Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-38-47
C. H. Anh, M. L. Tan
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the potential use of ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants to prevent and treat gout disease.Methods. An investigation of some typical compound contents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in terms of two bioactive abilities, including anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant was carried out in Eclipta prostrata L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Apium graveolens L., and Piper betle L samples. Subsequently, the weight ratios of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. were investigated to reduce the total tannin content and get the most suitable anti-xanthine oxidase activity.Results. As well as having the highest target compound contents, Piper betle L. demonstrated the best anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant abilities even while its IC50 values were lower than positive control; however, its high total tannin content can cause some side effects. A mixture with a weight ratio of 1:1 of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. had a total tannin content half that of Piper betle L. as well as demonstrating potential anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant activities when IC50 was about 3.94 and 20.85 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusions. Out of the four selected plants, Piper betle L. demonstrated the best potential material for preventing and treating gout disease. However, due to the high tannin content in it, a mix of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. at a weight ratio of 1:1 gave optimal results for application in treatment.
{"title":"Screening of medicinal plant extracts in Vietnam and investigation of their combination for preventing and treating gout","authors":"C. H. Anh, M. L. Tan","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-38-47","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The study aimed to examine the potential use of ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants to prevent and treat gout disease.Methods. An investigation of some typical compound contents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in terms of two bioactive abilities, including anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant was carried out in Eclipta prostrata L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Apium graveolens L., and Piper betle L samples. Subsequently, the weight ratios of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. were investigated to reduce the total tannin content and get the most suitable anti-xanthine oxidase activity.Results. As well as having the highest target compound contents, Piper betle L. demonstrated the best anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant abilities even while its IC50 values were lower than positive control; however, its high total tannin content can cause some side effects. A mixture with a weight ratio of 1:1 of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. had a total tannin content half that of Piper betle L. as well as demonstrating potential anti-xanthine oxidase and antioxidant activities when IC50 was about 3.94 and 20.85 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusions. Out of the four selected plants, Piper betle L. demonstrated the best potential material for preventing and treating gout disease. However, due to the high tannin content in it, a mix of Piper betle L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. at a weight ratio of 1:1 gave optimal results for application in treatment.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90678299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-29-37
N. Sevostyanova, S. Batashev, A. S. Rodionova
Objectives. To study the possibility of combining acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and alkoxycarbonylation of the formed cyclohexene with cyclohexanol and carbon(II) oxide in a single reactor in order to achieve high yields of the target cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate product under mild conditions using the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid catalytic system.Methods. The combined process took place in a toluene medium in a periodic steel reactor designed to operate at elevated pressure, equipped with a glass insert, a magnetic stirrer, and a sampler, as well as gas input and discharge devices. The reaction mass with the components of the catalytic system was placed in a glass reactor inside a steel autoclave. The reaction mass samples obtained during the combined process were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector.Results. The possibility of combining cyclohexanol dehydration catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation with cyclohexanol and CO during catalysis by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system in a single reactor was demonstrated. Under mild conditions (temperature 110°C; CO pressure 2.1 MPa), the target product yield reached 64.8% in 5 h. However, the combined process is complicated by the formation of a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by-product formed as a result of the cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrolysis and the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.Conclusions. The reactions of intramolecular acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system can be combined in a single reactor. p-Toluenesulfonic acid can simultaneously act as a catalyst for the cyclohexanol dehydration and a co-catalyst of the palladium–phosphine system of cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation. The involvement of cyclohexene, representing a product of reversible cyclohexanol dehydration, in the alkoxycarbonylation reaction is a factor in shifting the dehydration reaction equilibrium towards the formation of cyclohexene. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a by-product of the proposed combined process. A factor in the reduction of target product yield is water formed as a result of cyclohexanol dehydration due to the involvement of the latter in the hydrolysis reaction and the course of the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.
