Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103384
Chea Eliyan, Jennifer McConville, Christian Zurbrügg, Thammarat Koottatep, Kok Sothea, Björn Vinnerås
Selection of appropriate sustainable treatment technologies involves satisfying user requirements, quality standards on treatment and products, and specific socio-technical constraints in the intended context. Using locally adapted multi-criteria assessment (MCA), this study investigated faecal sludge treatment technologies that enable resource recovery in Phnom Penh. A four-step structured approach was applied, involving i) identification of available options, ii) prerequisite screening, iii) MCA and iv) stakeholder discussions and ranking. Data were collected in a literature review, stakeholder interviews and an online survey. Lists of suitable primary (n=7) and secondary (n=13) treatment technologies were compiled based on the literature. Four secondary treatment technologies (solar drying, co-composting, vermicomposting, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting) were retained after prerequisite screening and subjected to MCA. Co-composting was ranked highest in MCA, since it performed well in multiple aspects, especially for health criteria. However, when economic return on investment was prioritised and a lower treatment class was accepted, e.g. WHO Class B biosolids, the highest ranking was achieved by vermicomposting or BSFL composting. If institutional criteria were included in the assessment, solar drying would likely be the highest-ranked option, since this simple technology requires less logistically complex stakeholder arrangements than co-composting. These results show that the ranking obtained for different sludge treatment options depends on criteria weighting and trade-offs. Considering secondary treatment options is crucial during early planning for faecal sludge management in a city of low-and-middle income countries, as the primary treatment must yield appropriate feedstock quality for the secondary treatment step.
{"title":"Sustainability assessment of faecal sludge treatment technologies for resource recovery in Phnom Penh, Cambodia","authors":"Chea Eliyan, Jennifer McConville, Christian Zurbrügg, Thammarat Koottatep, Kok Sothea, Björn Vinnerås","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103384","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of appropriate sustainable treatment technologies involves satisfying user requirements, quality standards on treatment and products, and specific socio-technical constraints in the intended context. Using locally adapted multi-criteria assessment (MCA), this study investigated faecal sludge treatment technologies that enable resource recovery in Phnom Penh. A four-step structured approach was applied, involving i) identification of available options, ii) prerequisite screening, iii) MCA and iv) stakeholder discussions and ranking. Data were collected in a literature review, stakeholder interviews and an online survey. Lists of suitable primary (n=7) and secondary (n=13) treatment technologies were compiled based on the literature. Four secondary treatment technologies (solar drying, co-composting, vermicomposting, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting) were retained after prerequisite screening and subjected to MCA. Co-composting was ranked highest in MCA, since it performed well in multiple aspects, especially for health criteria. However, when economic return on investment was prioritised and a lower treatment class was accepted, e.g. WHO Class B biosolids, the highest ranking was achieved by vermicomposting or BSFL composting. If institutional criteria were included in the assessment, solar drying would likely be the highest-ranked option, since this simple technology requires less logistically complex stakeholder arrangements than co-composting. These results show that the ranking obtained for different sludge treatment options depends on criteria weighting and trade-offs. Considering secondary treatment options is crucial during early planning for faecal sludge management in a city of low-and-middle income countries, as the primary treatment must yield appropriate feedstock quality for the secondary treatment step.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"302 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103387
Sarmad Dashti Latif, Mustafa Almalayih, Ayman Yafouz, Ali Najah Ahmed, Nur’atiah Zaini, Dani Irwan, Nouar AlDahoul, Mohsen Sherif, Ahmed El-Shafie
Insidious toxin carbon monoxide (CO) can imitate a wide range of different disease states. Clinicians have, and will continue to have, serious concerns about the impact of CO imbalances on the human body. Carbon monoxide concentration has been exceeding the allowable levels in Malaysia. Owing to this, the main objective of this research is to propose a carbon monoxide (CO) prediction model based on machine learning techniques. Three years of historical data were used as input to develop the proposed models to predict carbon monoxide concentrations on a 12-hour and 24-hour basis. Four different machine learning technique models were used for the prediction which are Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Automated Neural Network – Multi-Layer Perceptron (ANN-MLP). The input parameters used are wind speed, humidity, Ozone (O3), Nitric oxide (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). For each location, in this study, the uncertainty of the models utilized has been implemented to ensure the robustness of the performance. Furthermore, Taylor Diagram has been constructed to distinguish the performance of each model. The results indicate that ANN-MLP outperformed the all-other models involved in this study and showed efficiency in predicting Carbone monoxide concentration. By using ANN-MLP, the highest determination coefficient R2 were achieved which are 0.7190, 0.8914 and 0.7441 for the first station (S1), second station (S2) and the third station (S3) respectively by using 24-hour dataset. Meanwhile, by using a 12-hour dataset, 0.7490 for S1, 0.8942 for S2 and 0.8127 for S3. The uncertainty analysis of the ANN-MLP has 0.99 of confidence level and the lowest d-factor achieved, at S2 by using 12-hour dataset, is 0.000250455. These results ensure the effectiveness and robustness of ANN-MLP to predict carbon monoxide in the tropospheric layer. Not applicable.
