Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2365949
Benedikt Reuter, Annemarie Miano, Josepha Wassermann, Björn Elsner
{"title":"Why does exposure-based therapy fail in some individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder?","authors":"Benedikt Reuter, Annemarie Miano, Josepha Wassermann, Björn Elsner","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"723-726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications can help improve treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite this, they are underutilized. In 2003, intramuscular risperidone became the first available LAI atypical antipsychotic medication, and since then, a number of competing long-acting risperidone formulations have been brought to market, with additional options under active development. These include intramuscular, subcutaneous, long-acting oral, and implantable formulations.
Areas covered: This review summarizes currently available and emerging long-acting risperidone formulations, including efficacy and safety data, and practical considerations aimed to help prescribers distinguish one formulation from another.
Expert opinion: There is an expanding number of currently available LAI antipsychotic medications giving patients and providers an opportunity to personalize and individualize care. Rates of adherence to treatment in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are low, and individualizing care can help improve this. The risperidone LAI treatment landscape includes five options approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with others under clinical development. These options differ in regard to mode of administration, approved indications, available dose strengths, injection intervals, needle size, injection volume, storage, and other variables. Prescribers should be familiar with these differing options to help patients find the best fit for their individual needs.
简介:长效注射(LAI)抗精神病药物有助于提高精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者的治疗依从性。尽管如此,这些药物仍未得到充分利用。2003 年,肌肉注射利培酮成为第一种上市的 LAI 非典型抗精神病药物,从那时起,许多与之竞争的长效利培酮制剂已投放市场,还有更多选择正在积极开发中。这些制剂包括肌肉注射、皮下注射、长效口服和植入制剂:本综述总结了现有的和新出现的长效利培酮制剂,包括疗效和安全性数据,以及旨在帮助处方者区分不同制剂的实际注意事项:目前可供选择的LAI抗精神病药物越来越多,为患者和医疗服务提供者提供了个性化治疗的机会。精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者坚持治疗的比例较低,而个性化护理有助于改善这一状况。利培酮 LAI 治疗方案包括五种已获美国食品药品管理局批准的方案,其他方案正在临床开发中。这些方案在给药方式、批准适应症、可用剂量强度、注射间隔、针头大小、注射量、储存和其他变量方面各不相同。处方医生应熟悉这些不同的选择,以帮助患者找到最适合其个人需求的药物。
{"title":"An overview of the currently available and emerging long-acting formulations of risperidone for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.","authors":"Justin Faden, Camila Ramirez, Vanessa Martinez, Leslie Citrome","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2370349","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2370349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications can help improve treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite this, they are underutilized. In 2003, intramuscular risperidone became the first available LAI atypical antipsychotic medication, and since then, a number of competing long-acting risperidone formulations have been brought to market, with additional options under active development. These include intramuscular, subcutaneous, long-acting oral, and implantable formulations.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes currently available and emerging long-acting risperidone formulations, including efficacy and safety data, and practical considerations aimed to help prescribers distinguish one formulation from another.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>There is an expanding number of currently available LAI antipsychotic medications giving patients and providers an opportunity to personalize and individualize care. Rates of adherence to treatment in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are low, and individualizing care can help improve this. The risperidone LAI treatment landscape includes five options approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with others under clinical development. These options differ in regard to mode of administration, approved indications, available dose strengths, injection intervals, needle size, injection volume, storage, and other variables. Prescribers should be familiar with these differing options to help patients find the best fit for their individual needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"761-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2372339
Luca Angelini, Giulia Paparella, Matteo Bologna
Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common causes of tremor and the most prevalent movement disorders, with overlapping clinical features that can lead to diagnostic challenges, especially in the early stages.
Areas covered: In the present paper, the authors review the clinical and experimental studies and emphasized the major aspects to differentiate between ET and PD, with particular attention to cardinal phenomenological features of these two conditions. Ancillary and experimental techniques, including neurophysiology, neuroimaging, fluid biomarker evaluation, and innovative methods, are also discussed for their role in differential diagnosis between ET and PD. Special attention is given to investigations and tools applicable in the early stages of the diseases, when the differential diagnosis between the two conditions is more challenging. Furthermore, the authors discuss knowledge gaps and unsolved issues in the field.
