Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638285
E. O’Neill-Carrillo, E. Mercado, Oscar Luhring, Isaac Jordan
Distributed energy resources (DERs) represent opportunities to increase the use of renewable energy while enabling local socio-economic activities. This paper presents some of the social considerations related to DERs, in particular regarding the transformation of users from passive consumers to active energy actors. The interactions and work from engineering and social science students, as well as meetings with community leaders were used to develop recommendations to improve community-based DER initiatives in support of sustainability and resiliency. An emphasis on sense of community, social capital and empowerment were identified as essential aspects for the success of a community-based project. A framework that emphasizes human behavior within the environment (natural and social) was suggested to guide community DER efforts, both within the community and also to deal with external factors such as government policies and social misconceptions.
{"title":"Local Socio-Economic Development through Community-Based Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"E. O’Neill-Carrillo, E. Mercado, Oscar Luhring, Isaac Jordan","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638285","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed energy resources (DERs) represent opportunities to increase the use of renewable energy while enabling local socio-economic activities. This paper presents some of the social considerations related to DERs, in particular regarding the transformation of users from passive consumers to active energy actors. The interactions and work from engineering and social science students, as well as meetings with community leaders were used to develop recommendations to improve community-based DER initiatives in support of sustainability and resiliency. An emphasis on sense of community, social capital and empowerment were identified as essential aspects for the success of a community-based project. A framework that emphasizes human behavior within the environment (natural and social) was suggested to guide community DER efforts, both within the community and also to deal with external factors such as government policies and social misconceptions.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130647435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/istas.2018.8638159
{"title":"ISTAS 2018 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/istas.2018.8638159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2018.8638159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125870669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638265
P. Nguyen
This study aims to identify social agents and understand their dynamic roles along evolution trajectories of human genome editing technology. We used Twitter public data from 2015–2016 that contain tweets mentioning the technology, natural language processing and sentiment analysis to automatically identify social groups who might be currently shaping the development of this technology, the topics and prevalently expressed emotions by each group over time. The study found four distinct and active social agent groups who actively discussing five topics online in the two years period, and their level of engagement with online discussions regarding the technology were different. While distinct expectations of the technology were found, social agents’ attachment to those expectations was not sustainable. The overall sentiments of Twitter discussions were mostly neutral and gravitated toward slightly positive direction. The technology, despite being in early development stage and being highly anticipatory, was found to be more accepted than feared in discussions on social media. Some similarities and divergence among four social groups were also found. The study provided an empirical evidence for the contrast between two prominent social agents, expert and media, on their involvement in discussions regarding human genome editing.
{"title":"Social Agents of Technological Change: Dynamics and Divergence of Meanings, Expectations and Sentiments of Emerging Technologies : the case of Genome Editing","authors":"P. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638265","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify social agents and understand their dynamic roles along evolution trajectories of human genome editing technology. We used Twitter public data from 2015–2016 that contain tweets mentioning the technology, natural language processing and sentiment analysis to automatically identify social groups who might be currently shaping the development of this technology, the topics and prevalently expressed emotions by each group over time. The study found four distinct and active social agent groups who actively discussing five topics online in the two years period, and their level of engagement with online discussions regarding the technology were different. While distinct expectations of the technology were found, social agents’ attachment to those expectations was not sustainable. The overall sentiments of Twitter discussions were mostly neutral and gravitated toward slightly positive direction. The technology, despite being in early development stage and being highly anticipatory, was found to be more accepted than feared in discussions on social media. Some similarities and divergence among four social groups were also found. The study provided an empirical evidence for the contrast between two prominent social agents, expert and media, on their involvement in discussions regarding human genome editing.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129582955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638277
Meg Leta Jones
Consent is central to information policy around the world, and the basis for much of privacy and data protection law. This paper argues that consent to compute is a distinct notion and an important aspect of European-style data protection regimes and has not had the same treatment in the U.S., resulting in a great deal of tension between the regions. Moral grounds on which the U.S. and Europe disagree include the nature of the act of computing in relation to individuals and the moral background on which the transaction sits
{"title":"Comparative Ethics of Computing Without Consent","authors":"Meg Leta Jones","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638277","url":null,"abstract":"Consent is central to information policy around the world, and the basis for much of privacy and data protection law. This paper argues that consent to compute is a distinct notion and an important aspect of European-style data protection regimes and has not had the same treatment in the U.S., resulting in a great deal of tension between the regions. Moral grounds on which the U.S. and Europe disagree include the nature of the act of computing in relation to individuals and the moral background on which the transaction sits","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127432988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/istas.2018.8638272
L. Bower
The purpose of a Smart City program is to utilize information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of municipal functions and operations in order to better serve citizens and improve the quality of life. This paper focuses on assessing the development impact of Smart City programs in the context of a case study on the Istanbul’s Smarter City Initiative. It discusses the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (the entity responsible for the initiative), the strategies and implementation of the program, benchmarking with other cities around the world, and expected development impacts of the initiative on various sectors.
