Folia medica Cracoviensia最新文献

Background: Hand (finger and metacarpal) fractures are common in surgical practice, usually affecting adolescents and young adults. Treatment of these injuries is generally conservative, with generally good results. However, since the end of the 20th century, as a result of the offensive of manufacturers of implants, surgical treatment have attracted increasing popularity, although there was no scientific basis for it. Objective of this study was literature review focused on outcomes of conservative treatment of hand (metacarpal and phalangeal) fractures.

Methods: Articles from PubMed and Medline databases on the methods and outcomes of conservative treatment of hand fractures published in last 10 years were reviewed.

Results: A total of 10 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Three were focused on finger fractures, two - on metacarpal shaft fractures and five - on the fifth metacarpal neck fractures. Results of this review have demonstrated that vast majority of finger and metacarpal fractures can be successfully treated conservatively. Conservative treatment is preferably performed with a buddy taping or a splint allowing free mobilization of fingers. Treatment without any immobilization, according to special protocol is also an acceptable and safe option.

Introduction: Natural hallucinogens have been known since ancient times and were widely used in religious, shamanic, and folk rituals, as well as in traditional medicine. These compounds originate from plants, animals, and fungi and exhibit considerable diversity. Different groups of substances vary in their mechanisms of action, receptor responses, effects induced, and therapeutic applications. Hallucinogens are misused worldwide to achieve specific sensations and altered states of consciousness; therefore, their inves- tigation is necessary to assess safety and predict long-term consequences of abuse. Some of these substances demonstrate pharmacological potential and are currently being studied for their possible use in the treatment of various conditions, including anxiety disorders, depression, and pain. Recent studies also indicate their potential role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their wide-ranging therapeutic applications, psychedelics have become the subject of increasing scientific interest.

Aim of the study: The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature on natural hallucinogens of plant origin, with particular emphasis on their biological activity and neuropharmacological properties. It also highlighted their potential for possible therapeutic use.

Methodology: The review was conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as relevant textbooks. Keywords were searched in both English and Polish, including hallucinogens, plant-derived hallucinogens, substance abuse, toxicology. The literature reviewed covered the years 1998 to 2025.

Conclusions: Natural plant-derived hallucinogens exhibit substantial diversity in terms of psychostimulant effects, safety profiles, addictive potential, and therapeutic applicability. Their activity across multiple neurotransmitter systems presents a promising avenue for the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, further in-depth research is required to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and potential adverse effects. Continued investigation into their therapeutic potential and clinical applications is essential.

Blood supply of the uterus raised interest of the scientists since early 19th century. Fundamental works of anatomists from German circle brought not only solutions but also new questions. Nowadays knowledge on the vasculature of the female internag genital organs plays leading role in many procedures, mostly endovascular, i.e. embolisation techniques used for treatment of uterine fibroids, ectopic pregnancies, bleedings etc. This paper brings a short summary of our knowledge on the vascularization of the uterus with special respect to the uterine cervix. It shows the path which led the scientists from ancient times until the modern period to discover the mysteries of vascular anatomy of this specific area.

Introduction: The carotico clinoid foramen (CCF) is an anomalous foramen that is formed due to ossification of carotico clinoid ligament (CCL) in the sphenoid bone with a reported prevalence of around 8%. Ossified CCL is of tremendous clinical relevance considering its intimate relationship with important neurovascular structures in the parasellar region such as internal carotid artery, cavernous sinus, optic nerve and the pituitary gland.

Case presentation: This report describes a case of bilateral ossification of CCL that was incidentally observed in a dry human skull during routine demonstration to medical undergraduate students. In the present case, ossified CCLs were observed spanning the tips of the anterior and the middle clinoid processes bilaterally and they formed two distinct oval CCF on either side.

Discussion: Variable incidence of ossified CCL has been reported in anatomical studies. The exact reason for the ossification of CCL and other periclinoid ligaments are not known. Developmental anomalies of the sphenoid bone, ossification of fibrous tissue of the ligaments or the folds of dura mater bridging the interclinoid region are thought to be underlying reasons. The presence of a complete or partially ossified CCL can affect the internal carotid artery (ICA), cavernous sinus, its contents and the pituitary gland etc. Ossified CCL and CCF can lead to misinterpretation in radiological investigations and might pose difficulty in neurosurgical access and interventions in the skull base.

Conclusions: Considering the modest prevalence of carotico clinoid ligament across all major races, preoperative recognition of the same in imaging studies is warranted before approaching any parasellar intra- cranial lesions.