{"title":"Prediction Of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide Concentration Utilizing Different Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","authors":"Sarmad Dashti Latif, Mustafa Almalayih, Ayman Yafouz, Ali Najah Ahmed, Nur’atiah Zaini, Dani Irwan, Nouar AlDahoul, Mohsen Sherif, Ahmed El-Shafie","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103387","url":null,"abstract":"Insidious toxin carbon monoxide (CO) can imitate a wide range of different disease states. Clinicians have, and will continue to have, serious concerns about the impact of CO imbalances on the human body. Carbon monoxide concentration has been exceeding the allowable levels in Malaysia. Owing to this, the main objective of this research is to propose a carbon monoxide (CO) prediction model based on machine learning techniques. Three years of historical data were used as input to develop the proposed models to predict carbon monoxide concentrations on a 12-hour and 24-hour basis. Four different machine learning technique models were used for the prediction which are Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Automated Neural Network – Multi-Layer Perceptron (ANN-MLP). The input parameters used are wind speed, humidity, Ozone (O3), Nitric oxide (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). For each location, in this study, the uncertainty of the models utilized has been implemented to ensure the robustness of the performance. Furthermore, Taylor Diagram has been constructed to distinguish the performance of each model. The results indicate that ANN-MLP outperformed the all-other models involved in this study and showed efficiency in predicting Carbone monoxide concentration. By using ANN-MLP, the highest determination coefficient R2 were achieved which are 0.7190, 0.8914 and 0.7441 for the first station (S1), second station (S2) and the third station (S3) respectively by using 24-hour dataset. Meanwhile, by using a 12-hour dataset, 0.7490 for S1, 0.8942 for S2 and 0.8127 for S3. The uncertainty analysis of the ANN-MLP has 0.99 of confidence level and the lowest d-factor achieved, at S2 by using 12-hour dataset, is 0.000250455. These results ensure the effectiveness and robustness of ANN-MLP to predict carbon monoxide in the tropospheric layer. Not applicable.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"114 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the extensive utilization of ofloxacin (OFX) has led to elevated concentration of OFX compound in the aquatic environment. At the same time, the inherent recalcitrance of OFX has presented a formidable challenge for OFX degradation. In this study, lanthanum cerium perovskite (LaCeO3) was prepared by citric acid sol–gel method to activate bisulfite (BS) for the effective degradation of OFX. The results revealed that the LaCeO3/BS system removed 87.5% of OFX within 180 min with a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of 3 × 10−3 min −1. Radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that sulfate radicals (SO4•_) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were the primary reactive species responsible for OFX removal in LaCeO3/BS system. The reaction mechanism indicated that Ce in LaCeO3/BS system served as the primary active site for BS activation, and a regenerating cycle involving ≡Ce(III)/≡Ce(IV) was present. Additionally, possible intermediate products were identified by a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), revealing potential degradation pathways of OFX. Cycle tests and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) data demonstrated the favorable reusability and stability of LaCeO3.
