Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00977-4
M. P. Liul, A. I. Ryzhov, S. N. Shevchenko
{"title":"Interferometry of multi-level systems: rate-equation approach for a charge qu$${ d }$$it","authors":"M. P. Liul, A. I. Ryzhov, S. N. Shevchenko","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00977-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00977-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00988-1
Jacob M. Leamer, Wenlei Zhang, Nicholas J. Savino, Ravi K. Saripalli, Sanjaya Lohani, Ryan T. Glasser, Denys I. Bondar
{"title":"Classical optical analogue of quantum discord","authors":"Jacob M. Leamer, Wenlei Zhang, Nicholas J. Savino, Ravi K. Saripalli, Sanjaya Lohani, Ryan T. Glasser, Denys I. Bondar","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00988-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00988-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00978-3
Jiří J. Mareš, Václav Špička, Pavel Hubík
Abstract Thought experiments are effective tools of theoretical physics, and historically they have led to the discovery of many useful ideas and relations. Yet they also give rise to paradoxes that persist for long periods of time despite enormous efforts to resolve them. A problem par excellence, one that falls within the realm of classical electrodynamics and has been investigated exclusively by means of thought experiments, is the famous problem of hidden momentum. It concerns the conversion of the electromagnetic momentum generated by static electromagnetic fields into momentum of a non-electromagnetic nature and the resulting momentum balance. As a rule, this effect, which takes place in ponderable systems, is very subtle, of the order of $$sim$$ ∼ 1/ c 2 ; thus, until now it has only been studied theoretically and has never been demonstrated experimentally. The main subject of this paper is the analysis of a robust and experimentally well-established phenomenon operating in static electromagnetic fields—the ordinary Hall effect—which has been interpreted anew in terms of the Poynting vector and proven to be sufficiently sensitive for direct comparison with typical quantitative estimates encountered in the hidden momentum problem. Confrontation of hypothetical models with a real experiment enables us to formulate the general conditions and rules that should be observed when designing thought experiments in classical electrodynamics.
{"title":"Thought experiments in electromagnetic theory and the ordinary Hall effect","authors":"Jiří J. Mareš, Václav Špička, Pavel Hubík","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00978-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00978-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thought experiments are effective tools of theoretical physics, and historically they have led to the discovery of many useful ideas and relations. Yet they also give rise to paradoxes that persist for long periods of time despite enormous efforts to resolve them. A problem par excellence, one that falls within the realm of classical electrodynamics and has been investigated exclusively by means of thought experiments, is the famous problem of hidden momentum. It concerns the conversion of the electromagnetic momentum generated by static electromagnetic fields into momentum of a non-electromagnetic nature and the resulting momentum balance. As a rule, this effect, which takes place in ponderable systems, is very subtle, of the order of $$sim$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 1/ c 2 ; thus, until now it has only been studied theoretically and has never been demonstrated experimentally. The main subject of this paper is the analysis of a robust and experimentally well-established phenomenon operating in static electromagnetic fields—the ordinary Hall effect—which has been interpreted anew in terms of the Poynting vector and proven to be sufficiently sensitive for direct comparison with typical quantitative estimates encountered in the hidden momentum problem. Confrontation of hypothetical models with a real experiment enables us to formulate the general conditions and rules that should be observed when designing thought experiments in classical electrodynamics.","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00962-x
Mustapha Bouallala, E. L.-Hassan Essoufi, Van Thien Nguyen, Wei Pang
{"title":"A time-fractional of a viscoelastic frictionless contact problem with normal compliance","authors":"Mustapha Bouallala, E. L.-Hassan Essoufi, Van Thien Nguyen, Wei Pang","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00962-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00962-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00986-3
Joe Rowland Adams, Julian Newman, Aneta Stefanovska
Abstract Time-dependent dynamics is ubiquitous in the natural world and beyond. Effectively analysing its presence in data is essential to our ability to understand the systems from which it is recorded. However, the traditional framework for dynamics analysis is in terms of time-independent dynamical systems and long-term statistics, as opposed to the explicit tracking over time of time-localised dynamical behaviour. We review commonly used analysis techniques based on this traditional statistical framework—such as the autocorrelation function, power-spectral density, and multiscale sample entropy—and contrast to an alternative framework in terms of finite-time dynamics of networks of time-dependent cyclic processes. In time-independent systems, the net effect of a large number of individually intractable contributions may be considered as noise; we show that time-dependent oscillator systems with only a small number of contributions may appear noise-like when analysed according to the traditional framework using power-spectral density estimation. However, methods characteristic of the time-dependent finite-time-dynamics framework, such as the wavelet transform and wavelet bispectrum, are able to identify the determinism and provide crucial information about the analysed system. Finally, we compare these two frameworks for three sets of experimental data. We demonstrate that while techniques based on the traditional framework are unable to reliably detect and understand underlying time-dependent dynamics, the alternative framework identifies deterministic oscillations and interactions.
