Objectives: We aimed to determine the discriminative values of pro-inflammatory cytokines to distinguish spondyloarthritis patients from healthy subjects and to assess the association between these cytokines and spondyloarthritis characteristics.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study, including 144 subjects matched for age and sex: 72 spondyloarthritis patients(G1) and 72 controls (G2). The disease activity was assessed using ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI. Structural damage was assessed using BASRI. The levels of interleukin (IL) IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) were measured.
Results: Each group included 57 men. The mean age was 44.84 ± 13.42 years. Except for IL-8, all cytokine levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (IL-1: p = 0.05, IL-6: p = 0.021, TNFα: p = 0.039, IL-17 and IL-23: p < 0.001). Cutoff values of IL-17 and IL-23 distinguishing patients in G1 from those in G2 were 17.6 and 7.96 pg/mL, respectively. TNFα level correlated to BASDAI (p = 0.029) and BASRI (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that structural damage was associated with the male gender (p = 0.017), longer disease duration (p = 0.038), and high disease activity (p = 0.044). Disease activity was associated with longer disease duration (p = 0.012) and increased IL-6 levels (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that IL-17 was the ablest to distinguish between spondyloarthritis patients and controls, suggesting that IL-17 may be helpful for the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis.
{"title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines in spondyloarthritis: a case-control study.","authors":"Maroua Slouma, Lobna Kharrat, Aymen Tezegdenti, Rim Dhahri, Ezzeddine Ghazouani, Imen Gharsallah","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2304080","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2304080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to determine the discriminative values of pro-inflammatory cytokines to distinguish spondyloarthritis patients from healthy subjects and to assess the association between these cytokines and spondyloarthritis characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study, including 144 subjects matched for age and sex: 72 spondyloarthritis patients(G1) and 72 controls (G2). The disease activity was assessed using ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI. Structural damage was assessed using BASRI. The levels of interleukin (IL) IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each group included 57 men. The mean age was 44.84 ± 13.42 years. Except for IL-8, all cytokine levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (IL-1: <i>p</i> = 0.05, IL-6: <i>p</i> = 0.021, TNFα: <i>p</i> = 0.039, IL-17 and IL-23: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Cutoff values of IL-17 and IL-23 distinguishing patients in G1 from those in G2 were 17.6 and 7.96 pg/mL, respectively. TNFα level correlated to BASDAI (<i>p</i> = 0.029) and BASRI (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that structural damage was associated with the male gender (<i>p</i> = 0.017), longer disease duration (<i>p</i> = 0.038), and high disease activity (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Disease activity was associated with longer disease duration (<i>p</i> = 0.012) and increased IL-6 levels (<i>p</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that IL-17 was the ablest to distinguish between spondyloarthritis patients and controls, suggesting that IL-17 may be helpful for the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139416694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2024.2358157
Yanan Huo, Xiaodan Huang, Lin Lin, Shuo Yang, Zhenwei Qin, Zhu Yirui, Yujie Mou, Xiuming Jin
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy plus topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops to treat Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eyes (SS-DE).
Research design and methods: In this prospective, randomized trial included, 60 individuals with SS-DE symptoms were randomized to receive topical eye drops containing either 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Group S) or 0.05% CsA (Group C) plus IPL therapy. Before the first treatment (baseline), and at 12, 16, and 20 weeks after treatment commencement, we assessed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, the Schirmer I test (SIT), noninvasive tear breakup time (NBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland (MG) dropout, lid margin abnormality, MG expressibility, and meibum quality.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the OSDI, NBUT, CFS, MG expressibility, and meibum quality (all p < 0.05). Group C showed a greater increase in OSDI, NBUT, MG expressibility, and meibum quality (all p < 0.05). Moreover, SIT and lid margin abnormalities significantly improved in Group C (both p < 0.05), but not in Group S.
Conclusion: Treatment with 0.05% CsA eyedrops plus IPL therapy could significantly reduce the issues and physical discomfort of patients with SS-DE.
