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ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM Ficus carica FOR BIOCONTROL AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION 无花果内生真菌的分离与初步筛选及其防治和增磷作用
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2020.77.84
Nor Aziyatul Izni Mohd Rosli, Khairul Izzah Abu Hasan Ashari, Nur Sabrina Ahmad Azmi
Fungal endophytes are a special group of symbionts that invade the internal environment of the host organism without causing any pathogenic symptoms. They increase the vigor of the plant while protecting them from several biotic and abiotic stress conditions such as herbivory, disease, and drought. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from fig (Ficus carica), a beneficial plant belongs to the family of Moraceae. This study was conducted to determine the potential of fungal endophytes of F.carica as biocontrol agents against selected phytopathogens Ganoderma boninense, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Fusarium verticillioides. Besides, endophytic fungi isolates were also screened to assess their ability as a phosphate-solubilizing agent. Results obtained revealed that a total of 11 fungal endophytes was successfully isolated from leaf, root, and stem samples of F.carica. The cultural-morphological identifications were carried out on the unknown fungal isolates. For the antagonistic test, S2-1 and R3-4 show a promising potential against those phytopathogens with more than 20% Percentage Inhibition Radial Growth (PIRG). Endophyte S2-1 exhibits the competition mechanism, while R3-4 expresses the antibiosis mechanism in suppressing the mycelium growth of phytopathogens. As for phosphate solubilization, 8 of 10 isolates show positive results as phosphate solubilizer with the highest PSI value 3.02±0.05 (S2-4).
真菌内生菌是一类特殊的共生体,它们侵入宿主体内环境而不引起任何致病症状。它们增加了植物的活力,同时保护它们免受几种生物和非生物胁迫条件,如草食、疾病和干旱。本研究从桑科有益植物无花果(Ficus carica)中分离得到内生真菌。本研究旨在确定carica真菌内生菌对牛灵芝(Ganoderma boninense)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)和黄萎病菌(Fusarium verticillioides)的生物防治潜力。此外,还筛选了内生真菌分离物,以评估其作为磷酸盐增溶剂的能力。结果表明,成功分离出了11个真菌内生菌,分别来自牛毛霉叶片、根和茎。对未知真菌分离株进行了培养形态学鉴定。在拮抗试验中,S2-1和R3-4对具有20%以上百分比抑制径向生长(PIRG)的植物病原体表现出良好的拮抗潜力。内生菌S2-1在抑制植物病原菌菌丝生长方面表现为竞争机制,而R3-4表现为抗菌机制。在磷酸盐增溶作用方面,10株菌株中有8株呈阳性,最高PSI值为3.02±0.05 (S2-4)。
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引用次数: 7
ACCESSING THE STATUS OF HOMEGARDEN AND ITS FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY IN ITAHARI SUB-METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL 尼泊尔伊塔哈里副都市市家庭花园现状及其功能类别调查
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2020.85.91
S. Thapa, S. Rawal
Home garden, the name itself clarifies its meaning any garden that is belonging to home which can be anywhere at the front, behind, or in any fallow land. The reason why home garden and its diversity were studied is get access to the ethnobotanical study of the species and knowledge among people regarding the home garden could be more lighten up. A survey was conducted from October (2019) to January (2020). Among the surveyed fifty households, the type of home garden dominated was front type ranging from 45-700m2 whose management and diversity were changing as per the gender. Altogether of 108 species were collected in a home garden belonging to 45 families, 34 species were found to be common. The representative families Leguminosae and Asteraceae rank on top followed by Moraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, and so on. Despite the result concluding the most diversified crops, the home garden of Sunsari district itself carries a wider range of diversity from fruits, vegetables, spices to economically useful species like ornamental plants and fodders. With the studies and knowledge accounted, it can be concluded that pursuing a home garden not only revalues our health and environment but also preserves a hundred ages of traditions.
