Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110113762
C. Herce-Pagliai, I. Moreno, G. González, M. Repetto, A. Cameán
Forty-five wine samples from the south of Spain of different alcoholic strength were analysed for total arsenic and its inorganic [As(III), As(V)] and organic (monomethylarsonic acid [MMAA], dimethylarsinic acid [DMAA]) species. The As levels of the wine samples ranged from 2.1 to 14.6 µg l-1. The possible effect of the alcoholic fermentation process on the levels of the total arsenic and arsenical species was studied. The average total arsenic levels for the different samples were very similar, without significant differences between all types of wines. In table wines and sherry, the percentages of total inorganic arsenic were 18.6 and 15.6%, with DMAA or MMAA being the predominant species, respectively. In most samples, DMAA was the most abundant species, but the total inorganic aresenic fraction was considerable, representing 25.4% of the total concentration of the element. The estimated daily intakes of total arsenic and total inorganic arsenic for average Spanish consumers were 0.78 and 0.15 µg/person day-1, respectively. The results suggest that the consumption of these types of wines makes no significant contribution to the total and inorganic arsenic intake for normal drinkers. However, wine consumption contributes a higher arsenic intake than through consumption of beers and sherry brandies.
{"title":"Determination of total arsenic, inorganic and organic arsenic species in wine","authors":"C. Herce-Pagliai, I. Moreno, G. González, M. Repetto, A. Cameán","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113762","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-five wine samples from the south of Spain of different alcoholic strength were analysed for total arsenic and its inorganic [As(III), As(V)] and organic (monomethylarsonic acid [MMAA], dimethylarsinic acid [DMAA]) species. The As levels of the wine samples ranged from 2.1 to 14.6 µg l-1. The possible effect of the alcoholic fermentation process on the levels of the total arsenic and arsenical species was studied. The average total arsenic levels for the different samples were very similar, without significant differences between all types of wines. In table wines and sherry, the percentages of total inorganic arsenic were 18.6 and 15.6%, with DMAA or MMAA being the predominant species, respectively. In most samples, DMAA was the most abundant species, but the total inorganic aresenic fraction was considerable, representing 25.4% of the total concentration of the element. The estimated daily intakes of total arsenic and total inorganic arsenic for average Spanish consumers were 0.78 and 0.15 µg/person day-1, respectively. The results suggest that the consumption of these types of wines makes no significant contribution to the total and inorganic arsenic intake for normal drinkers. However, wine consumption contributes a higher arsenic intake than through consumption of beers and sherry brandies.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"12 1","pages":"542 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110105194
A. Riquet, D. Scholler, A. Feigenbaum
It is suggested that solvent mixtures consisting of an ester and of an inert solvent can be used as fatty food simulants capable of having the same migration behaviour as olive oil with plastics. Migration tests carried out with low-density polyethylene for 20 and 48h in an 8 and 5% mixture of tert-butyl acetate in ethanol respectively gave results equivalent to those obtained with olive oil after 10 days at 40°C. The use of solvent mixtures facilitated the analysis and improved detection limits, giving good repeatability. Furthermore, the more rapid migration in solvent mixtures can be particularly useful for industrial controls as alternative test methods.
{"title":"Tailoring fatty food simulants made from solvent mixtures (2): determining the equivalent migration behaviour of olive oil and of solvents in the case of polyolefins","authors":"A. Riquet, D. Scholler, A. Feigenbaum","doi":"10.1080/02652030110105194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110105194","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that solvent mixtures consisting of an ester and of an inert solvent can be used as fatty food simulants capable of having the same migration behaviour as olive oil with plastics. Migration tests carried out with low-density polyethylene for 20 and 48h in an 8 and 5% mixture of tert-butyl acetate in ethanol respectively gave results equivalent to those obtained with olive oil after 10 days at 40°C. The use of solvent mixtures facilitated the analysis and improved detection limits, giving good repeatability. Furthermore, the more rapid migration in solvent mixtures can be particularly useful for industrial controls as alternative test methods.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"18 7 Suppl 2 1","pages":"582 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74998294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030210123878
L. Malmauret, D. Parent-Massin, J. Hardy, P. Verger
The aim was to compare the levels of contamination in organic and conventional raw materials. To this end, the level of contamination by heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury), nitrates and nitrites, and some mycotoxins were monitored. Fifteen products were tested in their organic and conventional forms, including meat, milk, eggs, vegetables and cereals. The median levels of contamination were calculated and compared with the recommended or regulated maximum levels. The maximum levels were exceeded for lead in organic carrots and buckwheat, and in conventional wheat; for cadmium, in both organic and conventional buckwheat; for nitrates, in organic spinach; and for patulin in organic apples. Moreover, contamination of both conventional and organic wheat by deoxynivalenol was observed with a higher level in organic products. However, the health risk for consumers might be real only for the contamination by mycotoxins as the contaminated foods (apples, wheat) are the main contributors to total exposure.