Clinical trial: Registered on 20 July 2021, with the registration number ChiCTR2100049059.
研究目的本研究旨在评估强脉冲光(IPL)疗法加外用 0.05% 环孢素 A(CsA)滴眼液治疗斯约格伦综合征相关干眼症(SS-DE)的有效性和安全性:在这项前瞻性随机试验中,60名有SS-DE症状的患者被随机分配接受含0.1%透明质酸钠的局部滴眼液(S组)或含0.05% CsA的局部滴眼液(C组)以及IPL疗法。在首次治疗前(基线)、治疗开始后的 12 周、16 周和 20 周,我们评估了最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、Schirmer I 测试(SIT)、无创泪液破裂时间(NBUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)、睑板腺脱落(MG)、睑缘异常、睑板腺表达能力和睑板腺质量:结果:两组患者的 OSDI、NBUT、CFS、MG 表现力和睑板腺质量均有明显改善(均为 p p p 结论):使用 0.05% CsA 眼药水加 IPL 治疗可明显减轻 SS-DE 患者的问题和身体不适:临床试验:2021年7月20日注册,注册号为ChiCTR2100049059。
{"title":"The effect of intense pulsed light combined with topical 0.05% Cyclosporin A eyedrops in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome related dry eye.","authors":"Yanan Huo, Xiaodan Huang, Lin Lin, Shuo Yang, Zhenwei Qin, Zhu Yirui, Yujie Mou, Xiuming Jin","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2358157","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2358157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy plus topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops to treat Sjögren's Syndrome-related dry eyes (SS-DE).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In this prospective, randomized trial included, 60 individuals with SS-DE symptoms were randomized to receive topical eye drops containing either 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Group S) or 0.05% CsA (Group C) plus IPL therapy. Before the first treatment (baseline), and at 12, 16, and 20 weeks after treatment commencement, we assessed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, the Schirmer I test (SIT), noninvasive tear breakup time (NBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland (MG) dropout, lid margin abnormality, MG expressibility, and meibum quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant improvements in the OSDI, NBUT, CFS, MG expressibility, and meibum quality (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Group C showed a greater increase in OSDI, NBUT, MG expressibility, and meibum quality (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, SIT and lid margin abnormalities significantly improved in Group C (both <i>p</i> < 0.05), but not in Group S.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with 0.05% CsA eyedrops plus IPL therapy could significantly reduce the issues and physical discomfort of patients with SS-DE.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Registered on 20 July 2021, with the registration number ChiCTR2100049059.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-05DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2024.2352479
Mehmet Ali Karaselek, Tugce Duran, Serkan Kuccukturk, Esra Hazar, Oznur Dogar, Ayca Kıykım, Sukru Guner, Ismail Reisli, Sevgi Keles
Objective: In this study, we explored the expression of transcription factors, cytokines, and co-stimulatory molecules within the helper T (Th) cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) of patients with hypomorphic DCLRE1C gene mutations.
Methods: The study comprised eight patients and five controls. Transcription factor and cytokine expressions of Th subsets and co-stimulatory molecules were investigated by qPCR and flow cytometric following T cell stimulation. The findings were compared between patients (non-HSCT) and with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Results: Flow cytometric analyses; while the Treg rate was significantly lower in non-HSCT than in controls (p = 0.010), the IFN-γ rate was significantly higher in patients than in the control and HSCT groups (p = 0.016, p = 0.022 respectively). Co-stimulatory molecule expressions were significantly lower in non-HSCT than in control (p < 0.001), and there was a significant improvement after HSCT. Post-stimulation qPCR analysis, significant changes were detected in non-HSCT/control, non-HSCT/HSCT and HSCT/control comparisons.
Conclusions: Our study is the first study to molecularly investigate Th cell subsets in hypomorphic DCLRE1C patients. It was determined that abnormalities in Th cell subsets still persisted despite HSCT. There are still many conditions to be explained in these patients, and we believe that our study may shed light on future studies.