家庭花园,这个名字本身就说明了它的含义:任何属于家庭的花园,可以在前面、后面或任何休耕地的任何地方。对家庭花园及其多样性进行研究的原因是为了获得物种的民族植物学研究和人们对家庭花园的认识。该调查于2019年10月至2020年1月进行。在被调查的50户家庭中,家庭花园类型以前部类型为主,面积从45-700平方米不等,其管理和多样性随性别而变化。在一个家庭花园里共收集到108种植物,分属45科,其中34种是常见的。代表科以豆科、菊科居首,其次为桑科、芸苔科、豆科等。尽管结果总结了最多样化的作物,Sunsari区的家庭花园本身就有更广泛的多样性,从水果,蔬菜,香料到经济上有用的物种,如观赏植物和饲料。考虑到这些研究和知识,可以得出结论,追求家庭花园不仅重新重视我们的健康和环境,而且保留了百年的传统。
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引用次数: 3
DETECTION OF HBLD TOXIN GENE BY BACILLUS CEREUS ISOLATED FROM MEAT CURRY FOOD SAMPLES IN MALAYSIAN RESTAURANTS 马来西亚餐馆咖喱肉中蜡样芽孢杆菌检测HBLD毒素基因
Pub Date : 2020-05-27 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2020.68.72
MARWAN Jawad MSARAH, Ahmed Alsier, A. Sahilah
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen, can cause food poisoning, leading to infections, have two major types of food poisoning emetic and diarrheal. Foods rich in protein such as meat are associated with foodborne outbreaks of diarrhea caused by B. cereus. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify B. cereus from ready to eat (RTE) meat curry from restaurants in Malaysia and to detect hblD pathogenic gene of B. cereus isolates. Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin agar was used as a selective isolation medium. Commercially available kits and boiling methods were used for DNA extraction, samples acquired from restaurants were examined for the presence of Hemolysin BL gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among all isolates, twenty-four of B. cereus isolates detected for HBL enterotoxin production by the discontinuous pattern on HBL sheep blood agar then confirmed by biochemical tests. More than 58.33 % of the isolate showed discontinuous hemolysis pattern on HBl blood agar and 29.16% of the samples were shown positive for hblD gene that can cause diarrhea with the size of 807bp on gel. This study demonstrated that RTE meat curry was a potential source for entero-toxigenic B. cereus and the presence of the hblD toxin genes for the HBL complex in the isolates tested were highly associated. Therefore, these meat curry isolates should be regarded as potential toxin producers.
蜡样芽孢杆菌是一种普遍存在的食源性病原体,可引起食物中毒,导致感染,食物中毒有呕吐和腹泻两大类型。富含蛋白质的食物,如肉类,与蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的食源性腹泻暴发有关。本研究的目的是从马来西亚餐馆的即食咖喱肉中分离鉴定蜡样芽孢杆菌,并检测蜡样芽孢杆菌hblD致病基因。以甘露醇蛋黄多粘菌琼脂为选择性分离培养基。采用市售试剂盒和煮沸法提取DNA,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测餐馆样品中溶血素BL基因的存在。在所有分离株中,有24株蜡样芽孢杆菌通过HBL羊血琼脂上的不连续模式检测出HBL肠毒素产生,并经生化试验证实。超过58.33%的分离物在HBl血琼脂上显示不连续溶血模式,29.16%的分离物显示hblD基因阳性,该基因可引起凝胶上大小为807bp的腹泻。本研究表明,RTE咖喱肉是产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌的潜在来源,并且在测试的分离物中hblD毒素基因的存在与HBL复合物高度相关。因此,这些肉咖喱分离株应被视为潜在的毒素生产者。
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引用次数: 3
THE TIDAL FLOOD-AFFECTED COMMUNITY’S PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN PASIRKRATONKRAMAT SUB-DISTRICT PEKALONGAN 受潮汐洪水影响的北卡隆岸pasirkratonkramat街道社区对环境质量的感知
Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2020.62.67
M. Marfai, Sudrajat, Eviana Rosida
Pekalongan City, particularly North Pekalongan District, lies adjacently to the Java Sea. This situation shapes the vulnerability of the District to tidal floods, which have been occurring since 2005. Tidal floods negatively affect the community, as well as the inundated environment. Since 2016, the flooding has reached the areas in Pekalongan Barat District, especially Pasirkratonkramat Sub-District. It affected 1,435 households distributed in 13 Community Units. This research analyzed the community perception of the quality of the environment inundated by tidal floods, including the biophysical and the socio-economic environments. It used questionnaire and performed interviews with 93 heads of household as the respondents, as well as field observation that produced qualitative data of environmental quality. The results of this research presented the tidal flood-affected community’s perception of environmental quality, which was determined by education, income, and length of residence in tidal flood-prone locations. Furthermore, the results of community’s perception of environmental quality analyses using measuring instruments and statistical tests, i.e., chi-square test and binary logistic regression, supported the research analysis.
