C. Wallraven, K. Kaulard, Cora Kürner, R. Pepperell, H. Bülthoff
The question of how humans perceive art and how the sensory percept is endowed with aesthetics by the human brain has continued to fascinate psychologists and artists alike. It seems, for example, rather easy for us to classify a work of art as either "abstract" or "representational". The artist Robert Pepperell recently has produced a series of paintings that seek to defy this classification: his goal was to convey "indeterminancy" in these paintings - scenes that at first glance look like they contain an object or belong to a certain genre but that upon closer examination escape a definite determination of their contents. Here, we report results from several psychophysical experiments using these artworks as stimuli, which seek to shed light on the perceptual processing of the degree of abstraction in images. More specifically, the task in these experiments was to categorize a briefly shown image as "abstract" or "representational". Stimuli included Pepperell's paintings each of which was paired with a similar representational work of art from several periods and several artistic genres. The results provide insights into the visual processes determining our perception of art and can also function as a "objective" validation for the intentions of the artist.
{"title":"Psychophysics for perception of (in)determinate art","authors":"C. Wallraven, K. Kaulard, Cora Kürner, R. Pepperell, H. Bülthoff","doi":"10.1145/1272582.1272605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1272582.1272605","url":null,"abstract":"The question of how humans perceive art and how the sensory percept is endowed with aesthetics by the human brain has continued to fascinate psychologists and artists alike. It seems, for example, rather easy for us to classify a work of art as either \"abstract\" or \"representational\". The artist Robert Pepperell recently has produced a series of paintings that seek to defy this classification: his goal was to convey \"indeterminancy\" in these paintings - scenes that at first glance look like they contain an object or belong to a certain genre but that upon closer examination escape a definite determination of their contents. Here, we report results from several psychophysical experiments using these artworks as stimuli, which seek to shed light on the perceptual processing of the degree of abstraction in images. More specifically, the task in these experiments was to categorize a briefly shown image as \"abstract\" or \"representational\". Stimuli included Pepperell's paintings each of which was paired with a similar representational work of art from several periods and several artistic genres. The results provide insights into the visual processes determining our perception of art and can also function as a \"objective\" validation for the intentions of the artist.","PeriodicalId":121004,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130313775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much research in recent times has been conducted towards real-time rendering of accurate glossy reflections under direct, natural illumination including correct occlusions. The view dependent nature of these reflections will always cause this computation to be expensive unless heavily approximated. There also remains a question as to whether humans are even capable of noticing the difference in accuracy or whether our perception of the realism of the scene remains unchanged and thus the extra effort expended in rendering accurate reflections is effectively wasted. We conduct a user study to analyse any decline in perceived realism of glossy scenes rendered with a variety of specular occlusion approximations under a multitude of BRDFs, lighting environments and camera orientations. We demonstrate that although no one approximation is always suitable, it is rare to have a scene whose computational complexity cannot be decreased to some degree.
{"title":"Is accurate occlusion of glossy reflections necessary?","authors":"Oscar Kozlowski, J. Kautz","doi":"10.1145/1272582.1272601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1272582.1272601","url":null,"abstract":"Much research in recent times has been conducted towards real-time rendering of accurate glossy reflections under direct, natural illumination including correct occlusions. The view dependent nature of these reflections will always cause this computation to be expensive unless heavily approximated. There also remains a question as to whether humans are even capable of noticing the difference in accuracy or whether our perception of the realism of the scene remains unchanged and thus the extra effort expended in rendering accurate reflections is effectively wasted. We conduct a user study to analyse any decline in perceived realism of glossy scenes rendered with a variety of specular occlusion approximations under a multitude of BRDFs, lighting environments and camera orientations. We demonstrate that although no one approximation is always suitable, it is rare to have a scene whose computational complexity cannot be decreased to some degree.","PeriodicalId":121004,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124281518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light fields [Gershun 1939] of natural scenes are highly complex and vary within a scene from point to point. However, in many applications complex lighting can be successfully replaced by its low order approximation [Ramamoorthi and Hanrahan 2001]. The purpose of this research was to investigate the spatial behavior of light fields in natural scenes. We describe the light fields in terms of spherical harmonics and analyze their qualitative properties. We show that low order approximations of natural light fields vary smoothly and systematically, in accordance with very simple models. This finding has important implications for graphics, visualization, architectural design and scene perception research.
