In many ways, the Egyptian and Israeli states fail to 'see' the Bedouin and therefore situate them as a group "in but not of the global order," an order where nations and states represent contingent identities and socio-political organizations. However, the Bedouin are not legally recognized as a distinct nation nor as indigenous peoples in neither Egypt nor Israel, and Egyptian Nationalism and Zionism reject the Bedouin as part of their nation, or 'imagined community.' This concept of nationalism strongly influences policy, and as a result, leads to the discrimination of the Bedouin through internal colonial policies, land seizure, suspension of human rights, and exclusionary economic policy. Despite Egypt and Israel's different political systems, the outcome for the Bedouin in both countries is remarkably similar.
{"title":"Identity and Nation: Comparing Egyptian and Israeli Bedouin Policy","authors":"Jessica Wisniewski","doi":"10.33682/27b9-hcfc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/27b9-hcfc","url":null,"abstract":"In many ways, the Egyptian and Israeli states fail to 'see' the Bedouin and therefore situate them as a group \"in but not of the global order,\" an order where nations and states represent contingent identities and socio-political organizations. However, the Bedouin are not legally recognized as a distinct nation nor as indigenous peoples in neither Egypt nor Israel, and Egyptian Nationalism and Zionism reject the Bedouin as part of their nation, or 'imagined community.' This concept of nationalism strongly influences policy, and as a result, leads to the discrimination of the Bedouin through internal colonial policies, land seizure, suspension of human rights, and exclusionary economic policy. Despite Egypt and Israel's different political systems, the outcome for the Bedouin in both countries is remarkably similar.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133656261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the magnitude and frequency of environmental disasters grow as a result of climate change, environmental displacement has become a serious global crisis in which communities from impoverished and fragile countries are often disproportionately affected. This article aims to understand the climate change-migration nexus and the role that intergovernmental organizations and international legal frameworks have in effective climate migration governance. By combining governing mechanisms from human rights and environmental legal frameworks, the international community can potentially fill the current gap in protocol while addressing the specific needs of affected individuals and communities. This article argues that the best course of action involves the creation of a new international legal framework dedicated entirely to the prevention and protection of individuals displaced by climate change. Early action will prove to be essential for the successful, long-term implementation of organized initiatives.
{"title":"As the Tide Rises: Addressing the Legal Gap in International Climate Migration Governance","authors":"Rachel Berkower","doi":"10.33682/akqn-as8v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/akqn-as8v","url":null,"abstract":"As the magnitude and frequency of environmental disasters grow as a result of climate change, environmental displacement has become a serious global crisis in which communities from impoverished and fragile countries are often disproportionately affected. This article aims to understand the climate change-migration nexus and the role that intergovernmental organizations and international legal frameworks have in effective climate migration governance. By combining governing mechanisms from human rights and environmental legal frameworks, the international community can potentially fill the current gap in protocol while addressing the specific needs of affected individuals and communities. This article argues that the best course of action involves the creation of a new international legal framework dedicated entirely to the prevention and protection of individuals displaced by climate change. Early action will prove to be essential for the successful, long-term implementation of organized initiatives.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how the Argentine state's inadequate mediation of the relationship between indigenous communities and international agricultural and extractive companies results in criminal selectivity in terms of territorial rights. This article focuses on the Mapuche community's struggle against the Italian Benetton Group in Patagonia to demonstrate that indigenous communities are over-criminalized and international companies are under-criminalized. Instead of utilizing a criminology perspective to explore how the criminal selectivity process is carried out, this article investigates the genesis of this dynamic from a historical perspective by employing Jacques Derrida's concept of hauntology. The sources of this research include journal articles, newspapers, and published reports. As the global discourse about indigenous territorial rights expands in the academic context, it is pertinent to acknowledge and address historic patterns of subjugation in order to effectively initiate transformative progress.