北卡隆岸市,特别是北卡隆岸区,毗邻爪哇海。这种情况使该区容易受到自2005年以来一直发生的潮汐洪水的影响。潮汐洪水对社区以及被淹没的环境造成负面影响。自2016年以来,洪水已经到达了北卡隆干巴拉特地区,特别是Pasirkratonkramat街道。受影响的住户分布在13个社区单位。本研究分析了社区对潮汐洪水淹没环境质量的感知,包括生物物理环境和社会经济环境。采用问卷调查法,对93名户主进行访谈,并进行实地观察,得出环境质量的定性数据。研究结果表明,受潮洪影响的社区对环境质量的感知受潮洪易发地区教育程度、收入和居住时间长短的影响。此外,利用测量工具、卡方检验和二元逻辑回归等统计检验对社区对环境质量的感知进行了分析,结果支持了研究分析。
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引用次数: 2
RESILIENCE OF AGRICULTURE FARMERS FOR CROP PRODUCTION IN RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON SOUTH-EASTERN COAST OF BANGLADESH 农业农民对作物生产的适应能力,以应对气候变化对孟加拉国东南沿海的影响
Pub Date : 2020-04-24 DOI: 10.26480/ees.01.2020.28.37
P. Barua, Syed Hafizur Rahman
Coastal people of Bangladesh have been experiencing from lower crop productivity and fewer cropping intensity because of different climatic vulnerabilities. The research work was carried out in Banskhali upazila of Chattogram district and Teknaf of Cox’s Bazar district to assess the impact of climate change on crop production process and to suggest suitable coping strategies and adaptation options for advancing the coastal agriculture for increased agricultural production. To attain the objectives of the research, the author were collected randomly 240 sampled respondents using pre-tested interview schedule. Long-term data/information on climate change showed that there is a trend of temperature rise and erratic rainfall. Participants stated that the current climate in the study area behaving differently than in the past on a number of climate risk factors like increased temperature, frequent drought, changes in seasonal rainfall pattern, long dry spells, increase of soil salinity, increase of tidal surges affecting crop production. The study showed that the main reasons of yield reduction (20-40 % yield loss) in T. aman crop are erratic rainfall, increased intensity and frequency of drought, salinity, floods, cyclone, use of local varieties, increased incidences of pests & diseases etc in the context of climate change. Average yield level of HYV Boro is being affected (20-40 % yield loss) by high temperature and salinity and that of T.Aus/Aus crop is being affected (20-40 % yield loss) by tidal surge. Vegetables, pulses and oilseed crops are being affected (40-60 % yield loss) by soil wetness, excessive rainfall and water-logging in the selected areas. Sorjan system of cropping, rice-fish dual culture, utilization of bunds as vegetables/spices production in gher areas, floating bed agriculture and homestead gardening with introduction of salt-tolerant & drought tolerant crop varieties have been identified as potential adaptation options for development of coastal agriculture for increased agricultural production in attaining food security.