Expert opinion: Distinguishing ET and PD is crucial for prognostic purposes and appropriate treatment. Additionally, accurate diagnosis is critical for optimizing clinical and experimental research on pathophysiology and innovative therapies. In a few years, integrated technologies could enable accurate, reliable diagnosis from early disease stages or prodromal stages in at-risk populations, but further research combining different techniques is needed.
导言:本质性震颤(ET)和帕金森病(PD)是导致震颤的最常见病因,也是最常见的运动障碍,它们的临床特征相互重叠,可能导致诊断难题,尤其是在早期阶段:在本文中,作者回顾了临床和实验研究,强调了区分 ET 和 PD 的主要方面,尤其关注这两种疾病的主要现象特征。本文还讨论了辅助和实验技术,包括神经生理学、神经影像学、体液生物标志物评估和创新方法,以了解它们在 ET 和 PD 鉴别诊断中的作用。作者特别关注适用于疾病早期阶段的检查和工具,因为此时两种疾病的鉴别诊断更具挑战性。此外,作者还讨论了该领域的知识空白和未解决的问题:区分 ET 和 PD 对于预后和适当治疗至关重要。此外,准确诊断对于优化病理生理学和创新疗法的临床和实验研究也至关重要。几年后,综合技术将能对高危人群的早期疾病或前驱阶段进行准确、可靠的诊断,但还需要结合不同技术开展进一步的研究。
{"title":"Distinguishing essential tremor from Parkinson's disease: clinical and experimental tools.","authors":"Luca Angelini, Giulia Paparella, Matteo Bologna","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2372339","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2372339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common causes of tremor and the most prevalent movement disorders, with overlapping clinical features that can lead to diagnostic challenges, especially in the early stages.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In the present paper, the authors review the clinical and experimental studies and emphasized the major aspects to differentiate between ET and PD, with particular attention to cardinal phenomenological features of these two conditions. Ancillary and experimental techniques, including neurophysiology, neuroimaging, fluid biomarker evaluation, and innovative methods, are also discussed for their role in differential diagnosis between ET and PD. Special attention is given to investigations and tools applicable in the early stages of the diseases, when the differential diagnosis between the two conditions is more challenging. Furthermore, the authors discuss knowledge gaps and unsolved issues in the field.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Distinguishing ET and PD is crucial for prognostic purposes and appropriate treatment. Additionally, accurate diagnosis is critical for optimizing clinical and experimental research on pathophysiology and innovative therapies. In a few years, integrated technologies could enable accurate, reliable diagnosis from early disease stages or prodromal stages in at-risk populations, but further research combining different techniques is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"799-814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2365945
Andreas Reis, Marlon Westhoff, Hicham Quintarelli, Stefan G Hofmann
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental health issue characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that can cause significant life impairment. Despite cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) being the most effective treatment, some individuals experience insufficient symptom reduction or relapse.
Areas covered: This special report explores the potential of mindfulness-based interventions as complementary treatments for OCD, examining the specific techniques used and their practical application. In the initial section, the authors examine ten randomized control trial studies included in the meta-analysis conducted by Chien et al. (2022), demonstrating the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions. The authors focus on elucidating the specific mindfulness techniques used in these studies. Then, the authors discuss the integration of these mindfulness strategies into CBT, focusing on enhancing emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and acceptance of intrusive thoughts.
Expert opinion: While mindful based interventions (MBIs) show promise as adjunctive treatments for OCD, variability in OCD symptoms and treatment responses necessitate individualized therapeutic approaches. Further research is required to refine mindfulness-based techniques and optimize their effectiveness. Incorporating MBIs into standard CBT protocols may improve outcomes for patients with persistent OCD symptoms.