{"title":"Degradation of ofloxacin by lanthanum cerate perovskite activated bisulfite","authors":"Xiangyu Meng, Zhenran Wang, Kerui Li, Yiqing Liu, Dandan Zhao, Yongsheng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103370","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the extensive utilization of ofloxacin (OFX) has led to elevated concentration of OFX compound in the aquatic environment. At the same time, the inherent recalcitrance of OFX has presented a formidable challenge for OFX degradation. In this study, lanthanum cerium perovskite (LaCeO3) was prepared by citric acid sol–gel method to activate bisulfite (BS) for the effective degradation of OFX. The results revealed that the LaCeO3/BS system removed 87.5% of OFX within 180 min with a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of 3 × 10−3 min −1. Radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that sulfate radicals (SO4•_) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were the primary reactive species responsible for OFX removal in LaCeO3/BS system. The reaction mechanism indicated that Ce in LaCeO3/BS system served as the primary active site for BS activation, and a regenerating cycle involving ≡Ce(III)/≡Ce(IV) was present. Additionally, possible intermediate products were identified by a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), revealing potential degradation pathways of OFX. Cycle tests and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) data demonstrated the favorable reusability and stability of LaCeO3.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103432
João Pinto, Daniela Branco, Lina Carvalho, Bruno Henriques, Rosa Freitas, Tito Trindade, Daniela Tavares, Eduarda Pereira
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are nearly irreplaceable in many technologies, but their supply is limited by geopolitical factors. Additionally, their exploration and refinement bring serious environmental consequences. As such, alternative sourcing of these elements through methods such as sorption has recently been attempted. Nanoparticles are exceptional REE sorbents, however, difficulties in material separation post-sorption have fueled an interest in the use of magnetic nanoparticles, which can be easily separated from the solution by applying an external magnetic field. In this study, we explore the influence of sorbent dosage, pH and matrix complexity in the removal of trivalent cations of nine REE (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) using manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4); herein the abbreviation REE is employed to indicate such elements including the trivalent cations. The REE removal increased for higher sorbent dosages and pH. More than 90% of REE in mono-elemental solutions were removed from water at pH 6 and 8. Removal below 10% was observed for pH < 4, due to the positive surface charge of the sorbent which did not favor interaction with cationic REE species. Increasing the complexity of the matrix, the removal of REE from water decreased considerably, which can be attributed an increase of total REE concentration and the limited number of sorption sites in the sorbent. Further sorption inhibition was reported in increased ionic strength scenarios (mineral and saline water), possibly due to competition with Na+, which may limit the application of this material in complex matrices.
{"title":"Influence of experimental parameters on the sorption behavior of Rare Earth Elements on manganese ferrite nanoparticles","authors":"João Pinto, Daniela Branco, Lina Carvalho, Bruno Henriques, Rosa Freitas, Tito Trindade, Daniela Tavares, Eduarda Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103432","url":null,"abstract":"Rare Earth Elements (REE) are nearly irreplaceable in many technologies, but their supply is limited by geopolitical factors. Additionally, their exploration and refinement bring serious environmental consequences. As such, alternative sourcing of these elements through methods such as sorption has recently been attempted. Nanoparticles are exceptional REE sorbents, however, difficulties in material separation post-sorption have fueled an interest in the use of magnetic nanoparticles, which can be easily separated from the solution by applying an external magnetic field. In this study, we explore the influence of sorbent dosage, pH and matrix complexity in the removal of trivalent cations of nine REE (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) using manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4); herein the abbreviation REE is employed to indicate such elements including the trivalent cations. The REE removal increased for higher sorbent dosages and pH. More than 90% of REE in mono-elemental solutions were removed from water at pH 6 and 8. Removal below 10% was observed for pH < 4, due to the positive surface charge of the sorbent which did not favor interaction with cationic REE species. Increasing the complexity of the matrix, the removal of REE from water decreased considerably, which can be attributed an increase of total REE concentration and the limited number of sorption sites in the sorbent. Further sorption inhibition was reported in increased ionic strength scenarios (mineral and saline water), possibly due to competition with Na+, which may limit the application of this material in complex matrices.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long-term effectiveness of Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) under realistic disposal scenarios is a common controversy of its application. This study sought to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties and microstructure of Pb-Zn-Cd composite contaminated soil solidified/stabilized by cement and fly ash (CSCS) under a hydro-chemical-mechanical coupling environment (HCM). An HCM simulation system was developed to reproduce the simultaneous action of hydraulic, chemical, and stress environments on CSCS. The mechanical and microstructural evolution of CSCS under HCM was assessed using vertical settlement monitoring, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, computed tomography (CT), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The increasing environmental acidity induces an increase in vertical displacement and a decrease in UCS. The highest final settlement was 0.96 mm at pH 3 and a pressure of 250 kPa, which was 39.13% greater than the value at pH 5 and 7. The UCS decreased by 18.54% after 168 h of HCM treatment at pH 7, while the value reached 45.83% when the pH was lowered to 3. Seepage contributes to initial hydration as evidenced by an increase in the early E50 of the CSCS. Hydrodynamic scouring and chemical erosion increase the pore size and deteriorate the soil structure, whereas compaction helps to redistribute soil particles, thus improving the structural integrity and uniformity of the CSCS.
