{"title":"Capitalist Universities, AI, and Value","authors":"John Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121773131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI and the Subsumption of Academic Labour","authors":"John Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122764700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disaster Capitalism and Time in the Virtual University","authors":"J. Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"288 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128048807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI, Existential Threat, and the Capitalist University","authors":"J. Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132981513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pixar is an animation company that is known for producing stories where objects (such as cars, toys and lamps) have human level sentience. Pixarfication in practice is a system where there is complete subsumption to commodity production and where commodities are ascribed, sentience. The concept of Pixarfication was developed through ethnographic and document analysis of advanced learning environments (Higher Education, manufacturing industries and research facilities) where AI, humans and robots work and learn together. A discourse analysis of policy reports in the United Kingdom found that in HE data had become a ‘data persona’ that is ascribed sentience. Data acts pedagogically in terms of offering us ‘insights’ or ‘telling stories’ about our institutions. Data ‘sees us’ at the level of the institution, the department and the individual. Pixarfication (like McDonalidisation and Disneyisation) provides a new, creative, paradigm to understand contemporary HE. Paper: What is Pixarfication? The corporate nature of Higher Education (HE) has been examined through concepts such as privatisation, marketisation, commodification and managerialism. Less frequently, corporate paradigms are employed to generalise a mode of business behaviour to this sector. McDonaldisation, following Ritzer (2000), has been used to consider how bureaucratic forms of management in HE can impose procdures and regulations on academics and students so that they are trapped in an ‘iron cage’ of limited agency (Hayes and Wynyard, 2002; Hayes, 2017). Disneyization (Bryman, 2004) emphasises the experience economy, the affective and the performative in HE (Roberts, 2005). It might be stated at the outset that, despite the conceptual power of these theories, there are some limitations in applying them to HE. The first is that in a global system of HE, with new corporations in ascendancy, the salience of any one corporation (particularly a United States based one) for a world system of HE may be doubted. It could be argued that there is no one single corporate paradigm that is applicable to all HEIs. For example, low cost, teaching intensive, private institutions could be adopting a ‘Walmarting’ strategy (Goggin, 2016). Secondly, employing any one of these business paradigms risks losing some of the specificities of HE (in terms of the intangibility of what is produced and the generally not for profit nature of HEIs) for the generalities of capitalism and marketisation (in that a specified corporation is used as a stand in for capitalist processes as described above). The concept proposed, Pixarfication, drawn from the creative work of the company Pixar, does have similar drawbacks but whilst recognising its limitations its strength is that it allows for an analysis of the ways in which HE is increasingly driven by the anthropomorphised, increasingly sentient, commodity of data. It therefore enables an original creative approach to understand the ways in which data increasingly become
{"title":"The Pixarfication of Higher Education","authors":"J. Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-4","url":null,"abstract":"Pixar is an animation company that is known for producing stories where objects (such as cars, toys and lamps) have human level sentience. Pixarfication in practice is a system where there is complete subsumption to commodity production and where commodities are ascribed, sentience. The concept of Pixarfication was developed through ethnographic and document analysis of advanced learning environments (Higher Education, manufacturing industries and research facilities) where AI, humans and robots work and learn together. A discourse analysis of policy reports in the United Kingdom found that in HE data had become a ‘data persona’ that is ascribed sentience. Data acts pedagogically in terms of offering us ‘insights’ or ‘telling stories’ about our institutions. Data ‘sees us’ at the level of the institution, the department and the individual. Pixarfication (like McDonalidisation and Disneyisation) provides a new, creative, paradigm to understand contemporary HE. Paper: What is Pixarfication? The corporate nature of Higher Education (HE) has been examined through concepts such as privatisation, marketisation, commodification and managerialism. Less frequently, corporate paradigms are employed to generalise a mode of business behaviour to this sector. McDonaldisation, following Ritzer (2000), has been used to consider how bureaucratic forms of management in HE can impose procdures and regulations on academics and students so that they are trapped in an ‘iron cage’ of limited agency (Hayes and Wynyard, 2002; Hayes, 2017). Disneyization (Bryman, 2004) emphasises the experience economy, the affective and the performative in HE (Roberts, 2005). It might be stated at the outset that, despite the conceptual power of these theories, there are some limitations in applying them to HE. The first is that in a global system of HE, with new corporations in ascendancy, the salience of any one corporation (particularly a United States based one) for a world system of HE may be doubted. It could be argued that there is no one single corporate paradigm that is applicable to all HEIs. For example, low cost, teaching intensive, private institutions could be adopting a ‘Walmarting’ strategy (Goggin, 2016). Secondly, employing any one of these business paradigms risks losing some of the specificities of HE (in terms of the intangibility of what is produced and the generally not for profit nature of HEIs) for the generalities of capitalism and marketisation (in that a specified corporation is used as a stand in for capitalist processes as described above). The concept proposed, Pixarfication, drawn from the creative work of the company Pixar, does have similar drawbacks but whilst recognising its limitations its strength is that it allows for an analysis of the ways in which HE is increasingly driven by the anthropomorphised, increasingly sentient, commodity of data. It therefore enables an original creative approach to understand the ways in which data increasingly become","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126985255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI, and the End of the Capitalist University","authors":"J. Preston","doi":"10.4324/9781003081654-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081654-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":120522,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in the Capitalist University","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122704742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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