由于不同的气候脆弱性,孟加拉国沿海地区的人们一直面临着作物产量下降和种植强度降低的问题。研究工作在Chattogram地区的Banskhali upazila和Cox 's Bazar地区的Teknaf进行,以评估气候变化对作物生产过程的影响,并提出适当的应对策略和适应方案,以促进沿海农业增加农业产量。为了达到研究目的,作者采用预先测试的访谈计划随机抽取了240名抽样受访者。有关气候变化的长期数据/资料显示,气温上升和降雨不稳定是有趋势的。与会者表示,研究区域目前的气候在许多气候风险因素上的表现与过去不同,如温度升高、频繁干旱、季节性降雨模式变化、长期干旱、土壤盐分增加、影响作物生产的潮汐增加。研究表明,在气候变化的背景下,降雨不稳定,干旱、盐渍化、洪水、气旋的强度和频率增加,使用地方品种,病虫害发生率增加等是造成柽柳减产(产量损失20- 40%)的主要原因。高温和盐渍影响HYV Boro的平均产量(损失20- 40%),潮汐影响T.Aus/Aus作物的平均产量(损失20- 40%)。在某些地区,蔬菜、豆类和油籽作物受到土壤潮湿、过度降雨和内涝的影响(产量损失40- 60%)。Sorjan种植系统、水稻-鱼类双重栽培、在较大地区利用滩地作为蔬菜/香料生产、浮动床农业和引入耐盐和耐旱作物品种的家庭菜园已被确定为沿海农业发展的潜在适应选择,以增加农业生产,实现粮食安全。
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引用次数: 2
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MODELLING IN SELECTED STATES ACROSS SE. NIGERIA 全国选定州滑坡敏感性模型。尼日利亚
Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.26480/ees.01.2020.23.27
R. O. Ulakpa, Vera Okwu, K. Chukwu, M. Eyankware
Identification and mapping of landslide is essential for landslide risk and hazard assessment. This paper gives information on the uses of landsat imagery for mapping landslide areas ranging in size from safe area to highly prone areas. Landslide mitigation largely depends on the understanding of the nature of the factors namely: slope, soil type, lineament, lineament density, elevation, rainfall and vegetation. These factors have direct bearing on the occurrence of landslide. Identification of these factors is of paramount importance in setting out appropriate and strategic landslides control measures. Images for this study was downloaded by using remote sensing with landsat 8 ETM and aerial photos using ArcGIS 10.7 and Surfer 8 software, while Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Google EarthPro TM were used to produce slope, drainage, lineament and elevation. From the processed landsat 8 imagery, landslide susceptibility map was produced, and landslide was category into various class; low, medium and high. From the study, it was observed that Enugu and Anambra state ranges from high to medium in terms of landslide susceptibility, Imo state ranges from medium to low.
滑坡的识别和测绘是滑坡危险性和危害评价的重要内容。本文提供了利用陆地卫星图像绘制从安全区域到高度易发区域大小不等的滑坡区域的信息。滑坡缓解在很大程度上取决于对因素性质的理解,即:坡度、土壤类型、地形、地形密度、高程、降雨量和植被。这些因素对滑坡的发生有直接的影响。确定这些因素对制订适当及策略性的控制山泥倾泻措施至为重要。本研究采用landsat 8 ETM遥感下载图像,采用ArcGIS 10.7和Surfer 8软件下载航拍照片,采用Digital Elevation Model (DEM)和Google EarthPro TM生成坡度、排水、地貌和高程。利用处理后的landsat 8影像,绘制了滑坡易感性图,并对滑坡进行了分类;低、中、高。研究发现,埃努古州和阿南布拉州的滑坡易感性从高到中,伊莫州的滑坡易感性从中到低。
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引用次数: 3
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION BY RUSLE MODEL IN THE MELLEGUE WATERSHED, NORTHEAST OF ALGERIA 用rusle模型评价阿尔及利亚东北部mellegue流域土壤侵蚀
Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.26480/ees.01.2020.15.22
K. Khanchoul, K. Selmi, Kaddour Benmarce
In Algeria, soil erosion has experienced a spectacular extension, it is therefore imperative to assess the effects of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to assess soil loss rate using a GIS/USLE approach at the Mellegue watershed, northeast of Algeria. Geographic Information System techniques have been adopted to process data obtained at the study watershed, of reasonable spatial mapping, for the application of the RUSLE model. The model is a multiplication of the five erosion factors, namely rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope and length of slope, plant cover and anti-erosion practices. Each of these factors has been expressed as a thematic map. The resulting soil loss map, with mean erosion rate of 20.40 T/ha/year, shows very low erosion (≤ 7 T/ha/year) which covers 64.60% of the total area of the basin, and very high erosion (> 60 T/ha/year) which does not exceed 4.80% of the basin area. The results indicate that Chabro and downstream Mellegue sub-watersheds face the greatest risk of soil erosion compared to Meskiana sub-basin, with contributions of 14.20 % and 12.90 % of their basin areas respectively. This is mainly due to natural factors and anthropogenic activities without appropriate conservation practices of agricultural land.