{"title":"Mindfulness as a therapeutic option for obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Andreas Reis, Marlon Westhoff, Hicham Quintarelli, Stefan G Hofmann","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365945","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental health issue characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that can cause significant life impairment. Despite cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) being the most effective treatment, some individuals experience insufficient symptom reduction or relapse.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This special report explores the potential of mindfulness-based interventions as complementary treatments for OCD, examining the specific techniques used and their practical application. In the initial section, the authors examine ten randomized control trial studies included in the meta-analysis conducted by Chien et al. (2022), demonstrating the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions. The authors focus on elucidating the specific mindfulness techniques used in these studies. Then, the authors discuss the integration of these mindfulness strategies into CBT, focusing on enhancing emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and acceptance of intrusive thoughts.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While mindful based interventions (MBIs) show promise as adjunctive treatments for OCD, variability in OCD symptoms and treatment responses necessitate individualized therapeutic approaches. Further research is required to refine mindfulness-based techniques and optimize their effectiveness. Incorporating MBIs into standard CBT protocols may improve outcomes for patients with persistent OCD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"735-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2365946
Joseph V Pergolizzi, Jo Ann LeQuang, Salah N El-Tallawy, Morgan Wagner, Rania S Ahmed, Giustino Varrassi
Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare condition that can be effectively treated by carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine but these older drugs are associated with dose-dependent and potentially treatment-limiting adverse effects. Third-generation anticonvulsants, new calcitonin gene-related peptide blockers for migraine, and older drugs such as ketamine and cannabinoids may be promising adjuvants or monotherapeutic options.
Areas covered: The new drugs, their presumed mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy are discussed herein. There is a paucity of robust clinical evidence in support of these drugs for trigeminal neuralgia. New migraine agents are considered as well although migraines and trigeminal neuralgia are distinct, albeit similar, conditions. No new drugs have been released to market in recent years with the specific indication of trigeminal neuralgia.
Expert opinion: In real-world clinical practice, about half of trigeminal neuralgia patients take more than one agent for prevention and combination therapy may be the optimal approach. Combination therapy might allow for lower doses of carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, thus reducing the number and severity of potential adverse events but the potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions must be considered. Drug therapy for trigeminal neuralgia involves acute or abortive treatments, often administered in hospital versus long-term preventive therapy, usually involving oral agents.
{"title":"An update on pharmacotherapy for trigeminal neuralgia.","authors":"Joseph V Pergolizzi, Jo Ann LeQuang, Salah N El-Tallawy, Morgan Wagner, Rania S Ahmed, Giustino Varrassi","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare condition that can be effectively treated by carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine but these older drugs are associated with dose-dependent and potentially treatment-limiting adverse effects. Third-generation anticonvulsants, new calcitonin gene-related peptide blockers for migraine, and older drugs such as ketamine and cannabinoids may be promising adjuvants or monotherapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The new drugs, their presumed mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy are discussed herein. There is a paucity of robust clinical evidence in support of these drugs for trigeminal neuralgia. New migraine agents are considered as well although migraines and trigeminal neuralgia are distinct, albeit similar, conditions. No new drugs have been released to market in recent years with the specific indication of trigeminal neuralgia.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In real-world clinical practice, about half of trigeminal neuralgia patients take more than one agent for prevention and combination therapy may be the optimal approach. Combination therapy might allow for lower doses of carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, thus reducing the number and severity of potential adverse events but the potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions must be considered. Drug therapy for trigeminal neuralgia involves acute or abortive treatments, often administered in hospital versus long-term preventive therapy, usually involving oral agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"773-786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2370346
Giulio Emilio Brancati, Anna Magnesa, Donatella Acierno, Marco Carli, Ugo De Rosa, Alessandro Froli, Samuele Gemignani, Lisa Ventura, Francesco Weiss, Giulio Perugi
Introduction: Stimulants, including methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the first-line pharmacological treatment of ADHD in adults. However, in patients who do not respond or poorly tolerate stimulants, non-stimulant medications are usually recommended.
Areas covered: The authors provide a narrative review of the literature on non-stimulant treatments for adult ADHD, including controlled and observational clinical studies conducted on adult samples. Atomoxetine has been extensively studied and showed significant efficacy in treating adult ADHD. Issues related to dosing, treatment duration, safety, and use in the case of psychiatric comorbidity are summarized. Among other compounds indicated for ADHD in adults, antidepressants sharing at least a noradrenergic or dopaminergic component, including tricyclic compounds, bupropion, and viloxazine, have shown demonstratable efficacy. Evidence is also available for antihypertensives, particularly guanfacine, as well as memantine, metadoxine, and mood stabilizers, while negative findings have emerged for galantamine, antipsychotics, and cannabinoids.