{"title":"Mechanical and microstructural evolution of solidified/stabilized heavy metal-contaminated soil under a hydro-chemical-mechanical coupling environment","authors":"Zhongping Yang, Keshan Zhang, Xuyong Li, Jiazhuo Chang, Shuang Yang, Chunhua Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103438","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term effectiveness of Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) under realistic disposal scenarios is a common controversy of its application. This study sought to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties and microstructure of Pb-Zn-Cd composite contaminated soil solidified/stabilized by cement and fly ash (CSCS) under a hydro-chemical-mechanical coupling environment (HCM). An HCM simulation system was developed to reproduce the simultaneous action of hydraulic, chemical, and stress environments on CSCS. The mechanical and microstructural evolution of CSCS under HCM was assessed using vertical settlement monitoring, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, computed tomography (CT), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The increasing environmental acidity induces an increase in vertical displacement and a decrease in UCS. The highest final settlement was 0.96 mm at pH 3 and a pressure of 250 kPa, which was 39.13% greater than the value at pH 5 and 7. The UCS decreased by 18.54% after 168 h of HCM treatment at pH 7, while the value reached 45.83% when the pH was lowered to 3. Seepage contributes to initial hydration as evidenced by an increase in the early E50 of the CSCS. Hydrodynamic scouring and chemical erosion increase the pore size and deteriorate the soil structure, whereas compaction helps to redistribute soil particles, thus improving the structural integrity and uniformity of the CSCS.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103372
Lin Wang, Mingkang Yuan, Huilin Li, Xudong Chen
Reviewing the coupling coordination between urban ecological resilience (UER) and new-type urbanization (NU) has gradually become a necessary condition for understanding the structure and service patterns of urban ecological systems. Discussion on the temporal and spatial coordination evolution in UER and NU in urban agglomerations with different characteristics is beneficial for understanding the operational mechanisms of urban ecosystems. This work constructs a novel evaluation framework for the coupling coordination process between UER and NU, and scientifically measures the performance of each indicator using the entropy method and CRITIC method. By using the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, this paper explores the spatio-temporal effects of the relationship between UER and NU, which has narrowed the cognitive gap. Using the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle in China as an example, the validity and practicality of the framework are verified. The results show that the CCD between UER and NU generally shows a rapid growth trend with time and tends to be balanced; and the development patterns of CCD in urban agglomerations show significant spatial differences influenced by factors such as location advantage, natural resources, and human social activities. These results and findings can provide decision-making information reference for urban ecological system services, urban livability, and government planning.