{"title":"\"They Are Taking Everything Away from Us\": Land Dispossession and the Criminal Selectivity of Indigenous Communities versus International Agricultural and Extractive Firms in Argentina","authors":"Sophia Maas","doi":"10.33682/tkm4-k7jc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/tkm4-k7jc","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how the Argentine state's inadequate mediation of the relationship between indigenous communities and international agricultural and extractive companies results in criminal selectivity in terms of territorial rights. This article focuses on the Mapuche community's struggle against the Italian Benetton Group in Patagonia to demonstrate that indigenous communities are over-criminalized and international companies are under-criminalized. Instead of utilizing a criminology perspective to explore how the criminal selectivity process is carried out, this article investigates the genesis of this dynamic from a historical perspective by employing Jacques Derrida's concept of hauntology. The sources of this research include journal articles, newspapers, and published reports. As the global discourse about indigenous territorial rights expands in the academic context, it is pertinent to acknowledge and address historic patterns of subjugation in order to effectively initiate transformative progress.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114398744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been an influx of West African immigrants into the United States and European countries. By the end of the twentieth century, 1 million African immigrants were living in the United States, of which 50 percent arrived and settled between 1990 and 2000. By 2004, 35% of the total African immigrant population were West African immigrants. As more West Africans migrate away from their native lands, a new challenge arises in adapting to life within a different, less traditional environment—the Western society. This research focuses on the extent to which West African culture and tradition impact the way these immigrant families build their family structure and incorporate their cultural identities into these new environments. I examine the historical construction of gender-differentiated parenting in West African culture and how it has shaped familial, societal, and political structures over time. Through this historical framework, I then analyze the influence of traditional values in West African immigrant households and how they shape the continuation and discontinuation of certain West African practices in the new society. I also examine how these families carry aspects of their culture through their adaptation journey and their cultural parenting practices as a way to keep the West African identity from dying out and as a way to secure stability in Western society. From my research I have found that by leaving certain traditional values of their culture back home, such as certain marriage practices or gendered education, West African immigrants work to find a balance between their native culture and the cultural expectations of Western society. As Western society becomes more progressive and less accepting of traditional gender roles, as depicted in media and entertainment, being true to one's identity conflicts with the ability to "start new" in a foreign community in the face of different societal norms.
{"title":"The Immigration of Tradition: A Qualitative Study on Gender Differentiation and Cultural Parenting in West African Immigrant Households","authors":"Djemo Fade","doi":"10.33682/v77y-b3t0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/v77y-b3t0","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an influx of West African immigrants into the United States and European countries. By the end of the twentieth century, 1 million African immigrants were living in the United States, of which 50 percent arrived and settled between 1990 and 2000. By 2004, 35% of the total African immigrant population were West African immigrants. As more West Africans migrate away from their native lands, a new challenge arises in adapting to life within a different, less traditional environment—the Western society. This research focuses on the extent to which West African culture and tradition impact the way these immigrant families build their family structure and incorporate their cultural identities into these new environments. I examine the historical construction of gender-differentiated parenting in West African culture and how it has shaped familial, societal, and political structures over time. Through this historical framework, I then analyze the influence of traditional values in West African immigrant households and how they shape the continuation and discontinuation of certain West African practices in the new society. I also examine how these families carry aspects of their culture through their adaptation journey and their cultural parenting practices as a way to keep the West African identity from dying out and as a way to secure stability in Western society. From my research I have found that by leaving certain traditional values of their culture back home, such as certain marriage practices or gendered education, West African immigrants work to find a balance between their native culture and the cultural expectations of Western society. As Western society becomes more progressive and less accepting of traditional gender roles, as depicted in media and entertainment, being true to one's identity conflicts with the ability to \"start new\" in a foreign community in the face of different societal norms.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toward a Rose Forever in Bloom is a translation project aimed at creating a sample framework through which Sufi poetry can be understood in its traditional and Islamic context. I outline my translation methodology, as well as the resources that I used in making my translations, such as a new dictionary dedicated solely to the works of Yunus Emre as well as a recent critical edition of his original works, neither of which were available to previous English translators. Through my annotated translations sampled from six overarching themes found in the works of Yunus Emre, a 13th century Anatolian Sufi, an analysis of the legends surrounding his biography, and a discussion of the historical context, I portray Sufism as a path within mainstream Islam, in contrast to modern perceptions and varying translation methods that suggest otherwise.