{"title":"Contaminants in organic and conventional foodstuffs in France","authors":"L. Malmauret, D. Parent-Massin, J. Hardy, P. Verger","doi":"10.1080/02652030210123878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210123878","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to compare the levels of contamination in organic and conventional raw materials. To this end, the level of contamination by heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury), nitrates and nitrites, and some mycotoxins were monitored. Fifteen products were tested in their organic and conventional forms, including meat, milk, eggs, vegetables and cereals. The median levels of contamination were calculated and compared with the recommended or regulated maximum levels. The maximum levels were exceeded for lead in organic carrots and buckwheat, and in conventional wheat; for cadmium, in both organic and conventional buckwheat; for nitrates, in organic spinach; and for patulin in organic apples. Moreover, contamination of both conventional and organic wheat by deoxynivalenol was observed with a higher level in organic products. However, the health risk for consumers might be real only for the contamination by mycotoxins as the contaminated foods (apples, wheat) are the main contributors to total exposure.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"17 1","pages":"524 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89498865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110113744
M. L. Alonso, J. Benedito, M. Miranda, C. Castillo, J. Hernández, R. Shore
In Galicia, Spain, liver copper concentrations, muscle zinc concentrations and kidney cadmium concentrations (in adult cattle) can exceed acceptable maximum concentrations which have been adopted by some countries. The aim was to calculate the contribution of cattle products to the daily intake of trace and toxic metals by humans in Galicia and to evaluate whether there was any health risk to consumers. This was done by comparing calculated intakes with published acceptable daily intake rates for toxic elements and with the accepted safe ranges for population mean intakes of the essential metals. Typically, the contribution of cattle meat and offal to the daily cadmium, lead and arsenic intake of people in Galicia was minimal because offal is rarely eaten. However, liver from older cattle, especially animals from relatively contaminated areas, could pose a health risk if offal was consumed in substantial quantities. Muscle and liver from Galician cattle that exceeded acceptable maximum concentrations for copper and zinc did not pose a risk to human health.
{"title":"Contribution of cattle products to dietary intake of trace and toxic elements in Galicia, Spain","authors":"M. L. Alonso, J. Benedito, M. Miranda, C. Castillo, J. Hernández, R. Shore","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113744","url":null,"abstract":"In Galicia, Spain, liver copper concentrations, muscle zinc concentrations and kidney cadmium concentrations (in adult cattle) can exceed acceptable maximum concentrations which have been adopted by some countries. The aim was to calculate the contribution of cattle products to the daily intake of trace and toxic metals by humans in Galicia and to evaluate whether there was any health risk to consumers. This was done by comparing calculated intakes with published acceptable daily intake rates for toxic elements and with the accepted safe ranges for population mean intakes of the essential metals. Typically, the contribution of cattle meat and offal to the daily cadmium, lead and arsenic intake of people in Galicia was minimal because offal is rarely eaten. However, liver from older cattle, especially animals from relatively contaminated areas, could pose a health risk if offal was consumed in substantial quantities. Muscle and liver from Galician cattle that exceeded acceptable maximum concentrations for copper and zinc did not pose a risk to human health.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"30 1","pages":"533 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84995944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110113799
B. Baker, C. Benbrook, E. Iii, K. Benbrook
An analysis of pesticide residue data was performed to describe and quantify differences between organically grown and non-organic fresh fruits and vegetables. Data on residues in foods from three different market categories (conventionally grown, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown/no detectable residues (NDR), and organically grown) were compared using data from three test programmes: The Pesticide Data Program of the US Department of Agriculture; the Marketplace Surveillance Program of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation; and private tests by the Consumers Union, an independent testing organization. Organically grown foods consistently had about one-third as many residues as conventionally grown foods, and about one-half as many residues as found in IPM/NDR samples. Conventionally grown and IPM/NDR samples were also far more likely to contain multiple pesticide residues than were organically grown samples. Comparison of specific residues on specific crops found that residue concentrations in organic samples were consistently lower than in the other two categories, across all three data sets. The IPM/NDR category, based on data from two of the test programmes, had residues higher than those in organic samples but lower than those in conventionally grown foods.