{"title":"Exploring the coupling coordination of urban ecological resilience and new-type urbanization: The case of China’s Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle","authors":"Lin Wang, Mingkang Yuan, Huilin Li, Xudong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103372","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewing the coupling coordination between urban ecological resilience (UER) and new-type urbanization (NU) has gradually become a necessary condition for understanding the structure and service patterns of urban ecological systems. Discussion on the temporal and spatial coordination evolution in UER and NU in urban agglomerations with different characteristics is beneficial for understanding the operational mechanisms of urban ecosystems. This work constructs a novel evaluation framework for the coupling coordination process between UER and NU, and scientifically measures the performance of each indicator using the entropy method and CRITIC method. By using the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, this paper explores the spatio-temporal effects of the relationship between UER and NU, which has narrowed the cognitive gap. Using the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle in China as an example, the validity and practicality of the framework are verified. The results show that the CCD between UER and NU generally shows a rapid growth trend with time and tends to be balanced; and the development patterns of CCD in urban agglomerations show significant spatial differences influenced by factors such as location advantage, natural resources, and human social activities. These results and findings can provide decision-making information reference for urban ecological system services, urban livability, and government planning.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"797 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136372447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103403
Rauf Foroutan, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Taheri, Amir Ahmadi, Bahman Ramavandi
In the current work, the new heterogeneous nonobiocomposite of g-C3N4/HAp/Fe3O4/K2CO3 was made from chicken bone and melamine and used in biofuel generation from edible waste oil (EWO). FTIR, SEM, Map-EDX, BET, VSM, and XRD techniques confirmed that the catalyst was synthesized. The magnetic saturation number and the BET value of g-C3N4/HAp/Fe3O4/K2CO3 were determined to be 8.89 emu.g-1 and 3.95 m2.g-1, respectively. The impact of temperature, time, catalyst mass, and the ratio of methanol: Oil (MeOH: Oil) on biofuel production was explored using response surface method-central composite design. The maximum yield of biofuel from EWO (98.52%) achieved at contact time of 150 min, temperature of 65 oC, catalyst amount of 3 wt%, and MeOH: Oil ratio of 15:1. Activation energy and k0 for the transesterification process were computed to be 58.91 kJ.mol-1 and 3.24×107 min-1, respectively. The values of ΔH and ΔG were determined positive for the biofuel production process, which indicates that the biofuel production process is exothermic and non-spontaneous. The value of the environmental factor (E) also showed that biofuel production has negligible harmful effects on the environment. The heterogeneous catalyst can be effectively reused many times in the transesterification process. The produced biofuel was in good compliance with famous standards and can serve as a suitable fuel source.
{"title":"Edible waste oil to biofuel using reclaimable g-C3N4/HAp/Fe3O4/K2CO3 nanobiocomposite catalyst: Toxicity evaluation and optimization","authors":"Rauf Foroutan, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Taheri, Amir Ahmadi, Bahman Ramavandi","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103403","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, the new heterogeneous nonobiocomposite of g-C3N4/HAp/Fe3O4/K2CO3 was made from chicken bone and melamine and used in biofuel generation from edible waste oil (EWO). FTIR, SEM, Map-EDX, BET, VSM, and XRD techniques confirmed that the catalyst was synthesized. The magnetic saturation number and the BET value of g-C3N4/HAp/Fe3O4/K2CO3 were determined to be 8.89 emu.g-1 and 3.95 m2.g-1, respectively. The impact of temperature, time, catalyst mass, and the ratio of methanol: Oil (MeOH: Oil) on biofuel production was explored using response surface method-central composite design. The maximum yield of biofuel from EWO (98.52%) achieved at contact time of 150 min, temperature of 65 oC, catalyst amount of 3 wt%, and MeOH: Oil ratio of 15:1. Activation energy and k0 for the transesterification process were computed to be 58.91 kJ.mol-1 and 3.24×107 min-1, respectively. The values of ΔH and ΔG were determined positive for the biofuel production process, which indicates that the biofuel production process is exothermic and non-spontaneous. The value of the environmental factor (E) also showed that biofuel production has negligible harmful effects on the environment. The heterogeneous catalyst can be effectively reused many times in the transesterification process. The produced biofuel was in good compliance with famous standards and can serve as a suitable fuel source.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"43 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135062418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes the production of pollutants, energy recovery and environmental impact of the co-incineration of sewage sludge and biomass pellets. The main objective of this study is to describe the use of energy generated by co-incineration and to assess the environmental impact of emitted pollutants. Co-incineration takes place in five different blended. The combustion takes place in a fluidised bed reactor with an average combustion temperature of 915–939 °C. The combustion process is mapped by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Continuous Mercury Monitoring Systems, thermocouples, pressures, and flows sensors. The results show that the concentrations of harmful substances, namely SO2 and NOX, reach values of 12.39–1730.33 mg∙m–3N for SO2 and 93.30–1156 mg∙m–3N for NOX. This means that the emission limits are exceeded 40 times for SO2 and 8 times for NOX in the worst case. Regarding heat recovery, the resulting value of potential energy recovery from the flue gas is 5.35–7.69 MJ∙kg–1, and as the sewage sludge content in the fuel increases, the heat recovery value decreases. The resulting values of pollutant concentrations are also analyzed using a life cycle assessment approach using the GaBi software. The results show that sewage sludge incineration has the greatest impact on climate change, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human toxicity. Again, as the sewage sludge content in the fuel decreases, the hazardousness of the discharged flue gas decreases. This study presents a relatively promising option to use sewage sludge as a secondary fuel in large combustion sources under certain conditions.