{"title":"The Development Impact of Smart City Programs : A Case Study: Istanbul’s Smarter City Initiative","authors":"L. Bower","doi":"10.1109/istas.2018.8638272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2018.8638272","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of a Smart City program is to utilize information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of municipal functions and operations in order to better serve citizens and improve the quality of life. This paper focuses on assessing the development impact of Smart City programs in the context of a case study on the Istanbul’s Smarter City Initiative. It discusses the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (the entity responsible for the initiative), the strategies and implementation of the program, benchmarking with other cities around the world, and expected development impacts of the initiative on various sectors.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"90 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130655571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638164
Dema Alorini, D. Rawat
One of the largest domains for written communication is the on-line domain. Today, social media has become widely used among people of different ages, groups and nationalities. In the Gulf region, Twitter is one of popular social networking sites. Tweets do not only contain information about opinions, news, and conversations, but also contain malicious content such as false information, malicious links, and other types of cyber threats. Therefore, those tweets need to be identified first in order to discover whether it is malicious or not. Tweets from the Gulf region are not written in the Modern Standard Language (MSA), which is used in most translation systems as an Arabic source. In this paper, we first present a Gulf Dialectical Arabic (Gulf DA) to English dataset in order to create a Gulf Knowledge Base (GulfKB). Then, we use the GulfKB model-based reasoning that is based on Bayesian inference to uncover malicious content and suspicious users. We have evaluated the proposed approach using numerical results. Our approach gives accuracy of 91% and outperforms the existing approaches in the state of art literature.
{"title":"Bayesian Reasoning Based Malicious Data Discovery on Gulf-Dialectical Arabic Tweets","authors":"Dema Alorini, D. Rawat","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638164","url":null,"abstract":"One of the largest domains for written communication is the on-line domain. Today, social media has become widely used among people of different ages, groups and nationalities. In the Gulf region, Twitter is one of popular social networking sites. Tweets do not only contain information about opinions, news, and conversations, but also contain malicious content such as false information, malicious links, and other types of cyber threats. Therefore, those tweets need to be identified first in order to discover whether it is malicious or not. Tweets from the Gulf region are not written in the Modern Standard Language (MSA), which is used in most translation systems as an Arabic source. In this paper, we first present a Gulf Dialectical Arabic (Gulf DA) to English dataset in order to create a Gulf Knowledge Base (GulfKB). Then, we use the GulfKB model-based reasoning that is based on Bayesian inference to uncover malicious content and suspicious users. We have evaluated the proposed approach using numerical results. Our approach gives accuracy of 91% and outperforms the existing approaches in the state of art literature.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131961975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638280
Pablo Rivas, Kerstin Holzmayer, Cristian Hernandez, Charles Grippaldi
Chatbots and talkbots are intelligent programs that can establish written and oral communication with human beings, usually with the purpose of helping them achieve a specific goal. More and more companies are now implementing bots in order to reduce operational costs. Most bots use machine learning algorithms that are deployed on companies websites, cloud services, or distributed mobile systems so that customers are always able to speak with ‘someone’ to inquire about products or services. Most bots are trained using data from interactions among human beings so that they can learn speech patterns and answer questions. In this paper we present the results of an experiment designed to survey people’s perception of these bots and how much people trust them. We present a moral dilemma to the respondents and ask questions about permissiveness and assess if bots are judged and blamed differently than their human counterparts. In this paper we reveal such differences in judgement, which suggest that many people hold the chatbots to similar behavioral standards than human beings; however, bots receive blame just as humans do.