{"title":"Molecular investigations on T cell subsets in patients affected by Hypomorphic <i>DCLRE1C</i> Mutation.","authors":"Mehmet Ali Karaselek, Tugce Duran, Serkan Kuccukturk, Esra Hazar, Oznur Dogar, Ayca Kıykım, Sukru Guner, Ismail Reisli, Sevgi Keles","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2352479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2024.2352479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we explored the expression of transcription factors, cytokines, and co-stimulatory molecules within the helper T (Th) cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) of patients with hypomorphic DCLRE1C gene mutations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised eight patients and five controls. Transcription factor and cytokine expressions of Th subsets and co-stimulatory molecules were investigated by qPCR and flow cytometric following T cell stimulation. The findings were compared between patients (non-HSCT) and with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flow cytometric analyses; while the Treg rate was significantly lower in non-HSCT than in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.010), the IFN-γ rate was significantly higher in patients than in the control and HSCT groups (<i>p</i> = 0.016, <i>p</i> = 0.022 respectively). Co-stimulatory molecule expressions were significantly lower in non-HSCT than in control (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and there was a significant improvement after HSCT. Post-stimulation qPCR analysis, significant changes were detected in non-HSCT/control, non-HSCT/HSCT and HSCT/control comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study is the first study to molecularly investigate Th cell subsets in hypomorphic DCLRE1C patients. It was determined that abnormalities in Th cell subsets still persisted despite HSCT. There are still many conditions to be explained in these patients, and we believe that our study may shed light on future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299729
Elisa Pignatti, Monia Maccaferri, Alessandra Pisciotta, Gianluca Carnevale, Carlo Salvarani
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.
Areas covered: This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023.
Expert opinion: MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.
导言类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种具有全身表现的慢性自身免疫性炎症疾病。尽管免疫调节药物治疗取得了巨大成功,但仍有约40%的患者对治疗无效。间充质基质/干细胞(MSCs)已被证明具有治疗炎症性疾病的潜力:本综述介绍了有关 RA 疾病的最新情况,以及利用骨髓、脐带、脂肪组织和牙髓中的间充质干细胞调节免疫反应的临床前和临床研究。此外,还讨论了间充质干细胞在 RA 中的临床应用、安全性、局限性和未来展望。通过PubMed数据库和ClincalTrials.gov,我们找到了从1985年到2023年4月的同行评审全文论文、摘要和临床试验:间充质干细胞具有令人满意的安全性和临床疗效潜力。专家观点:间充质干细胞具有令人满意的安全性和潜在的临床疗效,但仍需深入研究间充质干细胞如何影响RA患者的促炎性失调细胞。对于传统疗法无效的严重RA患者,间充质干细胞可能是很好的选择,但需要在干细胞治疗后进行长期随访,并制定标准化方案。未来的研究应集中在设计良好的多中心随机临床试验上,要有足够的样本量,并适当选择符合RA标准的患者,以进行有效的疗效评估。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on the role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Elisa Pignatti, Monia Maccaferri, Alessandra Pisciotta, Gianluca Carnevale, Carlo Salvarani","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299730
Mykayla Sandler, JiaDe Yu
Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common cutaneous inflammatory skin disorder that is diagnosed via epicutaneous patch testing (PT). ACD may also coexist with other systemic inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Many of the treatments used to manage severe ACD, along with other systemic conditions, interact with and suppress the immune system, thereby potentially interfering with the mechanism of PT. There is uncertainty in the literature regarding the effects of immunosuppression on the results of PT.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles relevant to the topic of this review. Only articles available in English were included.
Areas covered: This review discusses the impact of immunomodulating therapies on the results of PT. We summarize the available evidence and provide updated recommendations for several immunomodulating drugs commonly used in patients undergoing PT.
Expert opinion: In general, the results of PT are most reliable when performed without immunosuppression. If this is not feasible, it is best to have patients on as low a dose of immunosuppression as possible, but it may not be necessary to stop or change an immunomodulating drug prior to PT.
