Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227630
Venkata Yelleswaranu, D. Issadore
Digital droplet assays — in which biological samples are compartmentalized into millions of femtoliter volume droplets and interrogated individually — have generated enormous enthusiasm for their ability to robustly detect nucleic acids and proteins with single molecule sensitivity. A key challenge in the field however has been the cumbersome instrumentation necessary to generate, process, and detect millions of individual droplets. We have demonstrated the miniaturization of droplet diagnostics into a portable platform that can process millions of droplets per second by combining the parallelization of thousands of microfluidic droplet generators onto a single chip and a strategy to rapidly detect droplets using time-domain encoded cell phone imaging. Building on our work in this area, we show that multiple fluorescent dyes can be detected in each individual droplet by encoding the excitation light from multiple LEDs with unique maximum length sequences that are decoded using cloud-based computation. By developing a strategy to carry out multiplexed digital droplet assays in a portable platform at a rate (106 droplets / sec), 1000x faster than conventional approaches on a cell phone based device, we have demonstrated a key step towards translating the sensitivity of digital assays from research laboratories to portable molecular diagnostics.
{"title":"Multicolor detection of fluorescent droplets on a cell phone using time domain encoded optofluidics","authors":"Venkata Yelleswaranu, D. Issadore","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227630","url":null,"abstract":"Digital droplet assays — in which biological samples are compartmentalized into millions of femtoliter volume droplets and interrogated individually — have generated enormous enthusiasm for their ability to robustly detect nucleic acids and proteins with single molecule sensitivity. A key challenge in the field however has been the cumbersome instrumentation necessary to generate, process, and detect millions of individual droplets. We have demonstrated the miniaturization of droplet diagnostics into a portable platform that can process millions of droplets per second by combining the parallelization of thousands of microfluidic droplet generators onto a single chip and a strategy to rapidly detect droplets using time-domain encoded cell phone imaging. Building on our work in this area, we show that multiple fluorescent dyes can be detected in each individual droplet by encoding the excitation light from multiple LEDs with unique maximum length sequences that are decoded using cloud-based computation. By developing a strategy to carry out multiplexed digital droplet assays in a portable platform at a rate (106 droplets / sec), 1000x faster than conventional approaches on a cell phone based device, we have demonstrated a key step towards translating the sensitivity of digital assays from research laboratories to portable molecular diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227584
Md. Daud Hossain Khan, Steven A. Roberts, J. Cressman, Nitin Agrawal
Cancer progression normally creates intrinsic hypoxic or oxygen gradients within tumor lesions that further instigate metastasis. Despite the advancements, recreating physiological oxygen gradients in vitro remains challenging yet a necessary requirement to develop effective point of care (POC) technologies for elucidating cellular migratory or therapeutic responses for personalized treatments. Here, we report a unique method of generating stable and linear oxygen gradients using the split/recombine strategy within microfluidic devices. Internal glass coating ensures proper stabilization of oxygen gradient and prevents gaseous escape. Underlying PtOEPK sensor enables accurate and instantaneous detection of gradients in real-time. The versatility of this gradient platform encompasses a wide variety of biological and biomedical analyses such as cell viability, cell migration, drug resistance, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress responses under hypoxia and many of these are currently being explored.