{"title":"Toward a Rose Forever in Bloom: Translations of Yunus Emre, a 13th Century Anatolian Sufi","authors":"Ekrem Genc","doi":"10.33682/sptw-rtjk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/sptw-rtjk","url":null,"abstract":"Toward a Rose Forever in Bloom is a translation project aimed at creating a sample framework through which Sufi poetry can be understood in its traditional and Islamic context. I outline my translation methodology, as well as the resources that I used in making my translations, such as a new dictionary dedicated solely to the works of Yunus Emre as well as a recent critical edition of his original works, neither of which were available to previous English translators. Through my annotated translations sampled from six overarching themes found in the works of Yunus Emre, a 13th century Anatolian Sufi, an analysis of the legends surrounding his biography, and a discussion of the historical context, I portray Sufism as a path within mainstream Islam, in contrast to modern perceptions and varying translation methods that suggest otherwise.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the world experiences more mass-casualty incidents, such as extreme weather events or pandemics, health systems are put under pressure to treat those in need, generating the problem of scarcity of vital resources. The allocation of scarce resources is done via triage, the assigning of priority order to persons on the basis of where resources can be best used, are most needed, or are most likely to achieve success. This article analyzes the ethics of three potential triage models—the survival model, social worth model, and lottery model—as a means of assessing the benefits and drawbacks of the models in relation to the United States healthcare system. Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and COVID-19 are utilized as case studies to present success and failures of implementation of existing triage models, focusing on how models trade off between efficacy and efficiency. While the initial intent of this research was to determine if there is a superior form of triage that should be adopted to maximize health for U.S. communities in the face of future disasters, as a result of analyses conducted with health and ethics experts, it is apparent that superiority is not the answer. Instead, triage should be treated as a complex and changing system, one that should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by different providers to create the most optimal solutions.
{"title":"\"Playing God\": Analyzing the Bioethics of Triage from Hurricane Katrina and Haiti's Earthquake to Covid-19","authors":"Kathryn Porterfield","doi":"10.33682/vy2b-gvkx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/vy2b-gvkx","url":null,"abstract":"As the world experiences more mass-casualty incidents, such as extreme weather events or pandemics, health systems are put under pressure to treat those in need, generating the problem of scarcity of vital resources. The allocation of scarce resources is done via triage, the assigning of priority order to persons on the basis of where resources can be best used, are most needed, or are most likely to achieve success. This article analyzes the ethics of three potential triage models—the survival model, social worth model, and lottery model—as a means of assessing the benefits and drawbacks of the models in relation to the United States healthcare system. Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and COVID-19 are utilized as case studies to present success and failures of implementation of existing triage models, focusing on how models trade off between efficacy and efficiency. While the initial intent of this research was to determine if there is a superior form of triage that should be adopted to maximize health for U.S. communities in the face of future disasters, as a result of analyses conducted with health and ethics experts, it is apparent that superiority is not the answer. Instead, triage should be treated as a complex and changing system, one that should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by different providers to create the most optimal solutions.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130504639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overarching theme of this article is that the personal is historical and vice versa. The subject of this article, Miriam Brahms Reich, literally lived through the pages of history, from her birth in Lithuania until the end of her life in Canada. As a Holocaust survivor, Miriam left behind a memoir and an interview which shed light on different details and experiences in her life. Composed with secondary source historical research and personal interviews, this article paints the broadest possible picture of Miriam's life through all available materials. The mere fact that Miriam was able to put her memories and thoughts to paper and screen in the latter half of her life leads us to think about the production of history as a personal process—the weight of history bears intimate relevance to the individual's life and legacy.
{"title":"The Lifelong Process of Holocaust Survival: How Miriam Reich Rebuilt her Life","authors":"Benjamin Reich","doi":"10.33682/4444-3132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/4444-3132","url":null,"abstract":"The overarching theme of this article is that the personal is historical and vice versa. The subject of this article, Miriam Brahms Reich, literally lived through the pages of history, from her birth in Lithuania until the end of her life in Canada. As a Holocaust survivor, Miriam left behind a memoir and an interview which shed light on different details and experiences in her life. Composed with secondary source historical research and personal interviews, this article paints the broadest possible picture of Miriam's life through all available materials. The mere fact that Miriam was able to put her memories and thoughts to paper and screen in the latter half of her life leads us to think about the production of history as a personal process—the weight of history bears intimate relevance to the individual's life and legacy.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how immigrant culture in modern-day France is communicated through Turkish associations as a medium of the public space. Through interviews with members of various types of cultural associations, I explore how public and private space dictate how culture and identity are understood within the French context. To better explain their goals and how they fit into larger French "cultural" discussion, I develop a simple typology of these cultural associations as "localizing" or "orientalizing" immigrant culture. Pointing to the space between these categories, I show the need for the immigrant experience to be recognized as part of French history in these public spaces in order to directly confront the issue of "neo-racism."