{"title":"Combined process of cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate synthesis from cyclohexanol and CO catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system","authors":"N. Sevostyanova, S. Batashev, A. S. Rodionova","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To study the possibility of combining acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and alkoxycarbonylation of the formed cyclohexene with cyclohexanol and carbon(II) oxide in a single reactor in order to achieve high yields of the target cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate product under mild conditions using the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid catalytic system.Methods. The combined process took place in a toluene medium in a periodic steel reactor designed to operate at elevated pressure, equipped with a glass insert, a magnetic stirrer, and a sampler, as well as gas input and discharge devices. The reaction mass with the components of the catalytic system was placed in a glass reactor inside a steel autoclave. The reaction mass samples obtained during the combined process were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector.Results. The possibility of combining cyclohexanol dehydration catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation with cyclohexanol and CO during catalysis by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system in a single reactor was demonstrated. Under mild conditions (temperature 110°C; CO pressure 2.1 MPa), the target product yield reached 64.8% in 5 h. However, the combined process is complicated by the formation of a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by-product formed as a result of the cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrolysis and the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.Conclusions. The reactions of intramolecular acid-catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration and formed cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2–PPh3–p-toluenesulfonic acid system can be combined in a single reactor. p-Toluenesulfonic acid can simultaneously act as a catalyst for the cyclohexanol dehydration and a co-catalyst of the palladium–phosphine system of cyclohexene alkoxycarbonylation. The involvement of cyclohexene, representing a product of reversible cyclohexanol dehydration, in the alkoxycarbonylation reaction is a factor in shifting the dehydration reaction equilibrium towards the formation of cyclohexene. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a by-product of the proposed combined process. A factor in the reduction of target product yield is water formed as a result of cyclohexanol dehydration due to the involvement of the latter in the hydrolysis reaction and the course of the cyclohexene hydroxycarbonylation.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-18DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-7-20
P. S. Klauzner, D. G. Rudakov, E. Anokhina, A. Timoshenko
{"title":"Energy efficiency of diabatic distillation schemes for an acetone–toluene–n-butanol mixture with an entrainer in the first column","authors":"P. S. Klauzner, D. G. Rudakov, E. Anokhina, A. Timoshenko","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-1-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76234410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-483-491
A. D. Shiryaeva, S. V. Moiseeva, S. V. Levanova, I. L. Glazko
Objectives. To find an effective way for obtaining triamyl citrate, an environmentally friendly, biodegradable citric acid ester used as a plasticizer for PVC-based polymer compositions.Methods. The possibilities of heterogeneous catalysis were analyzed using the case study of three commercial samples of macroporous sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst™ 70, and TULSION® 66). Homogeneous catalysis was studied using the example of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), while self-catalysis was investigated during esterification of citric acid with amyl alcohol (ROH). The syntheses were carried out under identical conditions: T = 110 °C, the ratio of CA:ROH = 1:5 (mol) amount of catalyst 1 wt % on the reaction mass in a thermostatically controlled reactor of ideal mixing with continuous distillation of the resulting water.Results. It was found that in all variants (even under self-catalysis conditions), the conversion of citric acid in 180 min reached 94–99%. Triamyl citrate was formed after 9 h with a yield of 90% only when using a homogeneous catalyst (H3PO4) and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst sample (Amberlyst ™ 15).Conclusions. The revealed differences in the reactivity of the studied sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst ™ 70, and TULSION® 66) confirm the well-known theoretical positions, according to which the kinetic pseudo-homogeneous model of the esterification process of hydroxy acids in excess of aliphatic alcohols is based on the law of acting masses and depends on the specific surface area of the catalyst, which for Amberlyst ™ 15 is of the greatest importance as compared to Amberlyst ™ 70 and TULSION® 66 (m2/g): 53:36:35, respectively.