{"title":"Pesticide residues in conventional, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown and organic foods: insights from three US data sets","authors":"B. Baker, C. Benbrook, E. Iii, K. Benbrook","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113799","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of pesticide residue data was performed to describe and quantify differences between organically grown and non-organic fresh fruits and vegetables. Data on residues in foods from three different market categories (conventionally grown, integrated pest management (IPM)-grown/no detectable residues (NDR), and organically grown) were compared using data from three test programmes: The Pesticide Data Program of the US Department of Agriculture; the Marketplace Surveillance Program of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation; and private tests by the Consumers Union, an independent testing organization. Organically grown foods consistently had about one-third as many residues as conventionally grown foods, and about one-half as many residues as found in IPM/NDR samples. Conventionally grown and IPM/NDR samples were also far more likely to contain multiple pesticide residues than were organically grown samples. Comparison of specific residues on specific crops found that residue concentrations in organic samples were consistently lower than in the other two categories, across all three data sets. The IPM/NDR category, based on data from two of the test programmes, had residues higher than those in organic samples but lower than those in conventionally grown foods.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"20 1","pages":"427 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87295096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110113726
L. Czerwiecki, D. Czajkowska, A. Witkowska-Gwiazdowska
Over 200 samples of Polish cereal grain from the 1997 harvest obtained from conventional and ecological farms were tested for the presence of ochratoxin A as well as for contamination by microscopic fungi. Ochratoxin A contamination of rye from ecological farms was over six times more frequent than that from conventional cultivation. The ochratoxin A content in wheat and barley samples from ecological farms was also higher. No wheat sample from conventional farms contained the mycotoxin. In the group of ecological farms, there were differences in the percentage of cereal samples containing ochratoxin A. The ochratoxin A levels ranged from 0.2 to 57 µg kg−1. The mean concentration of ochratoxin A in investigated cereal grain was 5.7 µg kg−1. From samples containing detectable amounts of ochratoxin A, fungi producing ochratoxin A under laboratory conditions were isolated. They were classified as belonging to the species Penicillium cyclopium, P. viridicatum, P. chrysogenum and also Aspergillus alliaceus, A. versicolor, A. glaucus and A. flavus. Penicillium strains—producers of ochratoxin A—were isolated from 93% of the samples; in 7% of samples, only Aspergillus strains producing this mycotoxin were noted. Rye samples mainly from one farm with an ecological type of cultivation and from one conventional farm were contaminated with both Aspergillus and Penicillium mycotoxigenic strains.
对从传统农场和生态农场获得的1997年收获的200多个波兰谷物样本进行了赭曲霉毒素A和微生物真菌污染检测。生态农场黑麦的赭曲霉毒素A污染频率是传统农场黑麦的6倍以上。生态农场小麦和大麦样品中的赭曲霉毒素A含量也较高。传统农场的小麦样本中没有含有霉菌毒素。在生态农场组中，含有赭曲霉毒素A的谷物样品的百分比存在差异，赭曲霉毒素A的含量范围为0.2至57µg kg - 1。研究谷物中赭曲霉毒素A的平均浓度为5.7µg kg−1。从含有可检测量赭曲霉毒素A的样品中，分离出在实验室条件下产生赭曲霉毒素A的真菌。它们分别属于青霉属、绿霉属、黄霉属和葱曲霉属、花斑曲霉属、青绿曲霉属和黄曲霉属。从93%的样品中分离出产赭曲霉毒素a的青霉菌;在7%的样品中，只注意到产生这种霉菌毒素的曲霉菌株。黑麦样品主要来自1个生态型栽培农场和1个常规农场，同时受到曲霉和青霉产霉毒素菌株的污染。
{"title":"On ochratoxin A and fungal flora in Polish cereals from conventional and ecological farms - Part 1: Occurrence of ochratoxin A and fungi in cereals in 1997","authors":"L. Czerwiecki, D. Czajkowska, A. Witkowska-Gwiazdowska","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113726","url":null,"abstract":"Over 200 samples of Polish cereal grain from the 1997 harvest obtained from conventional and ecological farms were tested for the presence of ochratoxin A as well as for contamination by microscopic fungi. Ochratoxin A contamination of rye from ecological farms was over six times more frequent than that from conventional cultivation. The ochratoxin A content in wheat and barley samples from ecological farms was also higher. No wheat sample from conventional farms contained the mycotoxin. In the group of ecological farms, there were differences in the percentage of cereal samples containing ochratoxin A. The ochratoxin A levels ranged from 0.2 to 57 µg kg−1. The mean concentration of ochratoxin A in investigated cereal grain was 5.7 µg kg−1. From samples containing detectable amounts of ochratoxin A, fungi producing ochratoxin A under laboratory conditions were isolated. They were classified as belonging to the species Penicillium cyclopium, P. viridicatum, P. chrysogenum and also Aspergillus alliaceus, A. versicolor, A. glaucus and A. flavus. Penicillium strains—producers of ochratoxin A—were isolated from 93% of the samples; in 7% of samples, only Aspergillus strains producing this mycotoxin were noted. Rye samples mainly from one farm with an ecological type of cultivation and from one conventional farm were contaminated with both Aspergillus and Penicillium mycotoxigenic strains.