{"title":"Distinguishing between deterministic oscillations and noise","authors":"Joe Rowland Adams, Julian Newman, Aneta Stefanovska","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00986-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00986-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Time-dependent dynamics is ubiquitous in the natural world and beyond. Effectively analysing its presence in data is essential to our ability to understand the systems from which it is recorded. However, the traditional framework for dynamics analysis is in terms of time-independent dynamical systems and long-term statistics, as opposed to the explicit tracking over time of time-localised dynamical behaviour. We review commonly used analysis techniques based on this traditional statistical framework—such as the autocorrelation function, power-spectral density, and multiscale sample entropy—and contrast to an alternative framework in terms of finite-time dynamics of networks of time-dependent cyclic processes. In time-independent systems, the net effect of a large number of individually intractable contributions may be considered as noise; we show that time-dependent oscillator systems with only a small number of contributions may appear noise-like when analysed according to the traditional framework using power-spectral density estimation. However, methods characteristic of the time-dependent finite-time-dynamics framework, such as the wavelet transform and wavelet bispectrum, are able to identify the determinism and provide crucial information about the analysed system. Finally, we compare these two frameworks for three sets of experimental data. We demonstrate that while techniques based on the traditional framework are unable to reliably detect and understand underlying time-dependent dynamics, the alternative framework identifies deterministic oscillations and interactions.","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00987-2
Stephen M. Barnett
Abstract We present and discuss two exact, but perhaps unfamiliar, representations of thermal radiation. The first has the form of a superposition of the quantum vacuum and a stochastic classical field and the second is the pure-state thermofield representation introduced by Takahashi and Umezawa. It is interesting that the former is, essentially, the opposite of Planck’s original conception of blackbody radiation.
{"title":"Vacuum representations of blackbody radiation","authors":"Stephen M. Barnett","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00987-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00987-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present and discuss two exact, but perhaps unfamiliar, representations of thermal radiation. The first has the form of a superposition of the quantum vacuum and a stochastic classical field and the second is the pure-state thermofield representation introduced by Takahashi and Umezawa. It is interesting that the former is, essentially, the opposite of Planck’s original conception of blackbody radiation.","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00980-9
Till Dolejsky, Erik Fitzke, Lucas Bialowons, Maximilian Tippmann, Oleg Nikiforov, Thomas Walther
Abstract Recently, we implemented a basic star-shaped entanglement-based quantum key distribution network without trusted nodes. It enables simultaneous pairwise exchange of quantum keys between multiple users. In this paper, we demonstrate its flexibility by focusing on several aspects. We show continuous system operation over a partially deployed 100 km fiber link for multiple days as well as dynamic reconfiguration of the communication partners. The photon pair source enables type-II or type-0 photon pair generation by SPDC as well as various demultiplexing strategies and repetition rates.
{"title":"Flexible reconfigurable entanglement-based quantum key distribution network","authors":"Till Dolejsky, Erik Fitzke, Lucas Bialowons, Maximilian Tippmann, Oleg Nikiforov, Thomas Walther","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00980-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00980-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, we implemented a basic star-shaped entanglement-based quantum key distribution network without trusted nodes. It enables simultaneous pairwise exchange of quantum keys between multiple users. In this paper, we demonstrate its flexibility by focusing on several aspects. We show continuous system operation over a partially deployed 100 km fiber link for multiple days as well as dynamic reconfiguration of the communication partners. The photon pair source enables type-II or type-0 photon pair generation by SPDC as well as various demultiplexing strategies and repetition rates.","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00974-7
Aleksandr N. Mikheev, Ido Siovitz, Thomas Gasenzer
Abstract Closed quantum systems far from thermal equilibrium can show universal dynamics near attractor solutions, known as non-thermal fixed points, generically in the form of scaling behaviour in space and time. A systematic classification and comprehensive understanding of such scaling solutions are tasks of future developments in non-equilibrium quantum many-body theory. In this tutorial review, we outline several analytical approaches to non-thermal fixed points and summarise corresponding numerical and experimental results. The analytic methods include a non-perturbative kinetic theory derived within the two-particle irreducible effective action formalism, as well as a low-energy effective field theory framework. As one of the driving forces of this research field are numerical simulations, we summarise the main results of exemplary cases of universal dynamics in ultracold Bose gases. This encompasses quantum vortex ensembles in turbulent superfluids as well as recently observed real-time instanton solutions in one-dimensional spinor condensates.
{"title":"Universal dynamics and non-thermal fixed points in quantum fluids far from equilibrium","authors":"Aleksandr N. Mikheev, Ido Siovitz, Thomas Gasenzer","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00974-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00974-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Closed quantum systems far from thermal equilibrium can show universal dynamics near attractor solutions, known as non-thermal fixed points, generically in the form of scaling behaviour in space and time. A systematic classification and comprehensive understanding of such scaling solutions are tasks of future developments in non-equilibrium quantum many-body theory. In this tutorial review, we outline several analytical approaches to non-thermal fixed points and summarise corresponding numerical and experimental results. The analytic methods include a non-perturbative kinetic theory derived within the two-particle irreducible effective action formalism, as well as a low-energy effective field theory framework. As one of the driving forces of this research field are numerical simulations, we summarise the main results of exemplary cases of universal dynamics in ultracold Bose gases. This encompasses quantum vortex ensembles in turbulent superfluids as well as recently observed real-time instanton solutions in one-dimensional spinor condensates.","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00965-8
Kang Wang, Zhenhai Li
{"title":"Steered molecular dynamics simulation of force triggering the integrin αIIbβ3 extension via its ligand","authors":"Kang Wang, Zhenhai Li","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00965-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00965-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47816415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00979-2
A. Plotnitsky
{"title":"t is not time: reality, causality, and the arrow of events in quantum theory","authors":"A. Plotnitsky","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00979-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00979-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48787646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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