{"title":"Microfluidic generation of physiological oxygen gradients in vitro","authors":"Md. Daud Hossain Khan, Steven A. Roberts, J. Cressman, Nitin Agrawal","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227584","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer progression normally creates intrinsic hypoxic or oxygen gradients within tumor lesions that further instigate metastasis. Despite the advancements, recreating physiological oxygen gradients in vitro remains challenging yet a necessary requirement to develop effective point of care (POC) technologies for elucidating cellular migratory or therapeutic responses for personalized treatments. Here, we report a unique method of generating stable and linear oxygen gradients using the split/recombine strategy within microfluidic devices. Internal glass coating ensures proper stabilization of oxygen gradient and prevents gaseous escape. Underlying PtOEPK sensor enables accurate and instantaneous detection of gradients in real-time. The versatility of this gradient platform encompasses a wide variety of biological and biomedical analyses such as cell viability, cell migration, drug resistance, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress responses under hypoxia and many of these are currently being explored.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227611
R. Prakash, A. Wong, K. Pabbaraju, R. Tellier, K. Kaler
Molecular detection of arboviruses has several potential public health benefits. Worldwide increase in Dengue virus activity as well as the emergence of Zika and Chikungunya viruses underline the usefulness of a portable, small foot-print platforms for the molecular detection of viruses in diagnostic laboratories, point of care applications and field work. In this study, we have demonstrated a polymer based diagnostic microchip technology capable of extracting and purifying nucleic acid from highly complex sample matrices including mosquito slurry. We have furthermore reported a multilayered chip design on the polymer surface for nucleic acid based sample-to-answer tests while lowering the voltage and power requirements to make it suitable for in-field deployment. Several panels of human and mosquito samples containing different levels of arboviruses were successfully tested to establish the sensitivity and accuracy of this low-cost disposable diagnostic technology.
{"title":"Detection of arboviruses in blood and mosquito slurry samples using polymer microchip","authors":"R. Prakash, A. Wong, K. Pabbaraju, R. Tellier, K. Kaler","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227611","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular detection of arboviruses has several potential public health benefits. Worldwide increase in Dengue virus activity as well as the emergence of Zika and Chikungunya viruses underline the usefulness of a portable, small foot-print platforms for the molecular detection of viruses in diagnostic laboratories, point of care applications and field work. In this study, we have demonstrated a polymer based diagnostic microchip technology capable of extracting and purifying nucleic acid from highly complex sample matrices including mosquito slurry. We have furthermore reported a multilayered chip design on the polymer surface for nucleic acid based sample-to-answer tests while lowering the voltage and power requirements to make it suitable for in-field deployment. Several panels of human and mosquito samples containing different levels of arboviruses were successfully tested to establish the sensitivity and accuracy of this low-cost disposable diagnostic technology.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131884247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227612
Adam Rao, Jorge Ruiz, Chen Bao, Shuvo Roy
Every year pneumonia is the cause of death for over a million people worldwide, with most of these deaths occurring in areas that do not have access to advanced medical infrastructure. Current methods of diagnosis include physical exam findings and chest x-rays, which can greatly facilitate treatment but are limited by interobserver error and availability. Using rapid prototyping techniques, we have developed a non-invasive acoustic proof of concept device that computes the transfer function of the chest to characterize the accumulation of fluid in the lungs caused by pneumonia. Difference in sound transmission at 500 Hz is presented as a marker of acoustic mismatch. Preliminary data is presented for a pneumonia patient with a 10 dB difference at 500 Hz between healthy and consolidated lung. Our device relies on methods which are low cost to implement and simple to administer, and if successful, will provide an inexpensive and rapid method for pneumonia diagnosis.
{"title":"Tabla: An acoustic device designed for low cost pneumonia detection","authors":"Adam Rao, Jorge Ruiz, Chen Bao, Shuvo Roy","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227612","url":null,"abstract":"Every year pneumonia is the cause of death for over a million people worldwide, with most of these deaths occurring in areas that do not have access to advanced medical infrastructure. Current methods of diagnosis include physical exam findings and chest x-rays, which can greatly facilitate treatment but are limited by interobserver error and availability. Using rapid prototyping techniques, we have developed a non-invasive acoustic proof of concept device that computes the transfer function of the chest to characterize the accumulation of fluid in the lungs caused by pneumonia. Difference in sound transmission at 500 Hz is presented as a marker of acoustic mismatch. Preliminary data is presented for a pneumonia patient with a 10 dB difference at 500 Hz between healthy and consolidated lung. Our device relies on methods which are low cost to implement and simple to administer, and if successful, will provide an inexpensive and rapid method for pneumonia diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134339154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227603
Steven A. Roberts, Nitin Agrawal
Nano-delivery vehicles have been a staple in point of care innovations for nearly two decades. Chief among these are liposomes, which are one of the best developed FDA delivery systems. A critical step of the optimization process is the loading of drugs within the core of the nano-carrier, known as encapsulation. Several procedures have been developed to increase the encapsulation efficiency, however, none are universal and can often change the native form of the drug. Here, we highlight an approach for rapidly and efficiently loading liposomes with the chemotherapeutic, Doxorubicin. We then use this method to deliver liposomal drugs to cancer cells in vitro.