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"48 1","pages":"470 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85588612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110103484
L. Broggi, S. Resnik, A. Pacin, H. González, Gaspar Cano, D. Taglieri
Corn samples and different dry-milled fractions collected from an industrial mill in Argentina were analysed. Average contaminations were FB1 1540 µg kg−1, FB2 716 µg kg−1 and FB3 152 µg kg−1 in whole corn; FB1 135 µg kg−1, FB2 39.1 µg kg−1 and FB3 10.2 µg kg−1 in corn grits; FB1 358 µg kg−1, FB2 122 µg kg−1 and FB3 45.9 µg kg-1 in ‘C’ flour; FB1 148 µg kg−1, FB2 52.5 µg kg−1 and FB3 28.3 µg kg−1 in corn meal; and FB1 4210 µg kg−1, FB2 2010 µg kg−1 and FB3 447 µg kg−1 in germ and bran together. The fumonisin contamination level was approximately three times higher in germ and bran than in whole corn, 13 times higher than in ‘C’ flour and 29 times higher than in corn meal and corn grits. Taking into account the distribution of fumonisins in commercial dry-milled corn fractions and corn meal consumption in Argentina, a theoretical whole corn level of 6640 µg kg−1 maximum of total fumonisins could be processed to obtain products considered safe for human health.
分析了从阿根廷一家工业磨坊收集的玉米样品和不同的干磨馏分。全玉米平均污染为FB1 1540µg kg - 1, FB2 716µg kg - 1, FB3 152µg kg - 1;FB1含量为135µg kg - 1, FB2含量为39.1µg kg - 1, FB3含量为10.2µg kg - 1;FB1为358µg kg-1, FB2为122µg kg-1, FB3为45.9µg kg-1;玉米粉中FB1 148µg kg - 1, FB2 52.5µg kg - 1, FB3 28.3µg kg - 1;FB1 4210µg kg - 1, FB2 2010µg kg - 1, FB3 447µg kg - 1。伏马菌素污染水平在胚芽和麸皮中大约是全玉米的3倍，在“C”粉中是13倍，在玉米粉和玉米粉中是29倍。考虑到伏马菌素在阿根廷商业干磨玉米馏分和玉米粉消费中的分布，理论上整个玉米的伏马菌素总含量最高可达6640µg kg - 1，以获得被认为对人类健康安全的产品。
{"title":"Distribution of fumonisins in dry-milled corn fractions in Argentina","authors":"L. Broggi, S. Resnik, A. Pacin, H. González, Gaspar Cano, D. Taglieri","doi":"10.1080/02652030110103484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110103484","url":null,"abstract":"Corn samples and different dry-milled fractions collected from an industrial mill in Argentina were analysed. Average contaminations were FB1 1540 µg kg−1, FB2 716 µg kg−1 and FB3 152 µg kg−1 in whole corn; FB1 135 µg kg−1, FB2 39.1 µg kg−1 and FB3 10.2 µg kg−1 in corn grits; FB1 358 µg kg−1, FB2 122 µg kg−1 and FB3 45.9 µg kg-1 in ‘C’ flour; FB1 148 µg kg−1, FB2 52.5 µg kg−1 and FB3 28.3 µg kg−1 in corn meal; and FB1 4210 µg kg−1, FB2 2010 µg kg−1 and FB3 447 µg kg−1 in germ and bran together. The fumonisin contamination level was approximately three times higher in germ and bran than in whole corn, 13 times higher than in ‘C’ flour and 29 times higher than in corn meal and corn grits. Taking into account the distribution of fumonisins in commercial dry-milled corn fractions and corn meal consumption in Argentina, a theoretical whole corn level of 6640 µg kg−1 maximum of total fumonisins could be processed to obtain products considered safe for human health.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"42 1","pages":"465 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110101503
G. Flodberg, L. Höjvall, M. Hedenqvist, U. Gedde
Liquid-crystalline co-polyesters (e.g. a random copolyester based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA) known as Vectra A950) offer good barrier properties, but for food-contact use require overall and specific migration testing. For Vectra A950 films, the highest overall migration level obtained was 2.3 mg kg−1 in olive oil (10 days at 40°C) well below the EC limit of 60 mg kg−1. The highest specific migration for p-hydroxybenzoic acid was 15.2 µg dm−2 in olive oil (2h at 175°C). For 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid, the highest value obtained was 4.3 µg dm−2 in 10% ethanol (4h at 100°C), although it was not on the EC positive and cannot yet be used for food-contact materials. At conditions considered as severe, the estimated daily intake for p-hydroxybenzoic acid was calculated as 11.9 µg/person day−1 and for 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid it was 5.3 µg/person day−1. The results exceed the threshold of regulation of 1.5 µg/person day−1.