Expert opinion: While according to clinical guidelines, atomoxetine may serve as the only second-line option in adults with ADHD, several other nonstimulant compounds may be effectively used in order to personalize treatment based on comorbid conditions and ADHD features. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify and test more personalized treatment strategies for adults with ADHD.
{"title":"Current nonstimulant medications for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Giulio Emilio Brancati, Anna Magnesa, Donatella Acierno, Marco Carli, Ugo De Rosa, Alessandro Froli, Samuele Gemignani, Lisa Ventura, Francesco Weiss, Giulio Perugi","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2370346","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2370346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stimulants, including methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the first-line pharmacological treatment of ADHD in adults. However, in patients who do not respond or poorly tolerate stimulants, non-stimulant medications are usually recommended.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors provide a narrative review of the literature on non-stimulant treatments for adult ADHD, including controlled and observational clinical studies conducted on adult samples. Atomoxetine has been extensively studied and showed significant efficacy in treating adult ADHD. Issues related to dosing, treatment duration, safety, and use in the case of psychiatric comorbidity are summarized. Among other compounds indicated for ADHD in adults, antidepressants sharing at least a noradrenergic or dopaminergic component, including tricyclic compounds, bupropion, and viloxazine, have shown demonstratable efficacy. Evidence is also available for antihypertensives, particularly guanfacine, as well as memantine, metadoxine, and mood stabilizers, while negative findings have emerged for galantamine, antipsychotics, and cannabinoids.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>While according to clinical guidelines, atomoxetine may serve as the only second-line option in adults with ADHD, several other nonstimulant compounds may be effectively used in order to personalize treatment based on comorbid conditions and ADHD features. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify and test more personalized treatment strategies for adults with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"743-759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2365312
Michail Vikelis, Dimitrios Rikos, Andreas A Argyriou, Pinelopi Papachristou, Dimitrios Rallis, Theodoros Karapanayiotides, Andreas Galanopoulos, Konstantinos Spingos, Nikolaos Dimisianos, Emmanouil Giakoumakis, Periklis Zavridis, Konstantinos Notas, George S Vlachos, Panagiotis Soldatos, Konstantinos Bilias, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Jobst Rudolf, Emmanouil V Dermitzakis, Alan M Rapoport
Background: To identify the preferences and perceptions of migraine patients for acute and preventive treatment options and to investigate which treatment outcomes are the most important.
Design and methods: The authors performed a choice-format survey in a cohort of migraine patients from Greece and Cyprus. A self-administered questionnaire developed in collaboration with the Greek Society of Migraine Patients was used.
Results: Questionnaires were collected from 617 migraine patients. Efficacy was preferred over safety as the single most important parameter, both in acute and preventive treatment. When analyzing single outcomes, patients prioritized a complete pain remission at 1-hour post-dose for acute therapies. Regarding migraine prevention, a 75% reduction in frequency, intensity of pain, accompanying symptoms and acute medication intake were considered as most important. Conversely, outcomes routinely used in clinical trials, namely complete or partial pain remission at 2-hours post-dose for acute treatment and 50% or 30% reduction in migraine frequency for prevention, were not deemed particularly relevant. Tablet formulation was mostly preferred, both in acute and preventive treatment. Conclusion: Listening to patients' needs may add a piece of the puzzle that is generally missing in clinical practice and often explains the lack of adherence in both acute and preventative anti-migraine therapies.