{"title":"Features of triamyl citrate synthesis","authors":"A. D. Shiryaeva, S. V. Moiseeva, S. V. Levanova, I. L. Glazko","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-483-491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-483-491","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To find an effective way for obtaining triamyl citrate, an environmentally friendly, biodegradable citric acid ester used as a plasticizer for PVC-based polymer compositions.Methods. The possibilities of heterogeneous catalysis were analyzed using the case study of three commercial samples of macroporous sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst™ 70, and TULSION® 66). Homogeneous catalysis was studied using the example of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), while self-catalysis was investigated during esterification of citric acid with amyl alcohol (ROH). The syntheses were carried out under identical conditions: T = 110 °C, the ratio of CA:ROH = 1:5 (mol) amount of catalyst 1 wt % on the reaction mass in a thermostatically controlled reactor of ideal mixing with continuous distillation of the resulting water.Results. It was found that in all variants (even under self-catalysis conditions), the conversion of citric acid in 180 min reached 94–99%. Triamyl citrate was formed after 9 h with a yield of 90% only when using a homogeneous catalyst (H3PO4) and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst sample (Amberlyst ™ 15).Conclusions. The revealed differences in the reactivity of the studied sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst ™ 70, and TULSION® 66) confirm the well-known theoretical positions, according to which the kinetic pseudo-homogeneous model of the esterification process of hydroxy acids in excess of aliphatic alcohols is based on the law of acting masses and depends on the specific surface area of the catalyst, which for Amberlyst ™ 15 is of the greatest importance as compared to Amberlyst ™ 70 and TULSION® 66 (m2/g): 53:36:35, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82105094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-459-472
T. G. Korotkova
Objectives. Determination of the parameters of the binary energy interaction of the (UNIversal QUAsiChemical) UNIQUAC model on the basis of mathematical processing of experimental literature data on the phase equilibrium of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 to calculate the activity coefficients of the components D2, DT, and T2.Methods. The method of successive approximations was used in junction with the “from stage to stage” method, which consists in calculating a single evaporation process on a theoretical plate.Results. Equations were written for calculating the activity coefficients of hydrogen isotopes on the basis of the Sherwood theory as applied to binary D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 and ternary D2-DT-T2 hydrogen isotope mixtures. The graphical dependences of the activity coefficients and separation coefficients of mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are compared in the range of the concentration of a highly volatile component from 0 to 100 mol % at atmospheric pressure for three options: ideal mixtures; non-ideal mixtures using the Sherwood theory; non-ideal mixtures on the basis of the UNIQUAC model. The dependences of the separation coefficients a were found to be similar for all binary isotopic mixtures. However, when considering mixtures as ideal, a increases.According to Sherwood's theory, a remains a practically constant value, which is independent of the composition of the mixture. The UNIQUAC model predicts a decrease in a with an increase in the concentration of a less volatile component in the mixture. The profile of the distribution of hydrogen isotopes D2, DT, and T2 of a three-component mixture D2-DT-T2, along the height of a distillation column operating in a closed mode was calculated for three variants. It was accepted that: pressure along the height of the column is constant and equal to atmospheric 760 mm Hg. Art.; number of theoretical plates 21; concentration of components in the liquid phase on the first plate (stage), in mol %: XD₂ = 65; XDT= 10; XT₂= 25; the accuracy of calculating the composition of the vapor phase is 10-10.Conclusions. The parameters of the binary energy interaction of the UNIQUAC model of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are determined. The UNIQUAC model is adequate in relation to experimental data on the coefficient of separation. Due to systematic deviations in the theoretical Sherwood and ideal models, they are not suitable for further calculations of phase equilibrium of isotopic mixtures of hydrogen D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2, and D2-DT-T2.