{"title":"Excitement and Concerns about Machine Learning-Based Chatbots and Talkbots: A Survey","authors":"Pablo Rivas, Kerstin Holzmayer, Cristian Hernandez, Charles Grippaldi","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638280","url":null,"abstract":"Chatbots and talkbots are intelligent programs that can establish written and oral communication with human beings, usually with the purpose of helping them achieve a specific goal. More and more companies are now implementing bots in order to reduce operational costs. Most bots use machine learning algorithms that are deployed on companies websites, cloud services, or distributed mobile systems so that customers are always able to speak with ‘someone’ to inquire about products or services. Most bots are trained using data from interactions among human beings so that they can learn speech patterns and answer questions. In this paper we present the results of an experiment designed to survey people’s perception of these bots and how much people trust them. We present a moral dilemma to the respondents and ask questions about permissiveness and assess if bots are judged and blamed differently than their human counterparts. In this paper we reveal such differences in judgement, which suggest that many people hold the chatbots to similar behavioral standards than human beings; however, bots receive blame just as humans do.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115991851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638271
Michael F. Warder, Tyler J. Gottlieb, Patrick J. Jung, K. Miezio, Victoria Carlson-Oehlers, Bernard A. Cohen
The system of teaching financial literacy described in this paper has been developed by an undergraduate electrical engineering student, and the computer application by which it is taught and learned has been developed by an undergraduate software engineering student. This system illustrates the importance of household savings to people in developing countries. The system is actually a game that illustrates how placing a portion of family earnings into a savings account, along with prudent use of loans, can increase available household income over time. This system has been used in a community in rural Honduras composed almost completely of farming families who have access to a local micro-finance institution (MFI). After participating in a session of this financial literacy learning game, the participants had a better understanding of the foundational practices incumbent upon the proper management of household finances through an MFI. Developing this learning system into a computer application enhances and widens its usability in developing countries, particularly for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that teach financial literacy. The importance of the computer application is that it incorporates the rules of the game, which are based on the financial principles required for the success of an MFI, and the rules also take into consideration those conditions unique to rural Honduras. Thus, NGO staff members can quickly learn this game and the principles upon which it has been developed and quickly master this learning system so it can employed in rural communities.
{"title":"Financial Literacy Education and Responsibilities in Developing Countries Using a Computer Application","authors":"Michael F. Warder, Tyler J. Gottlieb, Patrick J. Jung, K. Miezio, Victoria Carlson-Oehlers, Bernard A. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638271","url":null,"abstract":"The system of teaching financial literacy described in this paper has been developed by an undergraduate electrical engineering student, and the computer application by which it is taught and learned has been developed by an undergraduate software engineering student. This system illustrates the importance of household savings to people in developing countries. The system is actually a game that illustrates how placing a portion of family earnings into a savings account, along with prudent use of loans, can increase available household income over time. This system has been used in a community in rural Honduras composed almost completely of farming families who have access to a local micro-finance institution (MFI). After participating in a session of this financial literacy learning game, the participants had a better understanding of the foundational practices incumbent upon the proper management of household finances through an MFI. Developing this learning system into a computer application enhances and widens its usability in developing countries, particularly for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that teach financial literacy. The importance of the computer application is that it incorporates the rules of the game, which are based on the financial principles required for the success of an MFI, and the rules also take into consideration those conditions unique to rural Honduras. Thus, NGO staff members can quickly learn this game and the principles upon which it has been developed and quickly master this learning system so it can employed in rural communities.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115042421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638270
P. Jagalur, Peter L. Levin, Kate Brittain, M. Dubinsky, Kristine Landau-Jagalur, Charlotte Lathrop
This paper explores emerging security and privacy challenges faced by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), particularly those advocating for democracy or human rights within closing spaces, such as conflict zones or surveillance states. We met with CSOs and experts in democracy and governance to understand their challenges and concerns. Informed by experience developing information security best practices, we propose alternative design patterns based on their input that will help the technology industries, security professionals, and advocacy groups better address CSOs’ most pressing security and privacy needs.Our contention is that security guidance offered by professionals from democratic societies is ineffective for closing spaces due to ignorance of their environments and assumptions that do not apply outside a liberal-democratic context. For resource-constrained CSOs with limited capacity for strategic planning, traditional approaches have proven difficult to apply. We introduce an alternative approach focused on expanding security literacy and improving software design patterns.
{"title":"Cybersecurity for Civil Society","authors":"P. Jagalur, Peter L. Levin, Kate Brittain, M. Dubinsky, Kristine Landau-Jagalur, Charlotte Lathrop","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2018.8638270","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores emerging security and privacy challenges faced by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), particularly those advocating for democracy or human rights within closing spaces, such as conflict zones or surveillance states. We met with CSOs and experts in democracy and governance to understand their challenges and concerns. Informed by experience developing information security best practices, we propose alternative design patterns based on their input that will help the technology industries, security professionals, and advocacy groups better address CSOs’ most pressing security and privacy needs.Our contention is that security guidance offered by professionals from democratic societies is ineffective for closing spaces due to ignorance of their environments and assumptions that do not apply outside a liberal-democratic context. For resource-constrained CSOs with limited capacity for strategic planning, traditional approaches have proven difficult to apply. We introduce an alternative approach focused on expanding security literacy and improving software design patterns.","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127773603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1109/istas.2018.8638160
{"title":"ISTAS 2018 Copyright Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/istas.2018.8638160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2018.8638160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":122477,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115869995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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