{"title":"Preferences and perceptions of 617 migraine patients on acute and preventive migraine treatment attributes and clinical trial endpoints.","authors":"Michail Vikelis, Dimitrios Rikos, Andreas A Argyriou, Pinelopi Papachristou, Dimitrios Rallis, Theodoros Karapanayiotides, Andreas Galanopoulos, Konstantinos Spingos, Nikolaos Dimisianos, Emmanouil Giakoumakis, Periklis Zavridis, Konstantinos Notas, George S Vlachos, Panagiotis Soldatos, Konstantinos Bilias, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Jobst Rudolf, Emmanouil V Dermitzakis, Alan M Rapoport","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365312","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2365312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To identify the preferences and perceptions of migraine patients for acute and preventive treatment options and to investigate which treatment outcomes are the most important.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>The authors performed a choice-format survey in a cohort of migraine patients from Greece and Cyprus. A self-administered questionnaire developed in collaboration with the Greek Society of Migraine Patients was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaires were collected from 617 migraine patients. Efficacy was preferred over safety as the single most important parameter, both in acute and preventive treatment. When analyzing single outcomes, patients prioritized a complete pain remission at 1-hour post-dose for acute therapies. Regarding migraine prevention, a 75% reduction in frequency, intensity of pain, accompanying symptoms and acute medication intake were considered as most important. Conversely, outcomes routinely used in clinical trials, namely complete or partial pain remission at 2-hours post-dose for acute treatment and 50% or 30% reduction in migraine frequency for prevention, were not deemed particularly relevant. Tablet formulation was mostly preferred, both in acute and preventive treatment. Conclusion: Listening to patients' needs may add a piece of the puzzle that is generally missing in clinical practice and often explains the lack of adherence in both acute and preventative anti-migraine therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"815-826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The onset of psychotic symptoms occurs prior to age 19 in 39% of the patients with schizophrenia. There are limited approved treatment options for adolescents with schizophrenia. Brexpiprazole was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents in 2022.
Areas covered: Extrapolation of adult data to youth and use of pharmacologic modeling coupled with open long-term safety data were used by the FDA to approve brexpiprazole for adolescent schizophrenia. They were all reviewed herein.
Expert opinion: D2 receptor partial agonist antipsychotic agents are preferred in the early phase of treatment of psychotic disorders. Approval of brexpiprazole in adolescent schizophrenia provides an additional option. Brexpiprazole was approved by the FDA on the basis of extrapolation of adult data without controlled trials in adolescents. This reduces placebo exposure in young people. Two previous agents (asenapine and ziprasidone) approved for adult schizophrenia failed to separate from placebo in adolescent schizophrenia studies; this partially undermines the process of extrapolation. For brexpiprazole, the paucity of data in adolescents relegates it to a second-line agent. More research on brexpiprazole is needed to delineate its relative role in the management of adolescent schizophrenia.
{"title":"An overview of the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents.","authors":"Chesika J Crump, Hagar Abuelazm, Kirolos Ibrahim, Shaishav Shah, Rif S El-Mallakh","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2367695","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2367695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The onset of psychotic symptoms occurs prior to age 19 in 39% of the patients with schizophrenia. There are limited approved treatment options for adolescents with schizophrenia. Brexpiprazole was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents in 2022.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Extrapolation of adult data to youth and use of pharmacologic modeling coupled with open long-term safety data were used by the FDA to approve brexpiprazole for adolescent schizophrenia. They were all reviewed herein.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>D2 receptor partial agonist antipsychotic agents are preferred in the early phase of treatment of psychotic disorders. Approval of brexpiprazole in adolescent schizophrenia provides an additional option. Brexpiprazole was approved by the FDA on the basis of extrapolation of adult data without controlled trials in adolescents. This reduces placebo exposure in young people. Two previous agents (asenapine and ziprasidone) approved for adult schizophrenia failed to separate from placebo in adolescent schizophrenia studies; this partially undermines the process of extrapolation. For brexpiprazole, the paucity of data in adolescents relegates it to a second-line agent. More research on brexpiprazole is needed to delineate its relative role in the management of adolescent schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"727-733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2363843
Isabella Berardelli, Andrea Amerio, Francesco Bartoli, Alessandro Cuomo, Giacomo Deste, Laura Orsolini, Gaia Sampogna, Maurizio Pompili
Introduction: The efficacy of trazodone for several psychopathologic dimensions of depression has been shown in the literature. Trazodone has been widely used in some clinical contexts (e.g. for insomnia and depression in the elderly). However, the role of trazodone in several aspects of depression is not well known.
Area covered: Eight experts from academic and medical centers across Italy met to identify the difficulties and barriers faced in daily clinical practice in the assessment and management of major depressive disorder and how the use of trazodone could address some unmet needs. The objective of the expert meetings and the present document was to increase knowledge of particular areas of treatment with trazodone.