{"title":"Parameters of the UNIQUAC model for describing the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 hydrogen isotope mixtures","authors":"T. G. Korotkova","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-459-472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-459-472","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Determination of the parameters of the binary energy interaction of the (UNIversal QUAsiChemical) UNIQUAC model on the basis of mathematical processing of experimental literature data on the phase equilibrium of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 to calculate the activity coefficients of the components D2, DT, and T2.Methods. The method of successive approximations was used in junction with the “from stage to stage” method, which consists in calculating a single evaporation process on a theoretical plate.Results. Equations were written for calculating the activity coefficients of hydrogen isotopes on the basis of the Sherwood theory as applied to binary D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2 and ternary D2-DT-T2 hydrogen isotope mixtures. The graphical dependences of the activity coefficients and separation coefficients of mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are compared in the range of the concentration of a highly volatile component from 0 to 100 mol % at atmospheric pressure for three options: ideal mixtures; non-ideal mixtures using the Sherwood theory; non-ideal mixtures on the basis of the UNIQUAC model. The dependences of the separation coefficients a were found to be similar for all binary isotopic mixtures. However, when considering mixtures as ideal, a increases.According to Sherwood's theory, a remains a practically constant value, which is independent of the composition of the mixture. The UNIQUAC model predicts a decrease in a with an increase in the concentration of a less volatile component in the mixture. The profile of the distribution of hydrogen isotopes D2, DT, and T2 of a three-component mixture D2-DT-T2, along the height of a distillation column operating in a closed mode was calculated for three variants. It was accepted that: pressure along the height of the column is constant and equal to atmospheric 760 mm Hg. Art.; number of theoretical plates 21; concentration of components in the liquid phase on the first plate (stage), in mol %: XD₂ = 65; XDT= 10; XT₂= 25; the accuracy of calculating the composition of the vapor phase is 10-10.Conclusions. The parameters of the binary energy interaction of the UNIQUAC model of hydrogen isotopic mixtures D2-T2, D2-DT, and DT-T2 are determined. The UNIQUAC model is adequate in relation to experimental data on the coefficient of separation. Due to systematic deviations in the theoretical Sherwood and ideal models, they are not suitable for further calculations of phase equilibrium of isotopic mixtures of hydrogen D2-T2, D2-DT, DT-T2, and D2-DT-T2.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85446005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-473-482
B. V. Peshnev, E. V. Burlyaeva, V. B. Terenteva, D. Nikishin, A. Nikolaev, K. Andronov
Objectives. The reduction of the anthropogenic burden on the environment is generally associated with the transition to alternative energy sources. However, some of these have only regional significance, while the effectiveness of others remains doubtful. On this point, innovative processes aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining may be equally important for reducing the carbon footprint. Wave-based technologies such as cavitation may also be included in these processes. Among the various methods for inducing such cavitation phenomena in oil refining, hydrodynamic approaches are especially promising. It has been shown that the treatment effectiveness increases with greater pressure or when augmenting the number of cavitation processing cycles. The aim of this work is to identify the factor (i.e., pressure gradient or number of treatment cycles) having the greatest influence on the change of the characteristics of the oil product.Methods. Cavitation phenomena were created by pumping dark oil products through a diffuser. The pressure gradient ranged from 20 to 50 MPa, while the number of cavitation processing cycles varied from 1 to 10. The influence of cavitation conditions on the change of fractional composition of petroleum products was analyzed. Target fractions are those having a boiling point up to 400°C.Results. It is shown that increased pressure generated in the diffuser leads to a linear increase in the yield of desired cuts. The dependence of the yield of these fractions on the number of processing cycles is described by the growth model with saturation. A proposed equation describes the influence of pressure and number of cycles on the yield of the fractions from initial boiling point temperature (TIBP) to 400°C following cavitation processing of dark oil products. Some of the coefficients of this equation have been associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock.Conclusions. An equation for predicting the maximum possible yield of the TJBP-400°C fraction as a result of cavitation processing under different conditions of the process is proposed according to the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock. The prediction error did not exceed 12%. The equation analysis and comparison of energy consumption between different process regimes shows that a higher yield of the target product is achieved by increasing pressure gradient rather than the number of processing cycles.