{"title":"Patch testing while immunosuppressed: potential risks and benefits.","authors":"Mykayla Sandler, JiaDe Yu","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common cutaneous inflammatory skin disorder that is diagnosed via epicutaneous patch testing (PT). ACD may also coexist with other systemic inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Many of the treatments used to manage severe ACD, along with other systemic conditions, interact with and suppress the immune system, thereby potentially interfering with the mechanism of PT. There is uncertainty in the literature regarding the effects of immunosuppression on the results of PT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles relevant to the topic of this review. Only articles available in English were included.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review discusses the impact of immunomodulating therapies on the results of PT. We summarize the available evidence and provide updated recommendations for several immunomodulating drugs commonly used in patients undergoing PT.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In general, the results of PT are most reliable when performed without immunosuppression. If this is not feasible, it is best to have patients on as low a dose of immunosuppression as possible, but it may not be necessary to stop or change an immunomodulating drug prior to PT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2024.2303340
Narendra Kumar Bagri, Hayley King, A V Ramanan
Introduction: Targeting IL-17A using Secukinumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)/κ against IL-17A is a therapeutic option for immune-mediated disorders such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. The US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have approved it for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and non-radiographic axial spondylarthritis. Recently it has also been approved for use in children with severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, and enthesitis-related arthritis.
Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of Secukinumab in the management of children and adolescents with enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. We discuss the salient findings of pivotal RCTs and other studies supporting the use of Secukinumab in adults and children, in particular, focusing on its safety and efficacy.
Expert opinion: Secukinumab is a therapeutic target for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthropathies in both adults and children. No major safety signals are observed with its use in short-term follow-up. Thus far, Secukinumab has not been found to significantly increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB).
{"title":"Secukinumab for children and adolescents with enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: <i>lessons from treatment in adults and the way forward</i>.","authors":"Narendra Kumar Bagri, Hayley King, A V Ramanan","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2303340","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2303340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Targeting IL-17A using Secukinumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)/κ against IL-17A is a therapeutic option for immune-mediated disorders such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. The US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have approved it for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and non-radiographic axial spondylarthritis. Recently it has also been approved for use in children with severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, and enthesitis-related arthritis.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on the role of Secukinumab in the management of children and adolescents with enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. We discuss the salient findings of pivotal RCTs and other studies supporting the use of Secukinumab in adults and children, in particular, focusing on its safety and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Secukinumab is a therapeutic target for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthropathies in both adults and children. No major safety signals are observed with its use in short-term follow-up. Thus far, Secukinumab has not been found to significantly increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB).</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2024.2305808
Hai-Zhou Ji, Bin Liu, Mi Ren, Sang Li, Jian-Feng Zheng, Tong-Yu Liu, Hui-Hui Yu, Yang Sun
Objective: This study aimed to check the expression profile of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) axis in cervical cancer and to explore the cross-talk between cervical cancer cells and neutrophils via CXCLs-CXCR2 axis.
Methods: Available RNA-sequencing data based on bulk tissues and single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing data were used for bioinformatic analysis. Cervical cancer cell lines Hela and SiHa cells were utilized for in vitro and in vivo studies.
Results: Except for neutrophils, CXCR2 mRNA expression is limited in other types of cells in the cervical tumor microenvironment. CXCLs bind to CXCR2 and are mainly expressed by tumor cells. CXCL1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8, which are consistently associated with neutrophil infiltration, are also linked to poor prognosis. SB225002 (a CXCR2 inhibitor) treatment significantly impairs SiHa cell-induced neutrophil migration. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, or CXCL8 neutralized conditioned medium from SiHa cells have weaker recruiting effects. The conditioned medium of neutrophils from healthy donors can slow cancer cell proliferation. Conditioned medium of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can drastically enhance cervical cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions: The CXCLs-CXCR2 axis is critical in neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation in the cervical cancer microenvironment.