{"title":"Enhancing the drug encapsulation efficiency of liposomes for therapeutic delivery","authors":"Steven A. Roberts, Nitin Agrawal","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227603","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-delivery vehicles have been a staple in point of care innovations for nearly two decades. Chief among these are liposomes, which are one of the best developed FDA delivery systems. A critical step of the optimization process is the loading of drugs within the core of the nano-carrier, known as encapsulation. Several procedures have been developed to increase the encapsulation efficiency, however, none are universal and can often change the native form of the drug. Here, we highlight an approach for rapidly and efficiently loading liposomes with the chemotherapeutic, Doxorubicin. We then use this method to deliver liposomal drugs to cancer cells in vitro.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123718804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227607
Sajad Darabi, B. Moatamed, Wenhao Huang, Migyeong Gwak, Casey J. Metoyer, Mike Linn, M. Sarrafzadeh
Heart rate variability (HRV), a feature extracted from the heart rate signal, is commonly used for monitoring training loads, and fitness status within athletes. Various sensors can be used to ascertain HRV within athletes; two of which are considered within this investigation, namely PPG and ECG. We present methods for HRV collection and calculation using PPG, reducing HRV collection time requirement by 50%, and compressing signals by an order of 6x for effective field-based data collection.
{"title":"Heart rate compression & time reduction method for HRV monitoring in athletes","authors":"Sajad Darabi, B. Moatamed, Wenhao Huang, Migyeong Gwak, Casey J. Metoyer, Mike Linn, M. Sarrafzadeh","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227607","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate variability (HRV), a feature extracted from the heart rate signal, is commonly used for monitoring training loads, and fitness status within athletes. Various sensors can be used to ascertain HRV within athletes; two of which are considered within this investigation, namely PPG and ECG. We present methods for HRV collection and calculation using PPG, reducing HRV collection time requirement by 50%, and compressing signals by an order of 6x for effective field-based data collection.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125399681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227604
Paul E. Stevenson, Hany M Arafa, S. Ozev, H. M. Ross, J. Christen
In this work, we demonstrate the alpha prototype for a wearable air quality sensor system. This system will be used to create precise, high-resolution maps of the environment to help individuals with respiratory disease track their response to pollutants, determine when to pre-medicate, or avoid areas with poor air quality altogether. The data from such a map will provide improved accuracy over the single air quality index value provided for large metropolitan areas. We provide data from continuous monitoring over several locations to demonstrate the difference that can be observed within a small geographic area.
{"title":"Toward wearable, crowd-sourced air quality monitoring for respiratory disease","authors":"Paul E. Stevenson, Hany M Arafa, S. Ozev, H. M. Ross, J. Christen","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227604","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrate the alpha prototype for a wearable air quality sensor system. This system will be used to create precise, high-resolution maps of the environment to help individuals with respiratory disease track their response to pollutants, determine when to pre-medicate, or avoid areas with poor air quality altogether. The data from such a map will provide improved accuracy over the single air quality index value provided for large metropolitan areas. We provide data from continuous monitoring over several locations to demonstrate the difference that can be observed within a small geographic area.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227573
Chad Snyder, J. Christen, H. M. Ross
Childhood asthma has effectively doubled since 1980 and currently affects about 8% of the U.S. childhood population. Efficiently analyzing quality of air data, which would ultimately improve the information available to parents with children suffering from asthma, is crucial to reduce the likelihood of a serious attack. In order to accomplish this task, the use of low-cost, wearable, environmental sensors contribute to construct a live “air-care” pollution map. Creating an alpha prototype application to gauge how well participants interact with and interpret healthcare information utilizing a “Wizard of Oz” paradigm becomes an important component in the research.