{"title":"Pollutants production, energy recovery and environmental impact of sewage sludge co-incineration with biomass pellets","authors":"JADLOVEC Marek, VÝTISK Jan, HONUS Stanislav, POSPIŠILÍK Václav, BASSEL Nesser","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103400","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the production of pollutants, energy recovery and environmental impact of the co-incineration of sewage sludge and biomass pellets. The main objective of this study is to describe the use of energy generated by co-incineration and to assess the environmental impact of emitted pollutants. Co-incineration takes place in five different blended. The combustion takes place in a fluidised bed reactor with an average combustion temperature of 915–939 °C. The combustion process is mapped by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Continuous Mercury Monitoring Systems, thermocouples, pressures, and flows sensors. The results show that the concentrations of harmful substances, namely SO2 and NOX, reach values of 12.39–1730.33 mg∙m–3N for SO2 and 93.30–1156 mg∙m–3N for NOX. This means that the emission limits are exceeded 40 times for SO2 and 8 times for NOX in the worst case. Regarding heat recovery, the resulting value of potential energy recovery from the flue gas is 5.35–7.69 MJ∙kg–1, and as the sewage sludge content in the fuel increases, the heat recovery value decreases. The resulting values of pollutant concentrations are also analyzed using a life cycle assessment approach using the GaBi software. The results show that sewage sludge incineration has the greatest impact on climate change, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human toxicity. Again, as the sewage sludge content in the fuel decreases, the hazardousness of the discharged flue gas decreases. This study presents a relatively promising option to use sewage sludge as a secondary fuel in large combustion sources under certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"60 43","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135062590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103434
Iqra Irfan, Muhammad Ali Inam, Waleed Usmani, Rashid Iftikhar, Zaib Jahan
In recent years, the removal and recovery of phosphate (PO43−) from freshwater reservoirs using carbonaceous adsorbents has received much attention to address eutrophication issues and plant phosphate requirements. The viability of FeCl3 impregnated biochar (Fe@CBC) synthesized via co-pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS) and sewage sludge (SS) for phosphate removal from water under systematically designed sorption experiments and its subsequent potential as phosphatic fertilizer for improving plant growth, was thoroughly investigated in this study. The relatively higher PO43− sorption performance of Fe@CBC (5.23 mg/g) compared to FeCl3 impregnated biochars (Fe@WBC: 4.16 mg/g and Fe@SBC: 5.14 mg/g) synthesized via separate pyrolysis of WS and SS were primarily ascribed to the nano porous structure, higher point of zero charge (pHpzc) and enriched iron complexes on its surface (Fe-OH and FeC). Consequently, dominant sorption mechanism of PO43− ions towards Fe@WBC was associated to ligand exchange and chemisorption whereas that of Fe@SBC and Fe@CBC was identified as electrostatic surface complexation coupled with reduction. In comparison to Fe@WBC and Fe@SBC, the surface properties and identified phenomenon allowed Fe@CBC to efficiently recover PO43− ions under optimal water chemistry conditions and coexisting interfering species environment. Additionally, PO43- -sorbed Fe@CBC effectively improved the physical growth (root length: 2 cm, shoot length: 9 cm, fresh weight: 79 mg and dry weight: 8.3 mg) of mustard plants. Economic analysis suggested profit of PO43- removal and recovery by Fe@CBC was $1.5 per kg. Therefore, PO43- -sorbed Fe@CBC could be a promising phosphatic fertilizer for improving plant growth and may have agricultural applications.