液晶共聚酯(例如基于对羟基苯甲酸(HBA)和2-羟基-6-萘酸(HNA)的随机共聚酯，称为Vectra A950)具有良好的阻隔性能，但对于食品接触使用，需要进行全面和特定的迁移测试。对于Vectra A950薄膜，在橄榄油中获得的最高总迁移水平为2.3 mg kg - 1(在40°C下10天)，远低于EC限制的60 mg kg - 1。对羟基苯甲酸在橄榄油中的最高迁移比为15.2µg dm−2(175℃下2h)。对于2-羟基-6-萘酸，在10%乙醇中(在100°C下4小时)获得的最高值为4.3µg dm - 2，尽管它不是EC阳性，还不能用于与食品接触的材料。在被认为是严重的条件下，对羟基苯甲酸的估计日摄入量计算为11.9µg/人天−1,2-羟基-6-萘酸的估计日摄入量为5.3µg/人天−1。结果超过了1.5µg/人day - 1的调节阈值。
{"title":"Migration of monomers from liquid crystalline poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid-co-2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid)","authors":"G. Flodberg, L. Höjvall, M. Hedenqvist, U. Gedde","doi":"10.1080/02652030110101503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110101503","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-crystalline co-polyesters (e.g. a random copolyester based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA) known as Vectra A950) offer good barrier properties, but for food-contact use require overall and specific migration testing. For Vectra A950 films, the highest overall migration level obtained was 2.3 mg kg−1 in olive oil (10 days at 40°C) well below the EC limit of 60 mg kg−1. The highest specific migration for p-hydroxybenzoic acid was 15.2 µg dm−2 in olive oil (2h at 175°C). For 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid, the highest value obtained was 4.3 µg dm−2 in 10% ethanol (4h at 100°C), although it was not on the EC positive and cannot yet be used for food-contact materials. At conditions considered as severe, the estimated daily intake for p-hydroxybenzoic acid was calculated as 11.9 µg/person day−1 and for 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid it was 5.3 µg/person day−1. The results exceed the threshold of regulation of 1.5 µg/person day−1.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"30 1","pages":"492 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73704179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110101828
Y. Lario, F. Burló, P. Aracil, D. Martínez-Romero, S. Castillo, D. Valero, Á. Carbonell-Barrachina
The main objective was to evaluate whether arsenic accumulated in the edible pods and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. F15 above the Spanish maximum recommended concentration for food crops, 1 mg kg−1 on a fresh weight basis. Only organic arsenicals, methylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids were used because they were: (1) the only arsenic species allowed for agricultural applications and (2) more mobile than inorganic species. Selection of French beans, a sensitive plant to arsenic, was based on the fact that arsenic-upward translocation is higher in sensitive than in tolerant plants. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with two organic arsenic species (methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) and three arsenic concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1). Experimental results showed that the low bean plant tolerance to arsenic was possibly due to the high arsenic-upward transport to shoots, which could result in profound negative metabolic consequences. Even under extreme adverse conditions, arsenic residues in edible beans were below the maximum statutory limit set by the Spanish legislation. It is concluded that the major drawback of organic arsenical herbicides is that of decreased productivity rather than high arsenic intake by consumers of edible products from sensitive plant species.