Expert opinion: Evidence of the role of trazodone in patients affected by major depressive disorder with anxiety symptoms, insomnia, agitation, cognitive deficits, alcohol use disorders, physical comorbidities, and suicide risk has been identified, showing the effectiveness of trazodone in different presentations of major depressive disorder. The main characteristics of patients with depression for whom trazodone seems to be most effective have been identified, providing clinicians with information on possible uses of this drug in such population of patients.
{"title":"Rethinking the role of trazodone in the different depressive dimensions.","authors":"Isabella Berardelli, Andrea Amerio, Francesco Bartoli, Alessandro Cuomo, Giacomo Deste, Laura Orsolini, Gaia Sampogna, Maurizio Pompili","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2363843","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2363843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The efficacy of trazodone for several psychopathologic dimensions of depression has been shown in the literature. Trazodone has been widely used in some clinical contexts (e.g. for insomnia and depression in the elderly). However, the role of trazodone in several aspects of depression is not well known.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>Eight experts from academic and medical centers across Italy met to identify the difficulties and barriers faced in daily clinical practice in the assessment and management of major depressive disorder and how the use of trazodone could address some unmet needs. The objective of the expert meetings and the present document was to increase knowledge of particular areas of treatment with trazodone.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Evidence of the role of trazodone in patients affected by major depressive disorder with anxiety symptoms, insomnia, agitation, cognitive deficits, alcohol use disorders, physical comorbidities, and suicide risk has been identified, showing the effectiveness of trazodone in different presentations of major depressive disorder. The main characteristics of patients with depression for whom trazodone seems to be most effective have been identified, providing clinicians with information on possible uses of this drug in such population of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"619-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2360671
Livia Mathias, Laiana A Quagliato, Mauro G Carta, Antonio E Nardi, Elie Cheniaux
Introduction: Despite its milder severity, the chronic nature of dysthymia leads to significant impairments and functional limitations. The treatment of dysthymia has received considerably less research attention compared to major depressive disorder (MDD).
Areas covered: The authors have conducted a comprehensive review on the treatment of dysthymia. Their primary objective was to identify therapeutic options that have demonstrated genuine efficacy. To do this, they searched the PubMed database, without any time restrictions, to retrieve original studies. The samples were exclusively comprised individuals diagnosed with dysthymia according to the diagnostic criteria outlined in DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, or DSM-IV-TR.
Expert opinion: Within the realm of dysthymia treatment, several antidepressants, including imipramine, sertraline, paroxetine, minaprine, moclobemide, and amineptine, in addition to the antipsychotic agent amisulpride, have demonstrated superiority over placebo. In certain studies, psychotherapeutic interventions did not distinguish themselves significantly from pharmacological treatments and failed to exhibit greater efficacy than a placebo. However, these findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and substantial methodological limitations prevalent in a significant proportion of them. Limitations include factors like small sample sizes, the absence of placebo comparisons, and a lack of study blinding.
{"title":"Challenges in the treatment of dysthymia: a narrative review.","authors":"Livia Mathias, Laiana A Quagliato, Mauro G Carta, Antonio E Nardi, Elie Cheniaux","doi":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2360671","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737175.2024.2360671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite its milder severity, the chronic nature of dysthymia leads to significant impairments and functional limitations. The treatment of dysthymia has received considerably less research attention compared to major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The authors have conducted a comprehensive review on the treatment of dysthymia. Their primary objective was to identify therapeutic options that have demonstrated genuine efficacy. To do this, they searched the PubMed database, without any time restrictions, to retrieve original studies. The samples were exclusively comprised individuals diagnosed with dysthymia according to the diagnostic criteria outlined in DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, or DSM-IV-TR.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Within the realm of dysthymia treatment, several antidepressants, including imipramine, sertraline, paroxetine, minaprine, moclobemide, and amineptine, in addition to the antipsychotic agent amisulpride, have demonstrated superiority over placebo. In certain studies, psychotherapeutic interventions did not distinguish themselves significantly from pharmacological treatments and failed to exhibit greater efficacy than a placebo. However, these findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and substantial methodological limitations prevalent in a significant proportion of them. Limitations include factors like small sample sizes, the absence of placebo comparisons, and a lack of study blinding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12190,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}