modification induced by the human physiological fluids contact and sorption. The development and testing in human physiological equivalent fluids of new hybrid biomaterials are presented. The role of water and its equilibrium modification in the human physiology is discussed and the swelling and sorption behavior in the physiological environment of a nanostructured and osteoconductive biomaterials based on Poly-Hydroxyl-Ethyl-Meth Acrylate matrix (pHEMA) filled with fumed amorphous nanosilica particles is presented. This material differently swells in presence of aqueous physiological solution fluid. Biological hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration and growth made using synthetic materials able to correctly interact with the physiological fluids while inducing the growth of biological tissues may favor the birth in the medical field of a new class of hybrid materials. Our multidisciplinary approach explores in the this paper, novel ideas in modeling, design and fabrication of new nanostructured scaffolding biomaterials with enhanced functionality and improved interaction with OB cells.
{"title":"Physiologic Human Fluids and Swelling Behavior of Hydrophilic Biocompatible Hybrid Ceramo-Polymeric Materials","authors":"R. Aversa, R. Petrescu, A. Apicella, F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2016.962.972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2016.962.972","url":null,"abstract":"All synthetic and natural materials to be used in biomedical applications that involve the contact with human body need to be investigated for their physical and chemical modification induced by the human physiological fluids contact and sorption. The development and testing in human physiological equivalent fluids of new hybrid biomaterials are presented. The role of water and its equilibrium modification in the human physiology is discussed and the swelling and sorption behavior in the physiological environment of a nanostructured and osteoconductive biomaterials based on Poly-Hydroxyl-Ethyl-Meth Acrylate matrix (pHEMA) filled with fumed amorphous nanosilica particles is presented. This material differently swells in presence of aqueous physiological solution fluid. Biological hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration and growth made using synthetic materials able to correctly interact with the physiological fluids while inducing the growth of biological tissues may favor the birth in the medical field of a new class of hybrid materials. Our multidisciplinary approach explores in the this paper, novel ideas in modeling, design and fabrication of new nanostructured scaffolding biomaterials with enhanced functionality and improved interaction with OB cells.","PeriodicalId":11894,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Biomaterials (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77791429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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