{"title":"Evaluation of the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment of dark petroleum products on the yield of fractions with boiling points up to 400°C","authors":"B. V. Peshnev, E. V. Burlyaeva, V. B. Terenteva, D. Nikishin, A. Nikolaev, K. Andronov","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-473-482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-473-482","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The reduction of the anthropogenic burden on the environment is generally associated with the transition to alternative energy sources. However, some of these have only regional significance, while the effectiveness of others remains doubtful. On this point, innovative processes aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining may be equally important for reducing the carbon footprint. Wave-based technologies such as cavitation may also be included in these processes. Among the various methods for inducing such cavitation phenomena in oil refining, hydrodynamic approaches are especially promising. It has been shown that the treatment effectiveness increases with greater pressure or when augmenting the number of cavitation processing cycles. The aim of this work is to identify the factor (i.e., pressure gradient or number of treatment cycles) having the greatest influence on the change of the characteristics of the oil product.Methods. Cavitation phenomena were created by pumping dark oil products through a diffuser. The pressure gradient ranged from 20 to 50 MPa, while the number of cavitation processing cycles varied from 1 to 10. The influence of cavitation conditions on the change of fractional composition of petroleum products was analyzed. Target fractions are those having a boiling point up to 400°C.Results. It is shown that increased pressure generated in the diffuser leads to a linear increase in the yield of desired cuts. The dependence of the yield of these fractions on the number of processing cycles is described by the growth model with saturation. A proposed equation describes the influence of pressure and number of cycles on the yield of the fractions from initial boiling point temperature (TIBP) to 400°C following cavitation processing of dark oil products. Some of the coefficients of this equation have been associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock.Conclusions. An equation for predicting the maximum possible yield of the TJBP-400°C fraction as a result of cavitation processing under different conditions of the process is proposed according to the physicochemical characteristics of the feedstock. The prediction error did not exceed 12%. The equation analysis and comparison of energy consumption between different process regimes shows that a higher yield of the target product is achieved by increasing pressure gradient rather than the number of processing cycles.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83147568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-504-513
G. Kovalenko, E. S. Bokova, N. V. Evsyukova
Objectives. To study the structure and properties of solutions of thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s (PEUs) to inform their potential use in the production of fibrous-porous polymer composite materials with a given structure and set of performance properties depending on the field of practical application.Methods. The composition of PEUs was studied by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy using a program for correcting the spectra on an IR Fourier spectrophotometer, as well by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a heat flow calorimeter. The viscosity of PEU solutions was determined on a rotational viscometer.Results. The chemical composition of PEUs and the nature of the formation of hydrogen bonds were studied. An analysis of the spectra demonstrates the almost complete identity of the PEUs synthesized from the same 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. In the studied PEUs of the Vitur and Desmopan® brands, as well as Sanpren, pronounced absorption bands characteristic of urethane groups involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds are visible in the region from 1702 to 1730 cm−1. The temperature transitions and thermal stability of the investigated PEUs were determined by DSC. The influence of the ratio of rigid and flexible blocks, as well as the nature of hydrogen bonds on the melting temperatures of polymers, was shown. Analysis of the DSC curves demonstrated all the studied PEUs to have high melting points ranging from 159 to 215°C. From the studied temperature dependences of the structural viscosity of thermoplastic PEUs solutions, all solutions were established to have a minimum viscosity anomaly; the value of the logarithm of viscosity depends on the chemical composition and structure of the initial PEUs. It is shown that the viscosity anomaly of PEU solutions can be reduced with increasing temperature.Conclusions. A comparison of the chemical composition, structure, thermal and rheological characteristics of thermoplastic PEUs with PEU solutions widely used for the production of fibrous-porous materials and coatings of Sanpren LQ-E-6 and Vitur R 0112 grades demonstrates their practicability as production materials and coatings having a predetermined structure and a set of properties depending on the requirements and operating conditions of finished products.
目标。研究热塑性聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯(PEUs)溶液的结构和性能，以了解其在生产具有给定结构和一套性能的纤维多孔聚合物复合材料方面的潜在用途，具体取决于实际应用领域。利用红外傅立叶分光光度计的光谱校正程序和热流量热计的差示扫描量热法(DSC)对PEUs的组成进行了研究。在旋转粘度计上测定了PEU溶液的粘度。研究了peu的化学组成和氢键形成的性质。光谱分析表明，由相同的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯合成的PEUs几乎完全相同。在所研究的Vitur和Desmopan®品牌以及Sanpren的peu中，在1702至1730 cm−1的区域内可以看到参与氢键形成的聚氨酯基团的明显吸收带。用DSC法测定了所研究的peu的温度转变和热稳定性。研究了刚性和柔性块体的比例以及氢键的性质对聚合物熔融温度的影响。DSC曲线分析表明，所研究的peu具有较高的熔点，范围在159 ~ 215℃之间。从研究的热塑性PEUs溶液结构粘度的温度依赖性来看，所有溶液都具有最小的粘度异常;粘度对数的值取决于初始peu的化学成分和结构。结果表明，随着温度的升高，PEU溶液的粘度异常可以减小。热塑性PEU与广泛用于生产Sanpren LQ-E-6和Vitur R 0112级纤维多孔材料和涂料的PEU溶液的化学成分、结构、热学和流变特性的比较表明，它们作为生产材料和涂料的实用性，具有预定的结构和一系列取决于成品要求和操作条件的性能。
