Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most serious complications in older people with incontinence. Controlling urine property in absorbent pads could be effective for preventing IAD caused by bacterial urine. However, no animal model has been established to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aimed to induce IAD-like skin changes using absorbent pads containing bacterial urine and to confirm their pathophysiology in rats. Hairless Wistar Yagi rats were divided into the bacteria-containing urine (BU) and the bacteria-free urine (U) groups. A 10-h-attachment of absorbent pads containing artificial urine with/without bacteria to the skin pretreated with sodium lauryl sulfate was performed repeatedly for 5 days. Macroscopic findings and skin barrier function were examined every day, and histological changes, inflammatory responses and bacterial quantification in tissue samples were examined on Day 5. The BU group exhibited significant skin redness from Day 3, significant elevation of transepidermal water loss from Day 1, and histological changes, including significantly thickened epidermis, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and erythrocyte leakage. Inflammation, confirmed by higher myeloperoxidase-positive cells, elevated tumour necrosis factor-α expression, and vascular endothelial damage, indicated by CD31 and pentraxin 3-positive cells, were observed in the BU group. The bacterial quantification showed no significant difference between the groups. IAD-like skin changes including histological changes and inflammation were suggested to be caused by urine properties altered by bacteria. This study proposed a new animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of absorbent pads in controlling the urine properties of bacterial urine on preventing IAD.
尿失禁相关皮炎(IAD)是患有尿失禁的老年人最严重的并发症之一。控制吸收垫的尿液性质可以有效预防细菌性尿液引起的 IAD。然而,目前还没有建立动物模型来评估其有效性。本研究旨在使用含有细菌尿液的吸收垫诱导 IAD 样皮肤变化,并在大鼠身上证实其病理生理学。无毛 Wistar Yagi 大鼠被分为含菌尿(BU)组和无菌尿(U)组。用十二烷基硫酸钠预处理过的含/不含细菌人工尿液的吸收垫贴在大鼠皮肤上,反复贴附 10 小时,持续 5 天。每天检查宏观结果和皮肤屏障功能,第 5 天检查组织学变化、炎症反应和组织样本中的细菌定量。从第 3 天起,BU 组皮肤明显发红,从第 1 天起,经表皮失水明显增加,组织学变化包括表皮明显增厚、角质细胞分化异常和红细胞渗漏。髓过氧化物酶阳性细胞增多、肿瘤坏死因子-α表达升高证实了炎症,而 CD31 和五胜肽 3 阳性细胞则表明血管内皮受损。细菌定量结果显示,各组间无明显差异。包括组织学变化和炎症在内的 IAD 样皮肤变化被认为是由细菌改变尿液性质引起的。本研究提出了一种新的动物模型,用于评估吸水垫在控制细菌尿的尿液性质方面对预防 IAD 的有效性。
{"title":"Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis-Like Skin Changes Induced by the Application of Absorbent Pads Containing Bacteria and Artificial Urine in Rats","authors":"Ai Horinouchi, Yuko Mugita, Sanai Tomida, Chihiro Takizawa, Daijiro Haba, Hiromi Sanada, Gojiro Nakagami","doi":"10.1111/exd.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most serious complications in older people with incontinence. Controlling urine property in absorbent pads could be effective for preventing IAD caused by bacterial urine. However, no animal model has been established to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aimed to induce IAD-like skin changes using absorbent pads containing bacterial urine and to confirm their pathophysiology in rats. Hairless Wistar Yagi rats were divided into the bacteria-containing urine (BU) and the bacteria-free urine (U) groups. A 10-h-attachment of absorbent pads containing artificial urine with/without bacteria to the skin pretreated with sodium lauryl sulfate was performed repeatedly for 5 days. Macroscopic findings and skin barrier function were examined every day, and histological changes, inflammatory responses and bacterial quantification in tissue samples were examined on Day 5. The BU group exhibited significant skin redness from Day 3, significant elevation of transepidermal water loss from Day 1, and histological changes, including significantly thickened epidermis, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and erythrocyte leakage. Inflammation, confirmed by higher myeloperoxidase-positive cells, elevated tumour necrosis factor-α expression, and vascular endothelial damage, indicated by CD31 and pentraxin 3-positive cells, were observed in the BU group. The bacterial quantification showed no significant difference between the groups. IAD-like skin changes including histological changes and inflammation were suggested to be caused by urine properties altered by bacteria. This study proposed a new animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of absorbent pads in controlling the urine properties of bacterial urine on preventing IAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/exd.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}