Industrial facilities, including those specializing in chemical fiber production, are a major source of carbon dioxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions. These emissions degrade air quality, affect climate change, and have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. This paper presents a mathematical model for calculating a scrubber for purifying and heat recovery of the moist air emitted by various devices of chemical fiber production enterprises.
We describe approaches to the construction of mathematical models of relaxation processes occurring in industrial-use polymer textile materials. The problem of constructing mathematical models that are most appropriately suited to the processes being modeled is solved.
The relevance of developing and refining methods for computational prediction of the stress-strain state of polymer materials under the action of non-destructive mechanical stresses is associated with the increasing industrial application of such materials. In addition, these methods can be used when conducting a comparative analysis of various materials and investigating relationships between their properties and structure, as well as for a purposeful in-process monitoring of material properties and prediction of the results of short-term and long-term mechanical stresses. Time-spectral modeling of the viscoelastic behavior of polymer textile materials is important in terms of determining the functional and operational characteristics of materials, thus enhancing their competitiveness.
Nonwoven microfibrous materials were electrospun from polystyrene solutions of concentrations 15-25 wt% in various solvents (DMF, THF, CHCl3, and EtOAc). Scanning electron microscopy found that fibers of various morphologies, both round and ribbonlike, with smooth and porous surfaces could be produced depending on the spinning solution parameters and process conditions. The average fiber diameter could be regulated in the range 0.5-20 μm. Addition to the spinning solutions of EtOH was shown to improve their rheological and electrophysical characteristics, to decrease the average diameter of the resulting fibers, and to improve their homogeneity. The obtained materials demonstrated superhydrophobic properties and high sorption capacity (up to 185 g/g) for motor and silicone oils. This enabled them to be considered effective sorbents for remediating spills of oil products from water surfaces.
The methods of mathematical modeling for describing the creep behavior of industrial-use polymer textile materials are presented. The problem of constructing mathematical models that most adequately correspond to the processes under modeling is given.
The sorption mechanism of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by edible fibers, namely isolated highly purified fractions of pectinic polysaccharides of pomelo albedo, beet pulp, and sunflower calathides, was studied. The Lagergren and Ho-McKay equations were used to evaluate the contribution of a chemical reaction to the sorption process. A relationship was found between the sorption capacity of pectinic polysaccharides and the concentration of free galacturonic acids.
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