{"title":"Reconsidering Public Space: The Case of Turkish Associations in France","authors":"Alia Kiran","doi":"10.33682/p36v-vp2g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/p36v-vp2g","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how immigrant culture in modern-day France is communicated through Turkish associations as a medium of the public space. Through interviews with members of various types of cultural associations, I explore how public and private space dictate how culture and identity are understood within the French context. To better explain their goals and how they fit into larger French \"cultural\" discussion, I develop a simple typology of these cultural associations as \"localizing\" or \"orientalizing\" immigrant culture. Pointing to the space between these categories, I show the need for the immigrant experience to be recognized as part of French history in these public spaces in order to directly confront the issue of \"neo-racism.\"","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122130345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article identifies the role art music plays in orchestra projects that deal with social conflicts of youth populations. I argue that art music serves well in this context because it is a universal language that allows for an alternative method of communication and expression between the young musicians themselves and with others. I apply metaphysical explanations, studies from cognitive neuroscience, and philosophy of language in three specific youth orchestra contexts: the Retiro Youth Orchestra, El Sistema, and the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. These different lenses help uncover why and how art music positively impacts the development, both socially and personally, of young musicians in a healthier or alternative manner.
{"title":"Art Music as Universal Language: Youth Orchestras' Reactions to Social Conflict","authors":"Mariko Kunitomo","doi":"10.33682/vaee-xnr0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/vaee-xnr0","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies the role art music plays in orchestra projects that deal with social conflicts of youth populations. I argue that art music serves well in this context because it is a universal language that allows for an alternative method of communication and expression between the young musicians themselves and with others. I apply metaphysical explanations, studies from cognitive neuroscience, and philosophy of language in three specific youth orchestra contexts: the Retiro Youth Orchestra, El Sistema, and the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. These different lenses help uncover why and how art music positively impacts the development, both socially and personally, of young musicians in a healthier or alternative manner.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127213719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite Ecuador's progressive laws, there continues to be violence against LGBTQ+ communities. This article analyzes current conditions through the lens of three main areas of life: LGBTQ+ stability and mobility, basic necessities, and safety. It demonstrates that a lack of government enforcement of laws creates constant barriers for LGBTQ+ community members. The work of activists, NGO, NPO, media publications, and intergovernmental organizations is crucial in analyzing the reality of these conditions. Along with the continued progress legislatively and judicially, there needs to be enforcement of these protections, and work put in to drive a social and cultural shift for the protection and progression of LGBTQ+ communities. Furthermore, this article seeks to provide supporting evidence for asylum applicants from countries such as Ecuador by highlighting to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and immigration judges that Ecuadorian laws may not be an accurate reflection of conditions within Ecuador.
{"title":"Looking beyond the Laws: Disjuncture between LGBTQ+ Laws and Conditions in Ecuador","authors":"Carolyn Vaca","doi":"10.33682/n85c-n0ca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33682/n85c-n0ca","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Ecuador's progressive laws, there continues to be violence against LGBTQ+ communities. This article analyzes current conditions through the lens of three main areas of life: LGBTQ+ stability and mobility, basic necessities, and safety. It demonstrates that a lack of government enforcement of laws creates constant barriers for LGBTQ+ community members. The work of activists, NGO, NPO, media publications, and intergovernmental organizations is crucial in analyzing the reality of these conditions. Along with the continued progress legislatively and judicially, there needs to be enforcement of these protections, and work put in to drive a social and cultural shift for the protection and progression of LGBTQ+ communities. Furthermore, this article seeks to provide supporting evidence for asylum applicants from countries such as Ecuador by highlighting to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and immigration judges that Ecuadorian laws may not be an accurate reflection of conditions within Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":119819,"journal":{"name":"The Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114151946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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