{"title":"Adsorptive recovery of phosphate using iron functionalized biochar prepared via co-pyrolysis of wheat straw and sewage sludge","authors":"Iqra Irfan, Muhammad Ali Inam, Waleed Usmani, Rashid Iftikhar, Zaib Jahan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103434","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the removal and recovery of phosphate (PO43−) from freshwater reservoirs using carbonaceous adsorbents has received much attention to address eutrophication issues and plant phosphate requirements. The viability of FeCl3 impregnated biochar (Fe@CBC) synthesized via co-pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS) and sewage sludge (SS) for phosphate removal from water under systematically designed sorption experiments and its subsequent potential as phosphatic fertilizer for improving plant growth, was thoroughly investigated in this study. The relatively higher PO43− sorption performance of Fe@CBC (5.23 mg/g) compared to FeCl3 impregnated biochars (Fe@WBC: 4.16 mg/g and Fe@SBC: 5.14 mg/g) synthesized via separate pyrolysis of WS and SS were primarily ascribed to the nano porous structure, higher point of zero charge (pHpzc) and enriched iron complexes on its surface (Fe-OH and FeC). Consequently, dominant sorption mechanism of PO43− ions towards Fe@WBC was associated to ligand exchange and chemisorption whereas that of Fe@SBC and Fe@CBC was identified as electrostatic surface complexation coupled with reduction. In comparison to Fe@WBC and Fe@SBC, the surface properties and identified phenomenon allowed Fe@CBC to efficiently recover PO43− ions under optimal water chemistry conditions and coexisting interfering species environment. Additionally, PO43- -sorbed Fe@CBC effectively improved the physical growth (root length: 2 cm, shoot length: 9 cm, fresh weight: 79 mg and dry weight: 8.3 mg) of mustard plants. Economic analysis suggested profit of PO43- removal and recovery by Fe@CBC was $1.5 per kg. Therefore, PO43- -sorbed Fe@CBC could be a promising phosphatic fertilizer for improving plant growth and may have agricultural applications.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metal exposure increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, few studies investigated the effects of heavy metal exposure released by e-waste on coagulation, a risk factor for CVD. We conducted a cross-section study including residents living near and away from e-waste dismantling factories as exposed and reference groups for detecting plasma heavy metal concentrations, fibrinogen, activated coagulation factor X (FXa), and oxidative stress indicators of MDA and 8-isoprostane. We applied linear regression, ridge regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to estimate the associations between metal concentrations and coagulation. Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. Our results showed that the concentrations of most heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and fibrinogen in the exposed group were higher. Combined results of three statistical methods, we found Cd and Pb were associated with increased fibrinogen and FXa. In the linear regression, per one unit increase in log-transformed Cd and Pb was associated with 13.3% and 15.4% increase in fibrinogen, respectively. One unit increment in log-transformed Cd and Pb was associated with 14.2% and 15.6% higher FXa. The results of ridge regression were consistent with the basic linear regression. In the BKMR model, when all metals were at 60th or higher percentiles, the overall effect of the metal mixture was significantly associated with both fibrinogen and FXa compared to their 50th percentile. Increases in Cd and Pb were linked to higher oxidative stress, which potentially mediated the elevated coagulation levels. Our study suggests that exposure to heavy metals may increase coagulation levels and oxidative stress is a potential modulation pathway.
{"title":"Plasma Heavy Metals and Coagulation Levels of Residents in E-waste Recycling Areas","authors":"Rongrong Xu, Jianhao Peng, Puzhen Zhang, Chen Guo, Xieyuan Jiang, Shuai Lu, Yulin Kang, Qiujin Xu, Zhigang Li, Yongjie Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2023.103379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103379","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal exposure increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, few studies investigated the effects of heavy metal exposure released by e-waste on coagulation, a risk factor for CVD. We conducted a cross-section study including residents living near and away from e-waste dismantling factories as exposed and reference groups for detecting plasma heavy metal concentrations, fibrinogen, activated coagulation factor X (FXa), and oxidative stress indicators of MDA and 8-isoprostane. We applied linear regression, ridge regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to estimate the associations between metal concentrations and coagulation. Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. Our results showed that the concentrations of most heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and fibrinogen in the exposed group were higher. Combined results of three statistical methods, we found Cd and Pb were associated with increased fibrinogen and FXa. In the linear regression, per one unit increase in log-transformed Cd and Pb was associated with 13.3% and 15.4% increase in fibrinogen, respectively. One unit increment in log-transformed Cd and Pb was associated with 14.2% and 15.6% higher FXa. The results of ridge regression were consistent with the basic linear regression. In the BKMR model, when all metals were at 60th or higher percentiles, the overall effect of the metal mixture was significantly associated with both fibrinogen and FXa compared to their 50th percentile. Increases in Cd and Pb were linked to higher oxidative stress, which potentially mediated the elevated coagulation levels. Our study suggests that exposure to heavy metals may increase coagulation levels and oxidative stress is a potential modulation pathway.","PeriodicalId":11899,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Innovation","volume":"128 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：