{"title":"Physicochemical fundamentals of processing solutions of thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s to obtain fibrous-porous polymer composite materials","authors":"G. Kovalenko, E. S. Bokova, N. V. Evsyukova","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-504-513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-504-513","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To study the structure and properties of solutions of thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s (PEUs) to inform their potential use in the production of fibrous-porous polymer composite materials with a given structure and set of performance properties depending on the field of practical application.Methods. The composition of PEUs was studied by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy using a program for correcting the spectra on an IR Fourier spectrophotometer, as well by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a heat flow calorimeter. The viscosity of PEU solutions was determined on a rotational viscometer.Results. The chemical composition of PEUs and the nature of the formation of hydrogen bonds were studied. An analysis of the spectra demonstrates the almost complete identity of the PEUs synthesized from the same 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. In the studied PEUs of the Vitur and Desmopan® brands, as well as Sanpren, pronounced absorption bands characteristic of urethane groups involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds are visible in the region from 1702 to 1730 cm−1. The temperature transitions and thermal stability of the investigated PEUs were determined by DSC. The influence of the ratio of rigid and flexible blocks, as well as the nature of hydrogen bonds on the melting temperatures of polymers, was shown. Analysis of the DSC curves demonstrated all the studied PEUs to have high melting points ranging from 159 to 215°C. From the studied temperature dependences of the structural viscosity of thermoplastic PEUs solutions, all solutions were established to have a minimum viscosity anomaly; the value of the logarithm of viscosity depends on the chemical composition and structure of the initial PEUs. It is shown that the viscosity anomaly of PEU solutions can be reduced with increasing temperature.Conclusions. A comparison of the chemical composition, structure, thermal and rheological characteristics of thermoplastic PEUs with PEU solutions widely used for the production of fibrous-porous materials and coatings of Sanpren LQ-E-6 and Vitur R 0112 grades demonstrates their practicability as production materials and coatings having a predetermined structure and a set of properties depending on the requirements and operating conditions of finished products.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76573226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-492-503
N. Loginova, Yu. S. Chesovskikh, V. B. Borodulin
Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the biological activity of the C60/poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (C60/PVP) complex representing a water-soluble fullerene derivative. In vitro and in vivo techniques were used to analyze the effect of the C60/PVP complex on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and evaluate changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum when per os administered to mice.Methods. In order to determine the activity of a commercial LDH preparation and study the kinetics of this process, the standard Warburg photometric method was used. To assess the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the C60/PVP complex on some biochemical parameters in vivo, a study was conducted on two-month-old male white mongrel mice weighing 20 ± 3 g. Determination of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out using a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer according to standard methods.Results. The effect of the C60/PVP complex on LDH activity was studied along with changes in the biochemical parameters of mouse blood serum characterizing carbohydrate metabolism. As well as increasing the glucose and pyruvic acid content, the C60/PVP complex was found to reduce lactate content and LDH activity in blood serum along with in vitro LDH activity according to the type of mixed inhibition.Conclusions. The C60/PVP complex and PVP were shown to exhibit biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The C60/PVP complex, representing a mixed-type LDH inhibitor, was shown to inhibit LDH activity, as well as contributing to a decrease in lactate concentration and an increase in the concentration of pyruvic acid and glucose in blood serum when administered per os to mice. The inhibitory effect of PVP on LDH activity was revealed in both in vivo and in vitro investigations. In vivo, PVP contributes to a decrease in the concentration of lactate in the blood. The less pronounced effect of the C60/PVP complex as compared to PVP alone may be due to the fact that C60 molecules are “hidden” in cavities formed in PVP molecules.