A 14-year-old patient with a long-standing history of seasonal, recurrent eczematous eruptions since infancy was referred to our dermatology clinic due to progression of skin lesions and intense pruritus. Physical examination revealed erythematous, infiltrated plaques with erosions and post-inflammatory dyspigmentation, predominantly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs. The trunk and face were unaffected. Laboratory testing revealed mild relative eosinophilia (5.6%) in the complete blood count. Other routine tests were within normal limits. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen from the upper limb revealed features of acute eczema corresponding to Sulzberger-Garbe dermatosis. This case highlights a rare pediatric manifestation of Sulzberger-Garbe dermatosis. Although classically described in adult males, the condition should also be considered in adolescents with chronic, pruritic dermatoses unresponsive to conventional treatment. Comprehensive differential diagnosis - including allergy screening and histopathologic evaluation - is essential to exclude other dermatoses that share similar clinical features.

Occlusal X-rays, as intraoral radiographs, have been used in radiological diagnostics in dentistry for ages. Occlusal X-rays cover a larger imaging field and have a complementary function to other intraoral two-dimensional radiographs. Since the introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), the use of such X-rays has decreased significantly. Nevertheless, due to patients' low exposure to ionizing radiation, occlusal X-rays provide an alternative to three-dimensional techniques (CBCT). This paper presents state-of-the-art occlusal techniques and discusses their contemporary applications which are currently not limited to dental X-ray diagnostics.

Background: An important task also faces "lifestyle medicine", in connection with the development of IT services and digital possibilities. Practicing physical activity is an important basis for improving the physical and mental condition of patients. The aim of the work was to determine the usefulness of remote and digital forms to improve physical fitness in currently diverse groups of respondents.

Material and methods: A review of scientific literature was conducted based on popular science databases Medline, PubMed. Only articles from the last 8 years (2017-2025.03) were taken into account. The search criteria were the following phrases: digital health, sport, physiotherapy, activity. 32 studies containing the above phrases in keywords and article content were included in the study. Papers not related to physical activation or physiotherapy through digital or remote form were rejected.

Results: Almost all studies indicated the usefulness of digital physical activation and, through it, improving physical fitness in various types of subjects. Two of the studies indicated that digital activation should be additionally personalized for specific groups of subjects and that the integration of e-exercise with the stationary form should be improved or e-coaching should be used. One study did not ultimately confirm the effectiveness of the digital physical activation program due to COVID-19.

Conclusions: It is necessary to optimize the recommendations of online exercise programs and expand existing programs for different groups of exercisers. Digital activation of movement: improves physical fitness, eliminates stress, helps to shape movement habits, is a form of relaxation or fun, is a form of encouragement and motivation, allows to monitor changes or progress of health.

Background: Eye injuries are a serious problem and may result in reduced visual acuity. The most common eye injuries include corneal damage, often involving the presence of a foreign body. OCT examination of the anterior segment - AS OCT - may be a valuable test in the diagnostics and follow-up of patients in whom the presence of a foreign body after eye trauma is suspected.

Case presentation: The authors present the case of a young man diagnosed with multiple, glass, intrastromal corneal foreign bodies. A 30-year-old patient visited an ophthalmologist a few days after an eye injury accompanied by the breaking of a glass object. Initially, only a non-penetrating corneal wound was diagnosed. During the examination, the ophthalmologist noticed a small shard of glass coming from the wound. The small glass foreign body was removed and the patient was advised to consult a center of higher reference. The patient reported to the Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Poland, 2 weeks after the injury. Slit lamp examination did not provide a clear answer as to the presence of glass fragments in the cornea. The wound was healed. The eyeball showed no signs of irritation. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was performed, which revealed small pieces of glass. The patient did not consent to wound revision. The patient's follow-up lasted 4 years. During this time, no signs of post-traumatic eye irritation or corneal edema were observed, and visual acuity did not deteriorate.

Conclusions: AS-OCT examination enables accurate diagnosis of the presence and location of glass foreign bodies in the cornea. Glass, as an inert material, does not tend to cause inflammation of the cornea and anterior segment. The patient requires further regular ophthalmological follow-up.

Anatomical and clinical records were analyzed to identify cases of anomalous origins of the main renal artery. Instead of typically branching from the abdominal aorta at the vertebral level of L1-L2, the main renal artery can originate from the thoracic aorta, the inferior abdominal aorta (below the L2 vertebra), or from nearby arterial vessels such as the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, or common iliac artery.

Studies have shown important interactions between the local renin-angiotensin and monoaminergic systems in physiology and pathophysiology. Yet the understanding of such interactions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and GI-associated diseases is the least understood. Thus, the aim of our study was to characterize the expression pattern of DDC and ACE2 along the GI tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) of control female Wistar rats.