{"title":"The CXCLs-CXCR2 axis modulates the cross-communication between tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor cells in cervical cancer.","authors":"Hai-Zhou Ji, Bin Liu, Mi Ren, Sang Li, Jian-Feng Zheng, Tong-Yu Liu, Hui-Hui Yu, Yang Sun","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2305808","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2305808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to check the expression profile of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) axis in cervical cancer and to explore the cross-talk between cervical cancer cells and neutrophils via CXCLs-CXCR2 axis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Available RNA-sequencing data based on bulk tissues and single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing data were used for bioinformatic analysis. Cervical cancer cell lines Hela and SiHa cells were utilized for in <i>vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Except for neutrophils, CXCR2 mRNA expression is limited in other types of cells in the cervical tumor microenvironment. CXCLs bind to CXCR2 and are mainly expressed by tumor cells. CXCL1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8, which are consistently associated with neutrophil infiltration, are also linked to poor prognosis. SB225002 (a CXCR2 inhibitor) treatment significantly impairs SiHa cell-induced neutrophil migration. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, or CXCL8 neutralized conditioned medium from SiHa cells have weaker recruiting effects. The conditioned medium of neutrophils from healthy donors can slow cancer cell proliferation. Conditioned medium of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can drastically enhance cervical cancer cell growth in <i>vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CXCLs-CXCR2 axis is critical in neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation in the cervical cancer microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Fatigue and malaise are commonly associated with a wide range of medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence suggests that fatigue and malaise can be overwhelming for patients, yet these symptoms remain inadequately-managed, largely due to an incomplete elucidation of the underlying causes.
Areas covered: In this assessment of the published literature relating to the pathogenesis of fatigue or malaise in chronic conditions, four key mechanistic themes were identified. Each theme (inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysautonomia, and monoamines) is discussed, as well as the complex network of interconnections between themes which suggests a key role for inflammatory cytokines in the development and persistence of fatigue.
Expert opinion: Fatigue is multifaceted, poorly defined, and imperfectly comprehended. Moreover, the cause and severity of fatigue may change over time, as a consequence of the natural disease course or pharmacologic treatment. This detailed synthesis of available evidence permits us to identify avenues for current treatment optimization and future research, to improve the management of fatigue and malaise in RA. Within the development pipeline, several new anti-inflammatory therapies are currently under investigation, and we anticipate that the next five years will herald much-needed progress to reduce the debilitating nature of fatigue in patients with RA.
{"title":"Why does malaise/fatigue occur? Underlying mechanisms and potential relevance to treatments in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Yoshiya Tanaka, Kei Ikeda, Yuko Kaneko, Naoki Ishiguro, Tsutomu Takeuchi","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2306220","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2024.2306220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fatigue and malaise are commonly associated with a wide range of medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence suggests that fatigue and malaise can be overwhelming for patients, yet these symptoms remain inadequately-managed, largely due to an incomplete elucidation of the underlying causes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this assessment of the published literature relating to the pathogenesis of fatigue or malaise in chronic conditions, four key mechanistic themes were identified. Each theme (inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysautonomia, and monoamines) is discussed, as well as the complex network of interconnections between themes which suggests a key role for inflammatory cytokines in the development and persistence of fatigue.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Fatigue is multifaceted, poorly defined, and imperfectly comprehended. Moreover, the cause and severity of fatigue may change over time, as a consequence of the natural disease course or pharmacologic treatment. This detailed synthesis of available evidence permits us to identify avenues for current treatment optimization and future research, to improve the management of fatigue and malaise in RA. Within the development pipeline, several new anti-inflammatory therapies are currently under investigation, and we anticipate that the next five years will herald much-needed progress to reduce the debilitating nature of fatigue in patients with RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2298356
Carlo Alberto Maronese, Chiara Moltrasio, Giovanni Genovese, Angelo Valerio Marzano
Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an autoinflammatory skin disease with a high unmet need for effective medical management. Clinically, it is characterized by inflammatory nodules that may progress into abscesses, draining tunnels and extensive scarring, mainly affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas.