{"title":"Investigation of the biological activity of the water-soluble C60/poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone complex","authors":"N. Loginova, Yu. S. Chesovskikh, V. B. Borodulin","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-492-503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-492-503","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the biological activity of the C60/poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (C60/PVP) complex representing a water-soluble fullerene derivative. In vitro and in vivo techniques were used to analyze the effect of the C60/PVP complex on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and evaluate changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum when per os administered to mice.Methods. In order to determine the activity of a commercial LDH preparation and study the kinetics of this process, the standard Warburg photometric method was used. To assess the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the C60/PVP complex on some biochemical parameters in vivo, a study was conducted on two-month-old male white mongrel mice weighing 20 ± 3 g. Determination of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out using a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer according to standard methods.Results. The effect of the C60/PVP complex on LDH activity was studied along with changes in the biochemical parameters of mouse blood serum characterizing carbohydrate metabolism. As well as increasing the glucose and pyruvic acid content, the C60/PVP complex was found to reduce lactate content and LDH activity in blood serum along with in vitro LDH activity according to the type of mixed inhibition.Conclusions. The C60/PVP complex and PVP were shown to exhibit biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The C60/PVP complex, representing a mixed-type LDH inhibitor, was shown to inhibit LDH activity, as well as contributing to a decrease in lactate concentration and an increase in the concentration of pyruvic acid and glucose in blood serum when administered per os to mice. The inhibitory effect of PVP on LDH activity was revealed in both in vivo and in vitro investigations. In vivo, PVP contributes to a decrease in the concentration of lactate in the blood. The less pronounced effect of the C60/PVP complex as compared to PVP alone may be due to the fact that C60 molecules are “hidden” in cavities formed in PVP molecules.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80993204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-514-536
P. A. Povernov, L. Shibryaeva, L. R. Lusova, A. Popov
Objectives. To discuss the main problems and prospects of creating modern osteoplastic materials based on polymer compositions used for bone surgery.Methods. This review summarizes the research works devoted to the creation of materials used for bone implants and issues involved in their practical testing, as well as analyzes and synthesizes data of scientific articles on the following topics: rationale for the use of biodegradable materials in bone surgery; biodegradation and bioreparation bone graft processes; requirements for degradable polymer composite materials (PCMs) for biomedical applications; overview of polymeric materials suitable for use in implant practice; impact of modifications of the PCM on the structure and biological activity of the material in biological media; effect of exhaust and heat treatment on the molecular structure of polyalkanoates.Results. The most promising biodegradable resorbable materials for reparative bone surgery to date are compared. The requirements for these types of materials are formulated and a rationale for their use is provided that takes into account the advantages over traditional metal and ceramic implants. The features of the kinetics and mechanism of biodegradation of implants in their interaction with the bone biological environment of the body from the moment of implant insertion to complete wound healing are considered. As a result of the analysis, factors that may affect the activity of implant decomposition and methods of adjusting the decomposition rate and mechanical characteristics of the material, such as chemical functionalization, the creation of block copolymers, the inclusion of fibers and mineral fillers in the composite, as well as heat treatment and extraction of the composite at the manufacturing stage, were identified. Among the main factors, the influence of the structure of the composite material on its biological activity during interaction with biological media was evaluated. Of polymer materials, the main attention is paid to the most common biodegradable polymers widely used in medicine: polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) of microbiological origin, polylactide (PLA) and other polymers based on polylactic acid, polycaprolactone (PCL). The effect of their modification by such additives as hydroxyapatite (HAP), chitin and chitosan, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCF) is considered. Materials based on PHB are concluded as the most promising due to their complete biodegradability to non-toxic products (carbon dioxide and water) and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, existing compositions based on PHB are not without disadvantages, which include fragility, low elasticity, unstable behavior under high-temperature exposure during processing, implant molding, sterilization, etc., which requires improvement both in terms of polymer modification and in terms of composition of compositions.Conclusions. The review considers approaches to achieving the properties of materials required for p
{"title":"Modern polymer composite materials for bone surgery: Problems and prospects","authors":"P. A. Povernov, L. Shibryaeva, L. R. Lusova, A. Popov","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-514-536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-6-514-536","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To discuss the main problems and prospects of creating modern osteoplastic materials based on polymer compositions used for bone surgery.Methods. This review summarizes the research works devoted to the creation of materials used for bone implants and issues involved in their practical testing, as well as analyzes and synthesizes data of scientific articles on the following topics: rationale for the use of biodegradable materials in bone surgery; biodegradation and bioreparation bone graft processes; requirements for degradable polymer composite materials (PCMs) for biomedical applications; overview of polymeric materials suitable for use in implant practice; impact of modifications of the PCM on the structure and biological activity of the material in biological media; effect of exhaust and heat treatment on the molecular structure of polyalkanoates.Results. The most promising biodegradable