自然景物的光场[Gershun 1939]是高度复杂的，并且在一个景物中每个点都是不同的。然而，在许多应用中，复杂的照明可以被其低阶近似值成功地取代[Ramamoorthi and Hanrahan 2001]。本研究的目的是探讨自然场景中光场的空间行为。我们用球谐波的形式描述了光场，并分析了其定性性质。我们表明，自然光场的低阶近似变化平滑和系统，按照非常简单的模型。这一发现对图形学、可视化、建筑设计和场景感知研究具有重要意义。
{"title":"Spatial properties of light fields in natural scenes","authors":"Alexander A. Mury, S. Pont, J. Koenderink","doi":"10.1145/1272582.1272617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1272582.1272617","url":null,"abstract":"Light fields [Gershun 1939] of natural scenes are highly complex and vary within a scene from point to point. However, in many applications complex lighting can be successfully replaced by its low order approximation [Ramamoorthi and Hanrahan 2001]. The purpose of this research was to investigate the spatial behavior of light fields in natural scenes. We describe the light fields in terms of spherical harmonics and analyze their qualitative properties. We show that low order approximations of natural light fields vary smoothly and systematically, in accordance with very simple models. This finding has important implications for graphics, visualization, architectural design and scene perception research.","PeriodicalId":121004,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125894714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that people have difficulties in recognizing an object from novel views as compared to learned views, resulting in increased response times and/or errors. This so-called view-dependency has been confirmed by many studies. In the natural environment, however, there are two ways of changing views of an object: one is to rotate an object in front of a stationary observer (object-movement), the other is for the observer to move around a stationary object (observer-movement). Note that almost all previous studies are based on the former procedure. Simons et al. [2002] criticized previous studies in this regard and examined the difference between object- and observer-movement directly. As a result, Simons et al. [2002] reported the elimination of this view-dependency when novel views resulted from observer-movement, instead of object-movement. They suggest the contribution of extra-retinal (vestibular and proprioceptive) information to object recognition. Recently, however, Zhao et al. [2007] reported that the observer's movement from one view to another only decreased view-dependency without fully eliminating it. Furthermore, even this effect vanished for rotations of 90° instead of 50°. Larger rotations were not tested. The aim of the present study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and to investigate larger angles of view change (45-180°, in 45° steps).
{"title":"Physical self-motion facilitates object recognition, but does not enable view-independence","authors":"W. Teramoto, B. Riecke","doi":"10.1145/1272582.1272619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1272582.1272619","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that people have difficulties in recognizing an object from novel views as compared to learned views, resulting in increased response times and/or errors. This so-called view-dependency has been confirmed by many studies. In the natural environment, however, there are two ways of changing views of an object: one is to rotate an object in front of a stationary observer (object-movement), the other is for the observer to move around a stationary object (observer-movement). Note that almost all previous studies are based on the former procedure. Simons et al. [2002] criticized previous studies in this regard and examined the difference between object- and observer-movement directly. As a result, Simons et al. [2002] reported the elimination of this view-dependency when novel views resulted from observer-movement, instead of object-movement. They suggest the contribution of extra-retinal (vestibular and proprioceptive) information to object recognition. Recently, however, Zhao et al. [2007] reported that the observer's movement from one view to another only decreased view-dependency without fully eliminating it. Furthermore, even this effect vanished for rotations of 90° instead of 50°. Larger rotations were not tested. The aim of the present study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and to investigate larger angles of view change (45-180°, in 45° steps).","PeriodicalId":121004,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127655943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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