Areas covered: Treatment options include topical and systemic medications and a variety of surgical procedures. The anti-TNF-α antibody adalimumab and the anti-IL-17 secukinumab are the only two approved biologics for HS, showing moderate efficacy. HS research is a rapidly growing field, with a wide range of agents leveraging distinct mechanisms of action currently under development. Drugs targeting the IL-17 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways are the most advanced in both ongoing and completed Phase 3 studies, promising deeper levels of response. Use of other, off-label biologics is also discussed.
Expert opinion: A therapeutic algorithm is proposed based on comorbidities and existing evidence. Patient-tailored combinations between biologics and other biologics or small molecules will hopefully allow clinicians to target most events in HS pathophysiology in a complementary way while obtaining a meaningful effect on their devastating manifestations.
{"title":"Biologics for Hidradenitis suppurativa: evolution of the treatment paradigm.","authors":"Carlo Alberto Maronese, Chiara Moltrasio, Giovanni Genovese, Angelo Valerio Marzano","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2298356","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2298356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an autoinflammatory skin disease with a high unmet need for effective medical management. Clinically, it is characterized by inflammatory nodules that may progress into abscesses, draining tunnels and extensive scarring, mainly affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Treatment options include topical and systemic medications and a variety of surgical procedures. The anti-TNF-α antibody adalimumab and the anti-IL-17 secukinumab are the only two approved biologics for HS, showing moderate efficacy. HS research is a rapidly growing field, with a wide range of agents leveraging distinct mechanisms of action currently under development. Drugs targeting the IL-17 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways are the most advanced in both ongoing and completed Phase 3 studies, promising deeper levels of response. Use of other, off-label biologics is also discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>A therapeutic algorithm is proposed based on comorbidities and existing evidence. Patient-tailored combinations between biologics and other biologics or small molecules will hopefully allow clinicians to target most events in HS pathophysiology in a complementary way while obtaining a meaningful effect on their devastating manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299230
Kerem Parlar, Muhammed Bahaddin Ates, Bugra Han Egeli, Serdal Ugurlu
Introduction: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease that has mainly been treated with colchicine since 1972. A significant portion of patients do not respond to colchicine and require further treatment, mainly IL-1β antagonists such as anakinra, canakinumab and rilonacept as IL-1β has a crucial role in pathogenesis of FMF. This review summarizes the current approach to treating FMF and discovers the pharmacological and clinical utility of IL-1 blocking agents based on accumulated evidence with a focus on anakinra.
Areas covered: This review focuses on anakinra treatment in FMF. The data obtained from case reports, case series, retrospective studies and a Phase III trial are analyzed. Safety and efficacy profiles of anakinra are discussed.
Expert opinion: Anakinra is the cheapest anti-IL-1 agent used in the treatment of colchicine-resistant FMF. It is shown to be effective and safe when used in adjunct to colchicine however its short half-life and potential to cause injection site reactions limit its use.
{"title":"The clinical role of anakinra in the armamentarium against familial Mediterranean fever.","authors":"Kerem Parlar, Muhammed Bahaddin Ates, Bugra Han Egeli, Serdal Ugurlu","doi":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299230","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease that has mainly been treated with colchicine since 1972. A significant portion of patients do not respond to colchicine and require further treatment, mainly IL-1β antagonists such as anakinra, canakinumab and rilonacept as IL-1β has a crucial role in pathogenesis of FMF. This review summarizes the current approach to treating FMF and discovers the pharmacological and clinical utility of IL-1 blocking agents based on accumulated evidence with a focus on anakinra.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review focuses on anakinra treatment in FMF. The data obtained from case reports, case series, retrospective studies and a Phase III trial are analyzed. Safety and efficacy profiles of anakinra are discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Anakinra is the cheapest anti-IL-1 agent used in the treatment of colchicine-resistant FMF. It is shown to be effective and safe when used in adjunct to colchicine however its short half-life and potential to cause injection site reactions limit its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12175,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}