resorbable materials for reparative bone surgery to date are compared. The requirements for these types of materials are formulated and a rationale for their use is provided that takes into account the advantages over traditional metal and ceramic implants. The features of the kinetics and mechanism of biodegradation of implants in their interaction with the bone biological environment of the body from the moment of implant insertion to complete wound healing are considered. As a result of the analysis, factors that may affect the activity of implant decomposition and methods of adjusting the decomposition rate and mechanical characteristics of the material, such as chemical functionalization, the creation of block copolymers, the inclusion of fibers and mineral fillers in the composite, as well as heat treatment and extraction of the composite at the manufacturing stage, were identified. Among the main factors, the influence of the structure of the composite material on its biological activity during interaction with biological media was evaluated. Of polymer materials, the main attention is paid to the most common biodegradable polymers widely used in medicine: polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) of microbiological origin, polylactide (PLA) and other polymers based on polylactic acid, polycaprolactone (PCL). The effect of their modification by such additives as hydroxyapatite (HAP), chitin and chitosan, and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCF) is considered. Materials based on PHB are concluded as the most promising due to their complete biodegradability to non-toxic products (carbon dioxide and water) and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, existing compositions based on PHB are not without disadvantages, which include fragility, low elasticity, unstable behavior under high-temperature exposure during processing, implant molding, sterilization, etc., which requires improvement both in terms of polymer modification and in terms of composition of compositions.Conclusions. The review considers approaches to achieving the properties of materials required for p","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83069657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-5-439-449
A. Smirnov, Yu. D. Ivakin, M. Kornyushin, A. Kholodkova, A. A. Vasin, S. Ayudinyan, H. Kirakosyan
Objectives. To obtain experimental data on the effect of activating additive type on the cold sintering process of (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 high-entropy ceramic. The following substances were used as activating additives: ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), potassium fluoride dihydrate (КF·2H2O), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).Methods. Synthesis of the initial powder by low-temperature self-propagating method; investigation of the powder particles size distribution by laser diffraction method; analysis of the particle shape and compacted sample microstructure by scanning electron microscopy; investigation of the phase composition by X-ray phase analysis; high-entropy ceramic sample consolidation by cold sintering process. The density of the initial powder and the relative density of cold sintered samples were determined by the Archimedes method.Results. Samples with a relative density of over 0.70 were obtained using distilled water, CH3COONH4 and NaOH during cold sintering at 300 °C, with a holding time of 30 min and pressure 315 MPa.Conclusions. For the first time, the effect of the type of activating additive on the relative density of high-entropy ceramics (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 samples obtained by cold sintering process has been experimentally demonstrated. The samples microstructures have pronounced differences: 20 wt % distilled water does not lead to grain growth, with only their compaction to 0.71 relative density observed; however, the addition of 0.1 wt % CH3COONH4 and NaOH increases the average grain size when reaching similar relative densities (0.70 and 0.71, respectively). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the cold sintering process does not lead to a change in the phase composition of the initial (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 powder, confirming the preservation of the high-entropy structure.
{"title":"Effect of activating additives on the cold sintering process of (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 high-entropy ceramics","authors":"A. Smirnov, Yu. D. Ivakin, M. Kornyushin, A. Kholodkova, A. A. Vasin, S. Ayudinyan, H. Kirakosyan","doi":"10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-5-439-449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-5-439-449","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To obtain experimental data on the effect of activating additive type on the cold sintering process of (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 high-entropy ceramic. The following substances were used as activating additives: ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), potassium fluoride dihydrate (КF·2H2O), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).Methods. Synthesis of the initial powder by low-temperature self-propagating method; investigation of the powder particles size distribution by laser diffraction method; analysis of the particle shape and compacted sample microstructure by scanning electron microscopy; investigation of the phase composition by X-ray phase analysis; high-entropy ceramic sample consolidation by cold sintering process. The density of the initial powder and the relative density of cold sintered samples were determined by the Archimedes method.Results. Samples with a relative density of over 0.70 were obtained using distilled water, CH3COONH4 and NaOH during cold sintering at 300 °C, with a holding time of 30 min and pressure 315 MPa.Conclusions. For the first time, the effect of the type of activating additive on the relative density of high-entropy ceramics (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 samples obtained by cold sintering process has been experimentally demonstrated. The samples microstructures have pronounced differences: 20 wt % distilled water does not lead to grain growth, with only their compaction to 0.71 relative density observed; however, the addition of 0.1 wt % CH3COONH4 and NaOH increases the average grain size when reaching similar relative densities (0.70 and 0.71, respectively). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the cold sintering process does not lead to a change in the phase composition of the initial (MnFeCoNiCu)3O4 powder, confirming the preservation of the high-entropy structure.","PeriodicalId":12215,"journal":{"name":"Fine Chemical Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83608766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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