在阿尔及利亚,土壤侵蚀的范围急剧扩大,因此必须评估这一现象的影响。本研究的目的是利用GIS/USLE方法评估阿尔及利亚东北部Mellegue流域的土壤流失率。采用地理信息系统技术对研究流域的数据进行处理,进行合理的空间制图,用于RUSLE模型的应用。该模型是五个侵蚀因子的乘积,即降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、坡度和坡度长度、植物覆盖和抗侵蚀措施。每一个因素都以专题地图的形式表示。得到的土壤流失量图显示极低侵蚀面积(≤7 T/ha/年)占流域总面积的64.60%,极高侵蚀面积(> 60 T/ha/年)不超过流域总面积的4.80%,平均侵蚀速率为20.40 T/ha/年。结果表明,与Meskiana子流域相比,Chabro子流域和下游Mellegue子流域面临的土壤侵蚀风险最大,分别占流域面积的14.20%和12.90%。这主要是由于自然因素和人为活动造成的,没有采取适当的农业用地保护措施。
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引用次数: 5
COMPARATIVE HEAVY METAL UPTAKE AND PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF THREE JATROPHA SPECIES 比较三种麻疯树的重金属吸收和植物修复潜力
Pub Date : 2019-10-14 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2019.26.30
O. L. Awotedu, Paul Oluwatimilehin Ogunbamowo
{"title":"COMPARATIVE HEAVY METAL UPTAKE AND PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF THREE JATROPHA SPECIES","authors":"O. L. Awotedu, Paul Oluwatimilehin Ogunbamowo","doi":"10.26480/ees.02.2019.26.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2019.26.30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12034,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Ecosystem Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83893026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS OF FLORA SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO SALINITY GRADIENTS IN A PALUSTRINE WETLAND 河口湿地植物种类分布格局对盐度梯度的响应
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2019.20.25
Ogbemudia Fo, Ita Re, O. Kekere
{"title":"DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS OF FLORA SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO SALINITY GRADIENTS IN A PALUSTRINE WETLAND","authors":"Ogbemudia Fo, Ita Re, O. Kekere","doi":"10.26480/ees.02.2019.20.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2019.20.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12034,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Ecosystem Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82674119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
DEVELOPMENTAL HUMAN INTERFACE DUE TO TRAIN COLLISION OF ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) IN WESTERN CIRCLE FOREST DIVISION, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA 印度北阿坎德邦西环森林区亚洲象列车相撞造成的人类界面发育
Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.26480/ees.02.2019.17.19
Vimalraj Padayatchiar Govindan, P. M. Dhakate, A. Uniyal
{"title":"DEVELOPMENTAL HUMAN INTERFACE DUE TO TRAIN COLLISION OF ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) IN WESTERN CIRCLE FOREST DIVISION, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA","authors":"Vimalraj Padayatchiar Govindan, P. M. Dhakate, A. Uniyal","doi":"10.26480/ees.02.2019.17.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2019.17.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12034,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Ecosystem Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78261191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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Environment & Ecosystem Science
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