{"title":"Methylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids toxicity and total arsenic accumulation in edible bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris","authors":"Y. Lario, F. Burló, P. Aracil, D. Martínez-Romero, S. Castillo, D. Valero, Á. Carbonell-Barrachina","doi":"10.1080/02652030110101828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110101828","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective was to evaluate whether arsenic accumulated in the edible pods and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. F15 above the Spanish maximum recommended concentration for food crops, 1 mg kg−1 on a fresh weight basis. Only organic arsenicals, methylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids were used because they were: (1) the only arsenic species allowed for agricultural applications and (2) more mobile than inorganic species. Selection of French beans, a sensitive plant to arsenic, was based on the fact that arsenic-upward translocation is higher in sensitive than in tolerant plants. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with two organic arsenic species (methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) and three arsenic concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1). Experimental results showed that the low bean plant tolerance to arsenic was possibly due to the high arsenic-upward transport to shoots, which could result in profound negative metabolic consequences. Even under extreme adverse conditions, arsenic residues in edible beans were below the maximum statutory limit set by the Spanish legislation. It is concluded that the major drawback of organic arsenical herbicides is that of decreased productivity rather than high arsenic intake by consumers of edible products from sensitive plant species.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"33 1","pages":"417 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88300096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-05-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110088293
C. Brede, I. Skjevrak, H. Herikstad, E. Anensen, R. Austvoll, T. Hemmingsen
A straightforward method was established for the determination of migration contaminants in olive oil with a special focus on the two can-coating migration compounds bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE). The preferred sample preparation was a single liquid-liquid extraction of compounds from the oil into 20% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile, followed by clean-up with solid-phase extraction on aminopropyl bonded to silica. This purification procedure selectively removed all free fatty acids from the extracts without removing phenolic compounds of interest. The solid-phase extraction columns were used many times by implementing a procedure of washing out the strongly retained fatty acids with 2% acetic acid in methanol. Gas chromatography coupled with full scan (m/z 33-700) electron ionization mass spectrometry was used for the determination of several model compounds in olive oil samples. BADGE and BFDGE could be determined in the 0.05-2 mg kg−1 range in oil samples with a relative SD of <6% (six replicates). The method was used in an enforcement campaign for the Norwegian Food Control Authority to analyse vegetable oil samples from canned fish-in-oil.
建立了一种测定橄榄油中迁移性污染物的简便方法，重点研究了两种可涂覆的迁移性化合物双酚A二缩水甘油酯醚(BADGE)和双酚F二缩水甘油酯醚(BFDGE)。优选的样品制备方法是将油中的化合物单液-液萃取到20% (v/v)的乙腈甲醇中，然后用固相萃取法在与二氧化硅结合的氨基丙基上进行清理。该纯化程序选择性地从提取物中去除所有游离脂肪酸，而不去除感兴趣的酚类化合物。固相萃取柱采用2%醋酸在甲醇中洗涤强保留脂肪酸的方法进行了多次使用。采用气相色谱联用全扫描(m/z 33-700)电子电离质谱法测定了橄榄油样品中的几种模型化合物。BADGE和BFDGE可在0.05 ~ 2 mg kg - 1范围内测定，相对SD <6%(6个重复)。该方法在挪威食品管理局的一次执法行动中用于分析罐头油浸鱼的植物油样本。
{"title":"Improved sample extraction and clean-up for the GC-MS determination of BADGE and BFDGE in vegetable oil","authors":"C. Brede, I. Skjevrak, H. Herikstad, E. Anensen, R. Austvoll, T. Hemmingsen","doi":"10.1080/02652030110088293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110088293","url":null,"abstract":"A straightforward method was established for the determination of migration contaminants in olive oil with a special focus on the two can-coating migration compounds bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE). The preferred sample preparation was a single liquid-liquid extraction of compounds from the oil into 20% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile, followed by clean-up with solid-phase extraction on aminopropyl bonded to silica. This purification procedure selectively removed all free fatty acids from the extracts without removing phenolic compounds of interest. The solid-phase extraction columns were used many times by implementing a procedure of washing out the strongly retained fatty acids with 2% acetic acid in methanol. Gas chromatography coupled with full scan (m/z 33-700) electron ionization mass spectrometry was used for the determination of several model compounds in olive oil samples. BADGE and BFDGE could be determined in the 0.05-2 mg kg−1 range in oil samples with a relative SD of <6% (six replicates). The method was used in an enforcement campaign for the Norwegian Food Control Authority to analyse vegetable oil samples from canned fish-in-oil.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"28 1","pages":"483 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82156910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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