{"title":"Human factors engineering for mobile health applications","authors":"Chad Snyder, J. Christen, H. M. Ross","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227573","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood asthma has effectively doubled since 1980 and currently affects about 8% of the U.S. childhood population. Efficiently analyzing quality of air data, which would ultimately improve the information available to parents with children suffering from asthma, is crucial to reduce the likelihood of a serious attack. In order to accomplish this task, the use of low-cost, wearable, environmental sensors contribute to construct a live “air-care” pollution map. Creating an alpha prototype application to gauge how well participants interact with and interpret healthcare information utilizing a “Wizard of Oz” paradigm becomes an important component in the research.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115895908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227594
Aparajita Sahoo, A. Wahi, Sonali Patel, S. Poojary, Saurabh Jaiswal, Anshuman Das
Dermoscopy is the in vivo technique of skin surface microscopy which is frequently used in visual examination of the skin. With the rise in the usage of smartphones, many smartphone attachments have been developed that enable dermoscopy on a phone but these attachments are very expensive and are available only for high-end phones. We have developed a novel 3D printed clip-on that can convert any smartphone into a polarizing dermoscope at a price which is highly affordable than the existing devices and is universal in its design. After visual examination and comparing images taken by both the devices using Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), we found the images to be highly similar. This clip-on for smartphones is one of the first prototypes using techniques of 3D printing which can make dermoscopy affordable, especially in developing countries like India. There is an acute need for such devices by clinicians practicing in remote areas, where such clip-ons can help in improving the preliminary visual examination of a large number of patients.
{"title":"A novel clip-on for smartphone dermoscopy in India","authors":"Aparajita Sahoo, A. Wahi, Sonali Patel, S. Poojary, Saurabh Jaiswal, Anshuman Das","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227594","url":null,"abstract":"Dermoscopy is the in vivo technique of skin surface microscopy which is frequently used in visual examination of the skin. With the rise in the usage of smartphones, many smartphone attachments have been developed that enable dermoscopy on a phone but these attachments are very expensive and are available only for high-end phones. We have developed a novel 3D printed clip-on that can convert any smartphone into a polarizing dermoscope at a price which is highly affordable than the existing devices and is universal in its design. After visual examination and comparing images taken by both the devices using Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), we found the images to be highly similar. This clip-on for smartphones is one of the first prototypes using techniques of 3D printing which can make dermoscopy affordable, especially in developing countries like India. There is an acute need for such devices by clinicians practicing in remote areas, where such clip-ons can help in improving the preliminary visual examination of a large number of patients.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.1109/HIC.2017.8227632
K. Long, Elizabeth V. Woodbum, B. Cunningham
In this paper, a smartphone-integrated optical cradle is designed, developed and used to perform three modalities of optical biosensing including absorptive transmission, photonic-resonance based reflection, and fluorescence intensity. Proof-of-concept demonstration of two off-the-shelf diagnostic tests for maternal and child health biomarkers is completed and compared with a traditional laboratory instrument.
{"title":"Design and demonstration of the transmission, reflection, and intensity (TRI)-analyzer instrument for portable spectroscopy","authors":"K. Long, Elizabeth V. Woodbum, B. Cunningham","doi":"10.1109/HIC.2017.8227632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HIC.2017.8227632","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a smartphone-integrated optical cradle is designed, developed and used to perform three modalities of optical biosensing including absorptive transmission, photonic-resonance based reflection, and fluorescence intensity. Proof-of-concept demonstration of two off-the-shelf diagnostic tests for maternal and child health biomarkers is completed and compared with a traditional laboratory instrument.","PeriodicalId":120815,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Healthcare Innovations and Point of Care Technologies (HI-POCT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122755929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：